Checkpoint commit

27 files changed, 3944 insertions(+), 3812 deletions(-) :} I've
started doing whitespace changes as well, I want everything to
be 4-space tabs from now on.

src/blockdata/block.rs

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 
 use std::num::{Zero, from_u64};
 
-use util::error;
+use util;
-use util::error::Error::{SpvBadTarget, SpvBadProofOfWork};
+use util::Error::{SpvBadTarget, SpvBadProofOfWork};
 use util::hash::Sha256dHash;
 use util::uint::Uint256;
 use network::encodable::{ConsensusEncodable, VarInt};
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl BlockHeader {
   /// Performs an SPV validation of a block, which confirms that the proof-of-work
   /// is correct, but does not verify that the transactions are valid or encoded
   /// correctly.
-  pub fn spv_validate(&self, required_target: &Uint256) -> Result<(), error::Error> {
+  pub fn spv_validate(&self, required_target: &Uint256) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
     let ref target = self.target();
     if target != required_target {
       return Err(SpvBadTarget);
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ impl_consensus_encoding!(LoneBlockHeader, header, tx_count);
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-  use std::io::IoResult;
+  use std::io;
   use serialize::hex::FromHex;
 
   use blockdata::block::Block;
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ mod tests {
     let prevhash = "4ddccd549d28f385ab457e98d1b11ce80bfea2c5ab93015ade4973e400000000".from_hex().unwrap();
     let merkle = "bf4473e53794beae34e64fccc471dace6ae544180816f89591894e0f417a914c".from_hex().unwrap();
 
-    let decode: IoResult<Block> = deserialize(some_block.clone());
+    let decode: io::Result<Block> = deserialize(some_block.clone());
-    let bad_decode: IoResult<Block> = deserialize(cutoff_block);
+    let bad_decode: io::Result<Block> = deserialize(cutoff_block);
 
     assert!(decode.is_ok());
     assert!(bad_decode.is_err());

src/blockdata/blockchain.rs

@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ use network::constants::Network;
 use network::encodable::{ConsensusDecodable, ConsensusEncodable};
 use network::serialize::{BitcoinHash, SimpleDecoder, SimpleEncoder};
 use util::BitArray;
-use util::error;
+use util;
-use util::error::Error::{BlockNotFound, DuplicateHash, PrevHashNotFound};
+use util::Error::{BlockNotFound, DuplicateHash, PrevHashNotFound};
 use util::uint::Uint256;
 use util::hash::Sha256dHash;
 use util::patricia_tree::PatriciaTree;
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ impl Blockchain {
     }
   }
 
-  fn replace_txdata(&mut self, hash: &Uint256, txdata: Vec<Transaction>, has_txdata: bool) -> Result<(), error::Error> {
+  fn replace_txdata(&mut self, hash: &Uint256, txdata: Vec<Transaction>, has_txdata: bool) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
     match self.tree.lookup_mut(hash, 256) {
       Some(existing_block) => {
         unsafe {
@@ -413,26 +413,26 @@ impl Blockchain {
   }
 
   /// Locates a block in the chain and overwrites its txdata
-  pub fn add_txdata(&mut self, block: Block) -> Result<(), error::Error> {
+  pub fn add_txdata(&mut self, block: Block) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
     self.replace_txdata(&block.header.bitcoin_hash().into_le(), block.txdata, true)
   }
 
   /// Locates a block in the chain and removes its txdata
-  pub fn remove_txdata(&mut self, hash: Sha256dHash) -> Result<(), error::Error> {
+  pub fn remove_txdata(&mut self, hash: Sha256dHash) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
     self.replace_txdata(&hash.into_le(), vec![], false)
   }
 
   /// Adds a block header to the chain
-  pub fn add_header(&mut self, header: BlockHeader) -> Result<(), error::Error> {
+  pub fn add_header(&mut self, header: BlockHeader) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
     self.real_add_block(Block { header: header, txdata: vec![] }, false)
   }
 
   /// Adds a block to the chain
-  pub fn add_block(&mut self, block: Block) -> Result<(), error::Error> {
+  pub fn add_block(&mut self, block: Block) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
     self.real_add_block(block, true)
   }
 
-  fn real_add_block(&mut self, block: Block, has_txdata: bool) -> Result<(), error::Error> {
+  fn real_add_block(&mut self, block: Block, has_txdata: bool) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
     // get_prev optimizes the common case where we are extending the best tip
     #[inline]
     fn get_prev<'a>(chain: &'a Blockchain, hash: Sha256dHash) -> Option<NodePtr> {
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ impl Blockchain {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-  use std::io::IoResult;
+  use std::io;
 
   use blockdata::blockchain::Blockchain;
   use blockdata::constants::genesis_block;
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ mod tests {
                genesis_block(Bitcoin).header.bitcoin_hash());
 
     let serial = serialize(&empty_chain);
-    let deserial: IoResult<Blockchain> = deserialize(serial.unwrap());
+    let deserial: io::Result<Blockchain> = deserialize(serial.unwrap());
 
     assert!(deserial.is_ok());
     let read_chain = deserial.unwrap();

src/blockdata/opcodes.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use serde;
 
 // Heavy stick to translate between opcode types
 use std::mem::transmute;
+use std::fmt;
 
 use network::serialize::{SimpleDecoder, SimpleEncoder};
 use network::encodable::{ConsensusDecodable, ConsensusEncodable};
@@ -602,6 +603,8 @@ impl All {
     }
 }
 
+display_from_debug!(All);
+
 impl<D: SimpleDecoder> ConsensusDecodable<D> for All {
     #[inline]
     fn consensus_decode(d: &mut D) -> Result<All, D::Error> {
@@ -646,6 +649,8 @@ pub enum Class {
   Ordinary(Ordinary)
 }
 
+display_from_debug!(Class);
+
 impl serde::Serialize for Class {
   fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error>
       where S: serde::Serializer,

src/blockdata/script.rs

@@ -46,10 +46,16 @@ use network::serialize::{SimpleDecoder, SimpleEncoder, serialize};
 use util::hash::Sha256dHash;
 use util::misc::script_find_and_remove;
 
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 /// A Bitcoin script
 pub struct Script(Box<[u8]>);
 
+impl Clone for Script {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Script {
+        Script(self.0.to_vec().into_boxed_slice())
+    }
+}
+
 impl hash::Hash for Script {
     #[inline]
     fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)
@@ -132,6 +138,7 @@ pub enum Error {
     /// An OP_VERIFY happened with zero on the stack
     VerifyFailed,
 }
+display_from_debug!(Error);
 
 /// A rule for validating an abstract stack element
 pub struct Validator {
@@ -200,8 +207,7 @@ fn check_op_equal(elem: &AbstractStackElem, others: &[usize]) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-fn update_boolean(elem: &mut AbstractStackElem) 
+fn update_boolean(elem: &mut AbstractStackElem) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                 -> Result<(), Error> {
     // Test boolean values
     elem.bool_val = Some(true);
     let true_works = elem.validate();
@@ -576,10 +582,10 @@ fn update_op_ripemd160(elem: &mut AbstractStackElem, others: &[usize])
     let hash = match unsafe { elem.lookup(others[0]) }.raw_value() {
         None => None,
         Some(x) => {
-      let mut out = [0, ..20];
+            let mut out = [0; 20];
             let mut engine = Ripemd160::new();
             engine.input(x);
-      engine.result(out.as_mut_slice());
+            engine.result(&mut out);
             Some(out)
         }
     };
@@ -602,10 +608,10 @@ fn update_op_sha1(elem: &mut AbstractStackElem, others: &[usize])
     let hash = match unsafe { elem.lookup(others[0]) }.raw_value() {
         None => None,
         Some(x) => {
-      let mut out = [0, ..20];
+            let mut out = [0; 20];
             let mut engine = Sha1::new();
             engine.input(x);
-      engine.result(out.as_mut_slice());
+            engine.result(&mut out);
             Some(out)
         }
     };
@@ -628,8 +634,8 @@ fn update_op_hash160(elem: &mut AbstractStackElem, others: &[usize])
     let hash = match unsafe { elem.lookup(others[0]) }.raw_value() {
         None => None,
         Some(x) => {
-      let mut out1 = [0, ..32];
+            let mut out1 = [0; 32];
-      let mut out2 = [0, ..20];
+            let mut out2 = [0; 20];
             let mut engine = Sha256::new();
             engine.input(x);
             engine.result(&mut out1);
@@ -658,10 +664,10 @@ fn update_op_sha256(elem: &mut AbstractStackElem, others: &[usize])
     let hash = match unsafe { elem.lookup(others[0]) }.raw_value() {
         None => None,
         Some(x) => {
-      let mut out = [0, ..32];
+            let mut out = [0; 32];
             let mut engine = Sha256::new();
             engine.input(x);
-      engine.result(out.as_mut_slice());
+            engine.result(&mut out);
             Some(out)
         }
     };
@@ -684,7 +690,7 @@ fn update_op_hash256(elem: &mut AbstractStackElem, others: &[usize])
     let hash = match unsafe { elem.lookup(others[0]) }.raw_value() {
         None => None,
         Some(x) => {
-      let mut out = [0, ..32];
+            let mut out = [0; 32];
             let mut engine = Sha256::new();
             engine.input(x);
             engine.result(&mut out);
@@ -1100,16 +1106,6 @@ impl AbstractStack {
         }
     }
 
-  /// Lookup an element by index
-  pub fn get_elem(&self, alloc_index: usize) -> &AbstractStackElem {
-    &self.alloc[alloc_index]
-  }
-
-  /// Lookup an element by index
-  pub fn get_elem_mut(&mut self, alloc_index: usize) -> &mut AbstractStackElem {
-    self.alloc.get_mut(alloc_index)
-  }
-
     /// Push a copy of an existing element by index
     pub fn push(&mut self, elem: usize) {
         self.stack.push(elem);
@@ -1119,7 +1115,7 @@ impl AbstractStack {
     pub fn push_alloc<'a>(&'a mut self, elem: AbstractStackElem) -> &'a mut AbstractStackElem {
         let idx = self.allocate(elem);
         self.stack.push(idx);
-    self.alloc.get_mut(idx)
+        &mut self.alloc[idx]
     }
 
 
@@ -1129,7 +1125,7 @@ impl AbstractStack {
             self.push_initial(AbstractStackElem::new_unknown());
         }
 
-    self.alloc.get_mut(*self.stack.last().unwrap())
+        &mut self.alloc[*self.stack.last().unwrap()]
     }
 
     /// Obtain a stackref to the current top element
@@ -1154,7 +1150,7 @@ impl AbstractStack {
             self.push_initial(AbstractStackElem::new_unknown());
         }
 
-    self.alloc.get_mut(self.stack.pop().unwrap())
+        &mut self.alloc[self.stack.pop().unwrap()]
     }
 
 
@@ -1179,23 +1175,6 @@ impl AbstractStack {
         }
     }
 
-  /// Immutable view of the current stack as a slice (to be compatible
-  /// with the `stack_opcode!` macro
-  pub fn as_slice<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [usize] {
-    self.stack.as_slice()
-  }
-
-  /// Immutable view of the current stack as a slice of bytes
-  pub fn slice_to<'a>(&'a self, n: usize) -> &'a [usize] {
-    self.stack.slice_to(n)
-  }
-
-  /// Mutable view of the current stack as a slice (to be compatible
-  /// with the `stack_opcode!` macro
-  fn as_mut_slice<'a>(&'a mut self) -> &'a mut [usize] {
-    self.stack.as_mut_slice()
-  }
-
     /// Length of the current stack
     fn len(&self) -> usize {
         self.stack.len()
@@ -1207,9 +1186,84 @@ impl AbstractStack {
     }
 }
 
+impl ops::Index<usize> for AbstractStack {
+    type Output = usize;
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &usize {
+        &self.stack[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::Range<usize>> for AbstractStack {
+    type Output = [usize];
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self, index: ops::Range<usize>) -> &[usize] {
+        &self.stack[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::RangeTo<usize>> for AbstractStack {
+    type Output = [usize];
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self, index: ops::RangeTo<usize>) -> &[usize] {
+        &self.stack[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::RangeFrom<usize>> for AbstractStack {
+    type Output = [usize];
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self, index: ops::RangeFrom<usize>) -> &[usize] {
+        &self.stack[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::RangeFull> for AbstractStack {
+    type Output = [usize];
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self, _: ops::RangeFull) -> &[usize] {
+        &self.stack[..]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::IndexMut<usize> for AbstractStack {
+    #[inline]
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> &mut usize {
+        &mut self.stack[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::IndexMut<ops::Range<usize>> for AbstractStack {
+    #[inline]
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: ops::Range<usize>) -> &mut [usize] {
+        &mut self.stack[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::IndexMut<ops::RangeTo<usize>> for AbstractStack {
+    #[inline]
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: ops::RangeTo<usize>) -> &mut [usize] {
+        &mut self.stack[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::IndexMut<ops::RangeFrom<usize>> for AbstractStack {
+    #[inline]
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: ops::RangeFrom<usize>) -> &mut [usize] {
+        &mut self.stack[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::IndexMut<ops::RangeFull> for AbstractStack {
+    #[inline]
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, _: ops::RangeFull) -> &mut [usize] {
+        &mut self.stack[..]
+    }
+}
+
 impl serde::Serialize for Error {
     fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error>
-      where S: serde::Serializer,
+        where S: serde::Serializer
     {
         serializer.visit_str(&self.to_string())
     }
@@ -1556,10 +1610,10 @@ macro_rules! stack_opcode {
         $( let elem = $stack[top - $c].clone();
              $stack.push(elem); )*
         // Do swaps
-    $( $stack.as_mut_slice().swap(top - $a, top - $b); )*
+        $( (&mut $stack[..]).swap(top - $a, top - $b); )*
         // Do permutations
         $( let first = $first;
-       $( $stack.as_mut_slice().swap(top - first, top - $i); )* )*
+             $( (&mut $stack[..]).swap(top - first, top - $i); )* )*
         // Do drops last so that dropped values will be available above
         $( $stack.remove(top - $d); )*
     });
@@ -1569,10 +1623,10 @@ macro_rules! stack_opcode {
 macro_rules! num_opcode {
     ($stack:ident($($var:ident),*): $op:expr) => ({
         $(
-      let $var = &try!(read_scriptint(match $stack.pop() {
+            let $var = try!(read_scriptint(match $stack.pop() {
-        Some(elem) => elem,
+                Some(elem) => &elem[..],
                 None => { return Err(Error::PopEmptyStack); }
-      })[..]);
+            }));
         )*
         $stack.push(MaybeOwned::Owned(build_scriptint($op)));
         // Return a tuple of all the variables
@@ -1627,12 +1681,12 @@ macro_rules! hash_opcode {
             None => { return Err(Error::PopEmptyStack); }
             Some(v) => {
                 let mut engine = $hash::new();
-        engine.input(&v);
+                engine.input(&v[..]);
                 let mut ret = Vec::with_capacity(engine.output_bits() / 8);
                 // Force-set the length even though the vector is uninitialized
                 // This is OK only because u8 has no destructor
                 unsafe { ret.set_len(engine.output_bits() / 8); }
-        engine.result(ret.as_mut_slice());
+                engine.result(&mut ret);
                 $stack.push(MaybeOwned::Owned(ret));
             }
         }
@@ -1642,7 +1696,7 @@ macro_rules! hash_opcode {
 // OP_VERIFY macro
 macro_rules! op_verify {
     ($stack:expr, $err:expr) => (
-    match $stack.last().map(|v| read_scriptbool(&v)) {
+        match $stack.last().map(|v| read_scriptbool(&v[..])) {
             None => { return Err(Error::VerifyEmptyStack); }
             Some(false) => { return Err($err); }
             Some(true) => { $stack.pop(); }
@@ -1730,30 +1784,6 @@ impl Script {
         raw.push(data as u8);
     }
 
-  /// Returns a view into the script as a slice
-  pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[u8] {
-    let &Script(ref raw) = self;
-    raw.as_slice()
-  }
-
-  /// Returns a view into the script as a slice
-  pub fn slice_to(&self, n: usize) -> &[u8] {
-    let &Script(ref raw) = self;
-    raw.slice_to(n)
-  }
-
-  /// Returns a view into the script as a slice
-  pub fn slice_from(&self, n: usize) -> &[u8] {
-    let &Script(ref raw) = self;
-    raw.slice_from(n)
-  }
-
-  /// Returns a view into the script as a slice
-  pub fn slice(&self, s: usize, e: usize) -> &[u8] {
-    let &Script(ref raw) = self;
-    raw.slice(s, e)
-  }
-
     /// Trace a script
     pub fn trace<'a>(&'a self, stack: &mut Vec<MaybeOwned<'a>>,
                      input_context: Option<(&Transaction, usize)>)
@@ -1807,7 +1837,6 @@ impl Script {
             op_count += 1;
             index += 1;
             // The definitions of all these categories are in opcodes.rs
-//println!("read {} as {} as {}  ...  stack before op is {}", byte, opcodes::All::Opcode::from_u8(byte), opcodes::All::Opcode::from_u8(byte).classify(), stack);
             match (executing, opcodes::All::Opcode::from_u8(byte).classify()) {
                 // Illegal operations mean failure regardless of execution state
                 (_, opcodes::Class::IllegalOp)             => return Err(Error::IllegalOpcode),
@@ -1823,21 +1852,21 @@ impl Script {
                 }
                 (_, opcodes::Class::Ordinary(opcodes::Ordinary::OP_PUSHDATA1)) => {
                     if raw.len() < index + 1 { return Err(Error::EarlyEndOfScript); }
-          let n = try!(read_uint(raw.slice_from(index).iter(), 1));
+                    let n = try!(read_uint(&raw[index..], 1));
                     if raw.len() < index + 1 + n { return Err(Error::EarlyEndOfScript); }
                     if executing { stack.push(MaybeOwned::Borrowed(raw.slice(index + 1, index + n + 1))); }
                     index += 1 + n;
                 }
                 (_, opcodes::Class::Ordinary(opcodes::Ordinary::OP_PUSHDATA2)) => {
                     if raw.len() < index + 2 { return Err(Error::EarlyEndOfScript); }
-          let n = try!(read_uint(raw.slice_from(index).iter(), 2));
+                    let n = try!(read_uint(&raw[index..], 2));
                     if raw.len() < index + 2 + n { return Err(Error::EarlyEndOfScript); }
                     if executing { stack.push(MaybeOwned::Borrowed(raw.slice(index + 2, index + n + 2))); }
                     index += 2 + n;
                 }
                 (_, opcodes::Class::Ordinary(opcodes::Ordinary::OP_PUSHDATA4)) => {
                     if raw.len() < index + 4 { return Err(Error::EarlyEndOfScript); }
-          let n = try!(read_uint(raw.slice_from(index).iter(), 4));
+                    let n = try!(read_uint(&raw[index..], 4));
                     if raw.len() < index + 4 + n { return Err(Error::EarlyEndOfScript); }
                     if executing { stack.push(MaybeOwned::Borrowed(raw.slice(index + 4, index + n + 4))); }
                     index += 4 + n;
@@ -1865,13 +1894,13 @@ impl Script {
                             // handled above
                         }
                         opcodes::Ordinary::OP_IF => {
-              match stack.pop().map(|v| read_scriptbool(&v)) {
+                            match stack.pop().map(|v| read_scriptbool(&v[..])) {
                                 None => { return Err(Error::IfEmptyStack); }
                                 Some(b) => exec_stack.push(b)
                             }
                         }
                         opcodes::Ordinary::OP_NOTIF => {
-              match stack.pop().map(|v| read_scriptbool(&v)) {
+                            match stack.pop().map(|v| read_scriptbool(&v[..])) {
                                 None => { return Err(Error::IfEmptyStack); }
                                 Some(b) => exec_stack.push(!b),
                             }
@@ -1933,7 +1962,7 @@ impl Script {
                         opcodes::Ordinary::OP_SWAP => stack_opcode!(stack(2): swap (1, 2)),
                         opcodes::Ordinary::OP_TUCK => stack_opcode!(stack(2): copy 2; copy 1 drop 2),
                         opcodes::Ordinary::OP_IFDUP => {
-              match stack.last().map(|v| read_scriptbool(&v)) {
+                            match stack.last().map(|v| read_scriptbool(&v[..])) {
                                 None => { return Err(Error::IfEmptyStack); }
                                 Some(false) => {}
                                 Some(true) => { stack_opcode!(stack(1): copy 1); }
@@ -2004,7 +2033,7 @@ impl Script {
 
                             // Compute the section of script that needs to be hashed: everything
                             // from the last CODESEPARATOR, except the signature itself.
-              let mut script = raw.slice_from(codeseparator_index).to_vec();
+                            let mut script = (&raw[codeseparator_index..]).to_vec();
                             let mut remove = Script::new();
                             remove.push_slice(sig_slice);
                             script_find_and_remove(&mut script, &remove);
@@ -2053,7 +2082,7 @@ impl Script {
 
                             // Compute the section of script that needs to be hashed: everything
                             // from the last CODESEPARATOR, except the signatures themselves.
-              let mut script = raw.slice_from(codeseparator_index).to_vec();
+                            let mut script = (&raw[codeseparator_index..]).to_vec();
                             for sig in sigs.iter() {
                                 let mut remove = Script::new();
                                 remove.push_slice(&sig);
@@ -2148,7 +2177,6 @@ impl Script {
                 let byte = script[index];
                 index += 1;
                 // The definitions of all these categories are in opcodes.rs
-//println!("read {} as {} as {}", byte, opcodes::All::Opcode::from_u8(byte), opcodes::All::Opcode::from_u8(byte).classify());
                 match (executing, opcodes::All::from_u8(byte).classify()) {
                     // Illegal operations mean failure regardless of execution state
                     (_, opcodes::Class::IllegalOp)         => return Err(Error::IllegalOpcode),
@@ -2166,7 +2194,7 @@ impl Script {
                     }
                     (_, opcodes::Class::Ordinary(opcodes::Ordinary::OP_PUSHDATA1)) => {
                         if script.len() < index + 1 { return Err(Error::EarlyEndOfScript); }
-            let n = match read_uint(script.slice_from(index).iter(), 1) {
+                        let n = match read_uint(&script[index..], 1) {
                             Ok(n) => n,
                             Err(_) => { return Err(Error::EarlyEndOfScript); }
                         };
@@ -2178,7 +2206,7 @@ impl Script {
                     }
                     (_, opcodes::Class::Ordinary(opcodes::Ordinary::OP_PUSHDATA2)) => {
                         if script.len() < index + 2 { return Err(Error::EarlyEndOfScript); }
-            let n = match read_uint(script.slice_from(index).iter(), 2) {
+                        let n = match read_uint(&script[index..], 2) {
                             Ok(n) => n,
                             Err(_) => { return Err(Error::EarlyEndOfScript); }
                         };
@@ -2189,7 +2217,7 @@ impl Script {
                         index += 2 + n;
                     }
                     (_, opcodes::Class::Ordinary(opcodes::Ordinary::OP_PUSHDATA4)) => {
-            let n = match read_uint(script.slice_from(index).iter(), 4) {
+                        let n = match read_uint(&script[index..], 4) {
                             Ok(n) => n,
                             Err(_) => { return Err(Error::EarlyEndOfScript); }
                         };
@@ -2231,14 +2259,14 @@ impl Script {
                                         let mut stack_true = stack.clone();
                                         // Try pushing false and see what happens
                                         if stack.peek_mut().set_bool_value(false).is_ok() {
-                      match recurse(script.slice_from(index - 1), stack, exec_stack.clone(), depth + 1) {
+                                            match recurse(&script[index - 1..], stack, exec_stack.clone(), depth + 1) {
                                                 Ok(res) => { return Ok(res); }
                                                 Err(_) => {}
                                             }
                                         }
                                         // Failing that, push true
                                         try!(stack_true.peek_mut().set_bool_value(true));
-                    return recurse(script.slice_from(index - 1), stack_true, exec_stack, depth + 1);
+                                        return recurse(&script[index - 1..], stack_true, exec_stack, depth + 1);
                                     }
                                     Some(val) => {
                                         stack.pop();
@@ -2256,14 +2284,14 @@ impl Script {
                                         let mut stack_true = stack.clone();
                                         // Try pushing false and see what happens
                                         if stack.peek_mut().set_bool_value(false).is_ok() {
-                      match recurse(script.slice_from(index - 1), stack, exec_stack.clone(), depth + 1) {
+                                            match recurse(&script[index - 1..], stack, exec_stack.clone(), depth + 1) {
                                                 Ok(res) => { return Ok(res); }
                                                 Err(_) => {}
                                             }
                                         }
                                         // Failing that, push true
                                         try!(stack_true.peek_mut().set_bool_value(true));
-                    return recurse(script.slice_from(index - 1), stack_true, exec_stack, depth + 1);
+                                        return recurse(&script[index - 1..], stack_true, exec_stack, depth + 1);
                                     }
                                     Some(val) => {
                                         stack.pop();
@@ -2349,14 +2377,14 @@ impl Script {
                                         let mut stack_true = stack.clone();
                                         // Try pushing false and see what happens
                                         if stack.peek_mut().set_bool_value(false).is_ok() {
-                      match recurse(script.slice_from(index - 1), stack, exec_stack.clone(), depth + 1) {
+                                            match recurse(&script[index - 1..], stack, exec_stack.clone(), depth + 1) {
                                                 Ok(res) => { return Ok(res); }
                                                 Err(_) => {}
                                             }
                                         }
                                         // Failing that, push true
                                         try!(stack_true.peek_mut().set_bool_value(true));
-                    return recurse(script.slice_from(index - 1), stack_true, exec_stack, depth + 1);
+                                        return recurse(&script[index - 1..], stack_true, exec_stack, depth + 1);
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
@@ -2476,6 +2504,52 @@ impl Default for Script {
     fn default() -> Script { Script(vec![].into_boxed_slice()) }
 }
 
+
+impl ops::Index<usize> for Script {
+    type Output = u8;
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &u8 {
+        let &Script(ref raw) = self;
+        &raw[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::Range<usize>> for Script {
+    type Output = [u8];
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self, index: ops::Range<usize>) -> &[u8] {
+        let &Script(ref raw) = self;
+        &raw[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::RangeTo<usize>> for Script {
+    type Output = [u8];
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self, index: ops::RangeTo<usize>) -> &[u8] {
+        let &Script(ref raw) = self;
+        &raw[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::RangeFrom<usize>> for Script {
+    type Output = [u8];
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self, index: ops::RangeFrom<usize>) -> &[u8] {
+        let &Script(ref raw) = self;
+        &raw[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::RangeFull> for Script {
+    type Output = [u8];
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self, _: ops::RangeFull) -> &[u8] {
+        let &Script(ref raw) = self;
+        &raw[..]
+    }
+}
+
 // User-facing serialization
 impl serde::Serialize for Script {
     fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error>
@@ -2483,8 +2557,8 @@ impl serde::Serialize for Script {
     {
         let &Script(ref raw) = self;
         for dat in raw.iter() {
-      serializer.visit_char(from_digit((dat / 0x10) as usize, 16).unwrap());
+            serializer.visit_char(from_digit((dat / 0x10) as u32, 16).unwrap());
-      serializer.visit_char(from_digit((dat & 0x0f) as usize, 16).unwrap());
+            serializer.visit_char(from_digit((dat & 0x0f) as u32, 16).unwrap());
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2507,11 +2581,10 @@ impl<D: SimpleDecoder> ConsensusDecodable<D> for Script {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-  use std::io::IoResult;
+    use std::io;
     use serialize::hex::FromHex;
 
-  use super::{Script, build_scriptint, read_scriptint, read_scriptbool};
+    use super::{Error, Script, build_scriptint, read_scriptint, read_scriptbool};
-  use super::{EqualVerifyFailed, NoTransaction, PopEmptyStack};
     use super::MaybeOwned::Owned;
 
     use network::serialize::{deserialize, serialize};
@@ -2570,7 +2643,7 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn script_serialize() {
         let hex_script = "6c493046022100f93bb0e7d8db7bd46e40132d1f8242026e045f03a0efe71bbb8e3f475e970d790221009337cd7f1f929f00cc6ff01f03729b069a7c21b59b1736ddfee5db5946c5da8c0121033b9b137ee87d5a812d6f506efdd37f0affa7ffc310711c06c7f3e097c9447c52".from_hex().unwrap();
-    let script: IoResult<Script> = deserialize(hex_script.clone());
+        let script: io::Result<Script> = deserialize(hex_script.clone());
         assert!(script.is_ok());
         assert_eq!(serialize(&script.unwrap()), Ok(hex_script));
     }

src/blockdata/transaction.rs

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ impl TxIn {
         }
         match stack.pop() {
           Some(v) => {
-            if !read_scriptbool(v.as_slice()) {
+            if !read_scriptbool(&v[..]) {
               return Err(Error::ScriptReturnedFalse);
             }
            }
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl TxIn {
           }
           match p2sh_stack.pop() {
             Some(v) => {
-              if !read_scriptbool(v.as_slice()) {
+              if !read_scriptbool(&v[..]) {
                 return Err(Error::P2shScriptReturnedFalse);
               }
             }
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ impl Transaction {
             err.map(|e| trace.error = Some(Error::OutputScriptFailure(e)));
             match stack.pop() {
               Some(v) => {
-                if !read_scriptbool(v.as_slice()) {
+                if !read_scriptbool(&v[..]) {
                   trace.error = Some(Error::ScriptReturnedFalse);
                 }
               }
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ impl Transaction {
               err.map(|e| trace.error = Some(Error::P2shScriptFailure(e)));
               match p2sh_stack.pop() {
                 Some(v) => {
-                  if !read_scriptbool(v.as_slice()) {
+                  if !read_scriptbool(&v[..]) {
                     trace.error = Some(Error::P2shScriptReturnedFalse);
                   }
                 }
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ impl Transaction {
 impl BitcoinHash for Transaction {
   fn bitcoin_hash(&self) -> Sha256dHash {
     use network::serialize::serialize;
-    Sha256dHash::from_data(serialize(self).unwrap().as_slice())
+    Sha256dHash::from_data(&serialize(self).unwrap())
   }
 }
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ impl_consensus_encoding!(Transaction, version, input, output, lock_time);
 mod tests {
   use super::{Transaction, TxIn};
 
-  use std::io::IoResult;
+  use std::io;
 
   use network::serialize::BitcoinHash;
   use network::serialize::deserialize;
@@ -315,14 +315,14 @@ mod tests {
 
   #[test]
   fn test_txin() {
-    let txin: IoResult<TxIn> = deserialize(hex_bytes("a15d57094aa7a21a28cb20b59aab8fc7d1149a3bdbcddba9c622e4f5f6a99ece010000006c493046022100f93bb0e7d8db7bd46e40132d1f8242026e045f03a0efe71bbb8e3f475e970d790221009337cd7f1f929f00cc6ff01f03729b069a7c21b59b1736ddfee5db5946c5da8c0121033b9b137ee87d5a812d6f506efdd37f0affa7ffc310711c06c7f3e097c9447c52ffffffff").unwrap());
+    let txin: io::Result<TxIn> = deserialize(hex_bytes("a15d57094aa7a21a28cb20b59aab8fc7d1149a3bdbcddba9c622e4f5f6a99ece010000006c493046022100f93bb0e7d8db7bd46e40132d1f8242026e045f03a0efe71bbb8e3f475e970d790221009337cd7f1f929f00cc6ff01f03729b069a7c21b59b1736ddfee5db5946c5da8c0121033b9b137ee87d5a812d6f506efdd37f0affa7ffc310711c06c7f3e097c9447c52ffffffff").unwrap());
     assert!(txin.is_ok());
   }
 
   #[test]
   fn test_transaction() {
     let hex_tx = hex_bytes("0100000001a15d57094aa7a21a28cb20b59aab8fc7d1149a3bdbcddba9c622e4f5f6a99ece010000006c493046022100f93bb0e7d8db7bd46e40132d1f8242026e045f03a0efe71bbb8e3f475e970d790221009337cd7f1f929f00cc6ff01f03729b069a7c21b59b1736ddfee5db5946c5da8c0121033b9b137ee87d5a812d6f506efdd37f0affa7ffc310711c06c7f3e097c9447c52ffffffff0100e1f505000000001976a9140389035a9225b3839e2bbf32d826a1e222031fd888ac00000000").unwrap();
-    let tx: IoResult<Transaction> = deserialize(hex_tx);
+    let tx: io::Result<Transaction> = deserialize(hex_tx);
     assert!(tx.is_ok());
     let realtx = tx.unwrap();
     // All these tests aren't really needed because if they fail, the hash check at the end

src/blockdata/utxoset.rs

@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ impl UtxoSet {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
   use std::prelude::*;
-  use std::io::IoResult;
+  use std::io;
   use serialize::hex::FromHex;
 
   use super::{UtxoSet, ValidationLevel};
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ mod tests {
     // Serialize/deserialize the resulting UTXO set
     let serial = serialize(&empty_set).unwrap();
 
-    let deserial: IoResult<UtxoSet> = deserialize(serial.clone());
+    let deserial: io::Result<UtxoSet> = deserialize(serial.clone());
     assert!(deserial.is_ok());
 
     // Check that all outputs are there
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ mod tests {
       }
     }
 
-    let deserial_again: IoResult<UtxoSet> = deserialize(serial);
+    let deserial_again: io::Result<UtxoSet> = deserialize(serial);
     let mut read_again = deserial_again.unwrap();
     assert!(read_again.rewind(&new_block));
     assert_eq!(read_again.n_utxos(), 0);

src/internal_macros.rs

@@ -56,34 +56,6 @@ macro_rules! impl_newtype_consensus_encoding {
 macro_rules! impl_array_newtype {
     ($thing:ident, $ty:ty, $len:expr) => {
         impl $thing {
-      #[inline]
-      /// Provides an immutable view into the object
-      pub fn as_slice<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [$ty] {
-        let &$thing(ref dat) = self;
-        dat.as_slice()
-      }
-
-      #[inline]
-      /// Provides an immutable view into the object from index `s` inclusive to `e` exclusive
-      pub fn slice<'a>(&'a self, s: usize, e: usize) -> &'a [$ty] {
-        let &$thing(ref dat) = self;
-        dat.slice(s, e)
-      }
-
-      #[inline]
-      /// Provides an immutable view into the object, up to index `n` exclusive
-      pub fn slice_to<'a>(&'a self, n: usize) -> &'a [$ty] {
-        let &$thing(ref dat) = self;
-        dat.slice_to(n)
-      }
-
-      #[inline]
-      /// Provides an immutable view into the object, starting from index `n`
-      pub fn slice_from<'a>(&'a self, n: usize) -> &'a [$ty] {
-        let &$thing(ref dat) = self;
-        dat.slice_from(n)
-      }
-
             #[inline]
             /// Converts the object to a raw pointer
             pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const $ty {
@@ -94,7 +66,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_array_newtype {
             #[inline]
             /// Converts the object to a mutable raw pointer
             pub fn as_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut $ty {
-        let &$thing(ref mut dat) = self;
+                let &mut $thing(ref mut dat) = self;
                 dat.as_mut_ptr()
             }
 
@@ -109,8 +81,8 @@ macro_rules! impl_array_newtype {
                     use std::intrinsics::copy_nonoverlapping;
                     use std::mem;
                     let mut ret: $thing = mem::uninitialized();
-          copy_nonoverlapping(ret.as_mut_ptr(),
+                    copy_nonoverlapping(data.as_ptr(),
-                              data.as_ptr(),
+                                        ret.as_mut_ptr(),
                                         mem::size_of::<$thing>());
                     ret
                 }
@@ -133,7 +105,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_array_newtype {
             #[inline]
             fn index(&self, index: ::std::ops::Range<usize>) -> &[$ty] {
                 let &$thing(ref dat) = self;
-                &dat[index.start..index.end]
+                &dat[index]
             }
         }
 
@@ -143,7 +115,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_array_newtype {
             #[inline]
             fn index(&self, index: ::std::ops::RangeTo<usize>) -> &[$ty] {
                 let &$thing(ref dat) = self;
-                &dat[..index.end]
+                &dat[index]
             }
         }
 
@@ -153,7 +125,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_array_newtype {
             #[inline]
             fn index(&self, index: ::std::ops::RangeFrom<usize>) -> &[$ty] {
                 let &$thing(ref dat) = self;
-                &dat[index.start..]
+                &dat[index]
             }
         }
 
@@ -170,7 +142,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_array_newtype {
         impl PartialEq for $thing {
             #[inline]
             fn eq(&self, other: &$thing) -> bool {
-        self.as_slice() == other.as_slice()
+                &self[..] == &other[..]
             }
         }
 
@@ -179,7 +151,24 @@ macro_rules! impl_array_newtype {
         impl Clone for $thing {
             #[inline]
             fn clone(&self) -> $thing {
-        $thing::from_slice(self.as_slice())
+                $thing::from_slice(&self[..])
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl ::std::hash::Hash for $thing {
+            #[inline]
+            fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)
+                where H: ::std::hash::Hasher
+            {
+                (&self[..]).hash(state);
+            }
+
+            fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[$thing], state: &mut H)
+                where H: ::std::hash::Hasher
+            {
+                for d in data.iter() {
+                    (&d[..]).hash(state);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -209,7 +198,10 @@ macro_rules! impl_array_newtype_encodable {
                             use std::mem;
                             let mut ret: [$ty; $len] = mem::uninitialized();
                             for i in 0..$len {
-                ret[i] = try!(v.visit());
+                                ret[i] = match try!(v.visit()) {
+                                    Some(c) => c,
+                                    None => return Err(::serde::de::Error::end_of_stream_error())
+                                };
                             }
                             Ok($thing(ret))
                         }
@@ -236,7 +228,17 @@ macro_rules! impl_array_newtype_show {
     ($thing:ident) => {
         impl ::std::fmt::Debug for $thing {
             fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, concat!(stringify!($thing), "({})"), self.as_slice())
+                write!(f, concat!(stringify!($thing), "({:?})"), &self[..])
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! display_from_debug {
+    ($thing:ident) => {
+        impl ::std::fmt::Display for $thing {
+            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), ::std::fmt::Error> {
+                ::std::fmt::Debug::fmt(self, f)
             }
         }
     }

src/macros.rs

@@ -98,6 +98,14 @@ macro_rules! user_enum {
       }
     }
 
+    impl ::std::fmt::Display for $name {
+      fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
+        f.pad(match *self {
+          $($elem => $txt),*
+        })
+      }
+    }
+
     impl ::serde::Deserialize for $name {
       #[inline]
       fn deserialize<D>(d: &mut D) -> Result<$name, D::Error>

src/network/address.rs

@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ impl<D: SimpleDecoder> ConsensusDecodable<D> for Address {
 impl fmt::Debug for Address {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
     // TODO: render services and hex-ize address
-    write!(f, "Address {{services: {}, address: {}, port: {}}}",
+    write!(f, "Address {{services: {:?}, address: {:?}, port: {:?}}}",
-              self.services, self.address.as_slice(), self.port)
+              self.services, &self.address[..], self.port)
   }
 }
 
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ impl Clone for Address {
       use std::intrinsics::copy_nonoverlapping;
       use std::mem;
       let mut ret = mem::uninitialized();
-      copy_nonoverlapping(&mut ret,
+      copy_nonoverlapping(self,
-                          self,
+                          &mut ret,
                           mem::size_of::<Address>());
       ret
     }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl Clone for Address {
 impl PartialEq for Address {
   fn eq(&self, other: &Address) -> bool {
     self.services == other.services &&
-    self.address.as_slice() == other.address.as_slice() &&
+    &self.address[..] == &other.address[..] &&
     self.port == other.port
   }
 }
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl Eq for Address {}
 mod test {
   use super::Address;
 
-  use std::io::IoResult;
+  use std::io;
 
   use network::serialize::{deserialize, serialize};
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ mod test {
 
   #[test]
   fn deserialize_address_test() {
-    let mut addr: IoResult<Address> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    let mut addr: io::Result<Address> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                                                        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0a, 0,
                                                        0, 1, 0x20, 0x8d]);
     assert!(addr.is_ok());

src/network/constants.rs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub fn magic(network: Network) -> u32 {
     match network {
         Network::Bitcoin => 0xD9B4BEF9,
         Network::Testnet => 0x0709110B
-    // Note: any new entries here must be added to `deserialize` below
+        // Note: any new entries here must be added to `consensus_decode` below
     }
 }
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl<D: SimpleDecoder> ConsensusDecodable<D> for Network {
         match magic {
             0xD9B4BEF9 => Ok(Network::Bitcoin),
             0x0709110B => Ok(Network::Testnet),
-      x => Err(d.error(format!("Unknown network (magic {:x})", x).as_slice()))
+            x => Err(d.error(format!("Unknown network (magic {:x})", x)))
         }
     }
 }

src/network/encodable.rs

@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::default::Default;
-use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use std::collections::hash_state::HashState;
 use std::u32;
 
 use util::hash::Sha256dHash;
@@ -91,12 +92,11 @@ impl<S: SimpleEncoder> ConsensusEncodable<S> for i64 {
 impl<S: SimpleEncoder> ConsensusEncodable<S> for VarInt {
     #[inline]
     fn consensus_encode(&self, s: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error> {
-    let &VarInt(n) = self;
+        match self.0 {
-    match n {
+            0...0xFC             => { (self.0 as u8).consensus_encode(s) }
-      0...0xFC             => { (n as u8).consensus_encode(s) }
+            0xFD...0xFFFF        => { try!(s.emit_u8(0xFD)); (self.0 as u16).consensus_encode(s) }
-      0xFD...0xFFFF        => { try!(s.emit_u8(0xFD)); (n as u16).consensus_encode(s) }
+            0x10000...0xFFFFFFFF => { try!(s.emit_u8(0xFE)); (self.0 as u32).consensus_encode(s) }
-      0x10000...0xFFFFFFFF => { try!(s.emit_u8(0xFE)); (n as u32).consensus_encode(s) }
+            _                    => { try!(s.emit_u8(0xFF)); (self.0 as u64).consensus_encode(s) }
-      _                    => { try!(s.emit_u8(0xFF)); (n as u64).consensus_encode(s) }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -166,7 +166,8 @@ impl<S: SimpleEncoder> ConsensusEncodable<S> for String {
 impl<D: SimpleDecoder> ConsensusDecodable<D> for String {
     #[inline]
     fn consensus_decode(d: &mut D) -> Result<String, D::Error> {
-    String::from_utf8(try!(ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(d))).map_err(|_| d.error("String was not valid UTF8"))
+        String::from_utf8(try!(ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(d)))
+            .map_err(|_| d.error("String was not valid UTF8".to_string()))
     }
 }
 
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ impl<'a, S: SimpleEncoder, T: ConsensusEncodable<S>> ConsensusEncodable<S> for &
 // Vectors
 impl<S: SimpleEncoder, T: ConsensusEncodable<S>> ConsensusEncodable<S> for Vec<T> {
     #[inline]
-  fn consensus_encode(&self, s: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error> { self.as_slice().consensus_encode(s) }
+    fn consensus_encode(&self, s: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error> { (&self[..]).consensus_encode(s) }
 }
 
 impl<D: SimpleDecoder, T: ConsensusDecodable<D>> ConsensusDecodable<D> for Vec<T> {
@@ -285,11 +286,10 @@ fn sha2_checksum(data: &[u8]) -> [u8; 4] {
 impl<S: SimpleEncoder> ConsensusEncodable<S> for CheckedData {
     #[inline]
     fn consensus_encode(&self, s: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error> {
-    let &CheckedData(ref data) = self;
+        try!((self.0.len() as u32).consensus_encode(s));
-    try!((data.len() as u32).consensus_encode(s));
+        try!(sha2_checksum(&self.0).consensus_encode(s));
-    try!(sha2_checksum(data.as_slice()).consensus_encode(s));
         // We can't just pass to the slice encoder since it'll insert a length
-    for ch in data.iter() {
+        for ch in self.0.iter() {
             try!(ch.consensus_encode(s));
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -303,9 +303,9 @@ impl<D: SimpleDecoder> ConsensusDecodable<D> for CheckedData {
         let checksum: [u8; 4] = try!(ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(d));
         let mut ret = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
         for _ in 0..len { ret.push(try!(ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(d))); }
-    let expected_checksum = sha2_checksum(ret.as_slice());
+        let expected_checksum = sha2_checksum(&ret);
         if expected_checksum != checksum {
-      Err(d.error("bad checksum"))
+            Err(d.error(format!("bad checksum {:?} (expected {:?})", checksum, expected_checksum)))
         } else {
             Ok(CheckedData(ret))
         }
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ impl<D: SimpleDecoder, T: ConsensusDecodable<D>> ConsensusDecodable<D> for Box<T
 // HashMap
 impl<S, K, V, H> ConsensusEncodable<S> for HashMap<K, V, H>
     where S: SimpleEncoder,
-        H: Hasher + Default,
+                H: HashState + Default,
                 K: ConsensusEncodable<S> + Eq + Hash,
                 V: ConsensusEncodable<S>
 {
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ impl<S, K, V, H> ConsensusEncodable<S> for HashMap<K, V, H>
 
 impl<D, K, V, H> ConsensusDecodable<D> for HashMap<K, V, H>
     where D: SimpleDecoder,
-        H: Hasher + Default,
+                H: HashState + Default,
                 K: ConsensusDecodable<D> + Eq + Hash,
                 V: ConsensusDecodable<D>
 {
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ impl<D, K, V, H> ConsensusDecodable<D> for HashMap<K, V, H>
     fn consensus_decode(d: &mut D) -> Result<HashMap<K, V, H>, D::Error> {
         let VarInt(len): VarInt = try!(ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(d));
 
-    let mut ret = HashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(len as usize, Default::default());
+        let mut ret = HashMap::with_capacity_and_hash_state(len as usize, Default::default());
         for _ in 0..len {
             ret.insert(try!(ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(d)),
                                  try!(ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(d)));
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ impl<D, K, V, H> ConsensusDecodable<D> for HashMap<K, V, H>
 mod tests {
     use super::{CheckedData, VarInt};
 
-  use std::io::IoResult;
+    use std::io;
 
     use network::serialize::{deserialize, serialize};
 
@@ -499,29 +499,29 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(deserialize(vec![0x01u8, 0x02]), Ok(0x0201u16));
         assert_eq!(deserialize(vec![0xABu8, 0xCD]), Ok(0xCDABu16));
         assert_eq!(deserialize(vec![0xA0u8, 0x0D]), Ok(0xDA0u16));
-    let failure16: IoResult<u16> = deserialize(vec![1u8]);
+        let failure16: io::Result<u16> = deserialize(vec![1u8]);
         assert!(failure16.is_err());
 
         // u32
         assert_eq!(deserialize(vec![0xABu8, 0xCD, 0, 0]), Ok(0xCDABu32));
         assert_eq!(deserialize(vec![0xA0u8, 0x0D, 0xAB, 0xCD]), Ok(0xCDAB0DA0u32));
-    let failure32: IoResult<u32> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 2, 3]);
+        let failure32: io::Result<u32> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 2, 3]);
         assert!(failure32.is_err());
         // TODO: test negative numbers
         assert_eq!(deserialize(vec![0xABu8, 0xCD, 0, 0]), Ok(0xCDABi32));
         assert_eq!(deserialize(vec![0xA0u8, 0x0D, 0xAB, 0x2D]), Ok(0x2DAB0DA0i32));
-    let failurei32: IoResult<i32> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 2, 3]);
+        let failurei32: io::Result<i32> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 2, 3]);
         assert!(failurei32.is_err());
 
         // u64
         assert_eq!(deserialize(vec![0xABu8, 0xCD, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), Ok(0xCDABu64));
         assert_eq!(deserialize(vec![0xA0u8, 0x0D, 0xAB, 0xCD, 0x99, 0, 0, 0x99]), Ok(0x99000099CDAB0DA0u64));
-    let failure64: IoResult<u64> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
+        let failure64: io::Result<u64> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
         assert!(failure64.is_err());
         // TODO: test negative numbers
         assert_eq!(deserialize(vec![0xABu8, 0xCD, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), Ok(0xCDABi64));
         assert_eq!(deserialize(vec![0xA0u8, 0x0D, 0xAB, 0xCD, 0x99, 0, 0, 0x99]), Ok(-0x66ffff663254f260i64));
-    let failurei64: IoResult<i64> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
+        let failurei64: io::Result<i64> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
         assert!(failurei64.is_err());
     }
 
@@ -538,15 +538,15 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn deserialize_checkeddata_test() {
-    let cd: IoResult<CheckedData> = deserialize(vec![5u8, 0, 0, 0, 162, 107, 175, 90, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+        let cd: io::Result<CheckedData> = deserialize(vec![5u8, 0, 0, 0, 162, 107, 175, 90, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
         assert_eq!(cd, Ok(CheckedData(vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5])));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn deserialize_option_test() {
-    let none: IoResult<Option<u8>> = deserialize(vec![0u8]);
+        let none: io::Result<Option<u8>> = deserialize(vec![0u8]);
-    let good: IoResult<Option<u8>> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 0xFF]);
+        let good: io::Result<Option<u8>> = deserialize(vec![1u8, 0xFF]);
-    let bad: IoResult<Option<u8>> = deserialize(vec![2u8]);
+        let bad: io::Result<Option<u8>> = deserialize(vec![2u8]);
         assert!(bad.is_err());
         assert_eq!(none, Ok(None));
         assert_eq!(good, Ok(Some(0xFF)));
@@ -554,8 +554,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn deserialize_box_test() {
-    let zero: IoResult<Box<u8>> = deserialize(vec![0u8]);
+        let zero: io::Result<Box<u8>> = deserialize(vec![0u8]);
-    let one: IoResult<Box<u8>> = deserialize(vec![1u8]);
+        let one: io::Result<Box<u8>> = deserialize(vec![1u8]);
         assert_eq!(zero, Ok(Box::new(0)));
         assert_eq!(one, Ok(Box::new(1)));
     }

src/network/listener.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use network::constants::Network;
 use network::message;
 use network::message::NetworkMessage::Verack;
 use network::socket::Socket;
+use util;
 
 /// A message which can be sent on the Bitcoin network
 pub trait Listener {
@@ -35,13 +36,11 @@ pub trait Listener {
     /// Return the network this `Listener` is operating on
     fn network(&self) -> Network;
     /// Main listen loop
-  fn start(&self) -> io::Result<(Receiver<message::SocketResponse>, Socket)> {
+    fn start(&self) -> Result<(Receiver<message::SocketResponse>, Socket), util::Error> {
         // Open socket
         let mut ret_sock = Socket::new(self.network());
-    match ret_sock.connect(self.peer(), self.port()) {
+        if let Err(e) = ret_sock.connect(self.peer(), self.port()) {
-      Ok(_) => {},
+            return Err(util::Error::Detail("listener".to_string(), Box::new(e)));
-      Err(_) => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::ConnectionFailed,
-                                          "Listener connection failed", None))
         }
         let mut sock = ret_sock.clone();
 

src/network/message.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use network::message_blockdata;
 use network::encodable::{ConsensusDecodable, ConsensusEncodable};
 use network::encodable::CheckedData;
 use network::serialize::{serialize, RawDecoder, SimpleEncoder, SimpleDecoder};
-use util::misc::prepend_err;
+use util::{self, propagate_err};
 
 /// Serializer for command string
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub enum SocketResponse {
     /// A message was received
     MessageReceived(NetworkMessage),
     /// An error occured and the socket needs to close
-  ConnectionFailed(io::Error, Sender<()>)
+    ConnectionFailed(util::Error, Sender<()>)
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -156,34 +156,30 @@ impl<S: SimpleEncoder> ConsensusEncodable<S> for RawNetworkMessage {
     }
 }
 
-impl<D: SimpleDecoder<Error=io::Error>> ConsensusDecodable<D> for RawNetworkMessage {
+// TODO: restriction on D::Error is so that `propagate_err` will work;
-  fn consensus_decode(d: &mut D) -> io::Result<RawNetworkMessage> {
+//       is there a more generic way to handle this?
+impl<D: SimpleDecoder<Error=util::Error>> ConsensusDecodable<D> for RawNetworkMessage {
+    fn consensus_decode(d: &mut D) -> Result<RawNetworkMessage, D::Error> {
         let magic = try!(ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(d));
         let CommandString(cmd): CommandString= try!(ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(d));
         let CheckedData(raw_payload): CheckedData = try!(ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(d));
 
         let mut mem_d = RawDecoder::new(Cursor::new(raw_payload));
         let payload = match cmd.as_slice() {
-      "version" => NetworkMessage::Version(try!(prepend_err("version", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "version" => NetworkMessage::Version(try!(propagate_err("version".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
             "verack"  => NetworkMessage::Verack,
-      "addr"    => NetworkMessage::Addr(try!(prepend_err("addr", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "addr"    => NetworkMessage::Addr(try!(propagate_err("addr".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
-      "inv"     => NetworkMessage::Inv(try!(prepend_err("inv", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "inv"     => NetworkMessage::Inv(try!(propagate_err("inv".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
-      "getdata" => NetworkMessage::GetData(try!(prepend_err("getdata", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "getdata" => NetworkMessage::GetData(try!(propagate_err("getdata".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
-      "notfound" => NetworkMessage::NotFound(try!(prepend_err("notfound", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "notfound" => NetworkMessage::NotFound(try!(propagate_err("notfound".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
-      "getblocks" => NetworkMessage::GetBlocks(try!(prepend_err("getblocks", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "getblocks" => NetworkMessage::GetBlocks(try!(propagate_err("getblocks".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
-      "getheaders" => NetworkMessage::GetHeaders(try!(prepend_err("getheaders", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "getheaders" => NetworkMessage::GetHeaders(try!(propagate_err("getheaders".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
-      "block"   => NetworkMessage::Block(try!(prepend_err("block", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "block"   => NetworkMessage::Block(try!(propagate_err("block".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
-      "headers" => NetworkMessage::Headers(try!(prepend_err("headers", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "headers" => NetworkMessage::Headers(try!(propagate_err("headers".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
-      "ping"    => NetworkMessage::Ping(try!(prepend_err("ping", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "ping"    => NetworkMessage::Ping(try!(propagate_err("ping".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
-      "pong"    => NetworkMessage::Ping(try!(prepend_err("pong", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "pong"    => NetworkMessage::Ping(try!(propagate_err("pong".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
-      "tx"      => NetworkMessage::Tx(try!(prepend_err("tx", ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
+            "tx"      => NetworkMessage::Tx(try!(propagate_err("tx".to_string(), ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut mem_d)))),
-      cmd => {
+            cmd => return Err(d.error(format!("unrecognized network command `{}`", cmd)))
-        return Err(io::Error {
-                     kind: io::ErrorKind::OtherError,
-                     desc: "unknown message type",
-                     detail: Some(format!("`{}` not recognized", cmd))
-                  });
-      }
         };
         Ok(RawNetworkMessage {
             magic: magic,
@@ -194,9 +190,9 @@ impl<D: SimpleDecoder<Error=io::Error>> ConsensusDecodable<D> for RawNetworkMess
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-  use super::{RawNetworkMessage, CommandString, Verack, Ping};
+    use super::{RawNetworkMessage, NetworkMessage, CommandString};
 
-  use std::io::io::Result;
+    use std::io::Result;
 
     use network::serialize::{deserialize, serialize};
 
@@ -218,7 +214,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn serialize_verack_test() {
-    assert_eq!(serialize(&RawNetworkMessage { magic: 0xd9b4bef9, payload: Verack }),
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&RawNetworkMessage { magic: 0xd9b4bef9, payload: NetworkMessage::Verack }),
                              Ok(vec![0xf9, 0xbe, 0xb4, 0xd9, 0x76, 0x65, 0x72, 0x61,
                              0x63, 0x6B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                              0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5d, 0xf6, 0xe0, 0xe2]));
@@ -226,7 +222,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn serialize_ping_test() {
-    assert_eq!(serialize(&RawNetworkMessage { magic: 0xd9b4bef9, payload: Ping(100) }),
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&RawNetworkMessage { magic: 0xd9b4bef9, payload: NetworkMessage::Ping(100) }),
                              Ok(vec![0xf9, 0xbe, 0xb4, 0xd9, 0x70, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67,
                              0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                              0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x67, 0xf1, 0x1d,

src/network/message_blockdata.rs

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ impl<D: SimpleDecoder> ConsensusDecodable<D> for Inventory {
 mod tests {
   use super::{GetHeadersMessage, GetBlocksMessage};
 
-  use std::io::IoResult;
+  use std::io;
   use serialize::hex::FromHex;
 
   use network::serialize::{deserialize, serialize};
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ mod tests {
     let from_sat = "72110100014a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000".from_hex().unwrap();
     let genhash = "4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b".from_hex().unwrap();
 
-    let decode: IoResult<GetBlocksMessage> = deserialize(from_sat.clone());
+    let decode: io::Result<GetBlocksMessage> = deserialize(from_sat.clone());
     assert!(decode.is_ok());
     let real_decode = decode.unwrap();
     assert_eq!(real_decode.version, 70002);
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ mod tests {
     let from_sat = "72110100014a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000".from_hex().unwrap();
     let genhash = "4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b".from_hex().unwrap();
 
-    let decode: IoResult<GetHeadersMessage> = deserialize(from_sat.clone());
+    let decode: io::Result<GetHeadersMessage> = deserialize(from_sat.clone());
     assert!(decode.is_ok());
     let real_decode = decode.unwrap();
     assert_eq!(real_decode.version, 70002);

src/network/message_network.rs

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use std::io;
 use network::constants;
 use network::address::Address;
 use network::socket::Socket;
+use util;
 
 /// Some simple messages
 
@@ -54,24 +55,16 @@ pub struct VersionMessage {
 impl VersionMessage {
     // TODO: we have fixed services and relay to 0
     /// Constructs a new `version` message
-  pub fn new(timestamp: i64, mut socket: Socket, nonce: u64, start_height: i32) -> io::Result<VersionMessage> {
+    pub fn new(timestamp: i64, mut socket: Socket, nonce: u64, start_height: i32) -> Result<VersionMessage, util::Error> {
-    let recv_addr = socket.receiver_address();
+        let recv_addr = try!(socket.receiver_address());
-    let send_addr = socket.sender_address();
+        let send_addr = try!(socket.sender_address());
-    // If we are not connected, we might not be able to get these address.s
+
-    match recv_addr {
-      Err(e) => { return Err(e); }
-      _ => {}
-    }
-    match send_addr {
-      Err(e) => { return Err(e); }
-      _ => {}
-    }
         Ok(VersionMessage {
             version: constants::PROTOCOL_VERSION,
             services: socket.services,
             timestamp: timestamp,
-      receiver: recv_addr.unwrap(),
+            receiver: recv_addr,
-      sender: send_addr.unwrap(),
+            sender: send_addr,
             nonce: nonce,
             user_agent: socket.user_agent,
             start_height: start_height,

src/network/serialize.rs

@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@
 
 use collections::Vec;
 use std::io::{self, Cursor, Read, Write};
+use byteorder::{LittleEndian, WriteBytesExt, ReadBytesExt};
 use serialize::hex::ToHex;
 
 use network::encodable::{ConsensusDecodable, ConsensusEncodable};
 use util::hash::Sha256dHash;
+use util;
 
 /// Objects which are referred to by hash
 pub trait BitcoinHash {
@@ -33,26 +35,33 @@ pub trait BitcoinHash {
 }
 
 impl BitcoinHash for Vec<u8> {
+    #[inline]
     fn bitcoin_hash(&self) -> Sha256dHash {
-    Sha256dHash::from_data(self.as_slice())
+        Sha256dHash::from_data(&self[..])
     }
 }
 
 /// Encode an object into a vector
-pub fn serialize<T: ConsensusEncodable<RawEncoder<Cursor<Vec<u8>>>>>(obj: &T) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+pub fn serialize<T>(data: &T) -> Result<Vec<u8>, util::Error>
+     where T: ConsensusEncodable<RawEncoder<Cursor<Vec<u8>>>>,
+{
     let mut encoder = RawEncoder::new(Cursor::new(vec![]));
-  try!(obj.consensus_encode(&mut encoder));
+    try!(data.consensus_encode(&mut encoder));
-  Ok(encoder.unwrap().unwrap())
+    Ok(encoder.into_inner().into_inner())
 }
 
 /// Encode an object into a hex-encoded string
-pub fn serialize_hex<T: ConsensusEncodable<RawEncoder<Cursor<Vec<u8>>>>>(obj: &T) -> io::Result<String> {
+pub fn serialize_hex<T>(data: &T) -> Result<String, util::Error>
-  let serial = try!(serialize(obj));
+     where T: ConsensusEncodable<RawEncoder<Cursor<Vec<u8>>>>
-  Ok(serial.as_slice().to_hex())
+{
+    let serial = try!(serialize(data));
+    Ok(serial.to_hex())
 }
 
 /// Deserialize an object from a vector
-pub fn deserialize<T: ConsensusDecodable<RawDecoder<Cursor<Vec<u8>>>>>(data: Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<T> {
+pub fn deserialize<'a, T>(data: &'a [u8]) -> Result<T, util::Error>
+     where T: ConsensusDecodable<RawDecoder<Cursor<&'a [u8]>>>
+{
     let mut decoder = RawDecoder::new(Cursor::new(data));
     ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut decoder)
 }
@@ -67,28 +76,18 @@ pub struct RawDecoder<R> {
     reader: R
 }
 
-impl<W:Write> RawEncoder<W> {
+impl<W: Write> RawEncoder<W> {
     /// Constructor
-  pub fn new(writer: W) -> RawEncoder<W> {
+    pub fn new(writer: W) -> RawEncoder<W> { RawEncoder { writer: writer } }
-    RawEncoder { writer: writer }
-  }
-
     /// Returns the underlying Writer
-  pub fn unwrap(self) -> W {
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> W { self.writer }
-    self.writer
-  }
 }
 
-impl<R:Read> RawDecoder<R> {
+impl<R: Read> RawDecoder<R> {
   /// Constructor
-  pub fn new(reader: R) -> RawDecoder<R> {
+  pub fn new(reader: R) -> RawDecoder<R> { RawDecoder { reader: reader } }
-    RawDecoder { reader: reader }
-  }
-
   /// Returns the underlying Reader
-  pub fn unwrap(self) -> R {
+  pub fn into_inner(self) -> R { self.reader }
-    self.reader
-  }
 }
 
 /// A simple Encoder trait
@@ -143,67 +142,80 @@ pub trait SimpleDecoder {
   fn read_bool(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Self::Error>;
 
   /// Signal a decoding error
-  fn error(&mut self, err: &str) -> Self::Error;
+  fn error(&mut self, err: String) -> Self::Error;
 }
 
-// TODO: trait reform: impl SimpleEncoder for every Encoder, ditto for Decoder
+macro_rules! encoder_fn {
+    ($name:ident, $val_type:ty, $writefn:ident) => {
+        #[inline]
+        fn $name(&mut self, v: $val_type) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
+            self.writer.$writefn::<LittleEndian>(v).map_err(util::Error::ByteOrder)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! decoder_fn {
+    ($name:ident, $val_type:ty, $readfn:ident) => {
+        #[inline]
+        fn $name(&mut self) -> Result<$val_type, util::Error> {
+            self.reader.$readfn::<LittleEndian>().map_err(util::Error::ByteOrder)
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 impl<W: Write> SimpleEncoder for RawEncoder<W> {
-  type Error = io::Error;
+    type Error = util::Error;
+
+    encoder_fn!(emit_u64, u64, write_u64);
+    encoder_fn!(emit_u32, u32, write_u32);
+    encoder_fn!(emit_u16, u16, write_u16);
+    encoder_fn!(emit_i64, i64, write_i64);
+    encoder_fn!(emit_i32, i32, write_i32);
+    encoder_fn!(emit_i16, i16, write_i16);
 
     #[inline]
-  fn emit_u64(&mut self, v: u64) -> io::Result<()> { self.writer.write_le_u64(v) }
+    fn emit_i8(&mut self, v: i8) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
+        self.writer.write_i8(v).map_err(util::Error::ByteOrder)
+    }
     #[inline]
-  fn emit_u32(&mut self, v: u32) -> io::Result<()> { self.writer.write_le_u32(v) }
+    fn emit_u8(&mut self, v: u8) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
+        self.writer.write_u8(v).map_err(util::Error::ByteOrder)
+    }
     #[inline]
-  fn emit_u16(&mut self, v: u16) -> io::Result<()> { self.writer.write_le_u16(v) }
+    fn emit_bool(&mut self, v: bool) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
-  #[inline]
+        self.writer.write_i8(if v {1} else {0}).map_err(util::Error::ByteOrder)
-  fn emit_u8(&mut self, v: u8) -> io::Result<()> { self.writer.write_u8(v) }
+    }
-
-  #[inline]
-  fn emit_i64(&mut self, v: i64) -> io::Result<()> { self.writer.write_le_i64(v) }
-  #[inline]
-  fn emit_i32(&mut self, v: i32) -> io::Result<()> { self.writer.write_le_i32(v) }
-  #[inline]
-  fn emit_i16(&mut self, v: i16) -> io::Result<()> { self.writer.write_le_i16(v) }
-  #[inline]
-  fn emit_i8(&mut self, v: i8) -> io::Result<()> { self.writer.write_i8(v) }
-
-  #[inline]
-  fn emit_bool(&mut self, v: bool) -> io::Result<()> { self.writer.write_i8(if v {1} else {0}) }
 }
 
 impl<R: Read> SimpleDecoder for RawDecoder<R> {
-  type Error = io::Error;
+    type Error = util::Error;
+
+    decoder_fn!(read_u64, u64, read_u64);
+    decoder_fn!(read_u32, u32, read_u32);
+    decoder_fn!(read_u16, u16, read_u16);
+    decoder_fn!(read_i64, i64, read_i64);
+    decoder_fn!(read_i32, i32, read_i32);
+    decoder_fn!(read_i16, i16, read_i16);
 
     #[inline]
-  fn read_u64(&mut self) -> io::Result<u64> { self.reader.read_le_u64() }
+    fn read_u8(&mut self) -> Result<u8, util::Error> {
-  #[inline]
+        self.reader.read_u8().map_err(util::Error::ByteOrder)
-  fn read_u32(&mut self) -> io::Result<u32> { self.reader.read_le_u32() }
-  #[inline]
-  fn read_u16(&mut self) -> io::Result<u16> { self.reader.read_le_u16() }
-  #[inline]
-  fn read_u8(&mut self) -> io::Result<u8> { self.reader.read_u8() }
-
-  #[inline]
-  fn read_i64(&mut self) -> io::Result<i64> { self.reader.read_le_i64() }
-  #[inline]
-  fn read_i32(&mut self) -> io::Result<i32> { self.reader.read_le_i32() }
-  #[inline]
-  fn read_i16(&mut self) -> io::Result<i16> { self.reader.read_le_i16() }
-  #[inline]
-  fn read_i8(&mut self) -> io::Result<i8> { self.reader.read_i8() }
-
-  #[inline]
-  fn read_bool(&mut self) -> io::Result<bool> { self.reader.read_u8().map(|res| res != 0) }
-
-  #[inline]
-  fn error(&mut self, err: &str) -> io::Error {
-    io::Error {
-      kind: io::ErrorKind::OtherError,
-      desc: "parse error",
-      detail: Some(err.to_string())
     }
+    #[inline]
+    fn read_i8(&mut self) -> Result<i8, util::Error> {
+        self.reader.read_i8().map_err(util::Error::ByteOrder)
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn read_bool(&mut self) -> Result<bool, util::Error> {
+        match self.reader.read_i8() {
+            Ok(bit) => Ok(bit != 0),
+            Err(e) => Err(util::Error::ByteOrder(e))
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn error(&mut self, err: String) -> util::Error {
+        util::Error::Detail(err, Box::new(util::Error::ParseFailed))
     }
 }
 

src/network/socket.rs

@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@
 
 use time::now;
 use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
-use std::io::Cursor;
+use std::io::{self, Cursor, Write};
-use std::io::{Error, Result, ErrorKind};
 use std::net::{ip, tcp};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ use network::message::{RawNetworkMessage, NetworkMessage};
 use network::message::NetworkMessage::Version;
 use network::message_network::VersionMessage;
 use network::serialize::{RawEncoder, RawDecoder};
-use util::misc::prepend_err;
+use util::{self, propagate_err};
 
 /// Format an IP address in the 16-byte bitcoin protocol serialization
 fn ipaddr_to_bitcoin_addr(ipaddr: &ip::IpAddr) -> [u16; 8] {
@@ -44,14 +43,8 @@ fn ipaddr_to_bitcoin_addr(ipaddr: &ip::IpAddr) -> [u16; 8] {
 /// A network socket along with information about the peer
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Socket {
-  /// The underlying socket, which is only used directly to (a) get
+  /// The underlying TCP socket
-  /// information about the socket, and (b) to close down the socket,
+  socket: Arc<Mutex<Option<tcp::TcpStream>>>,
-  /// quickly cancelling any read/writes and unlocking the Mutexes.
-  socket: Option<tcp::TcpStream>,
-  /// The underlying network data stream read buffer
-  buffered_reader: Arc<Mutex<Option<tcp::TcpStream>>>,
-  /// The underlying network data stream write buffer
-  buffered_writer: Arc<Mutex<Option<tcp::TcpStream>>>,
   /// Services supported by us
   pub services: u64,
   /// Our user agent
@@ -68,9 +61,7 @@ impl Socket {
     pub fn new(network: constants::Network) -> Socket {
         let mut rng = thread_rng();
         Socket {
-      socket: None,
+            socket: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
-      buffered_reader: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
-      buffered_writer: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
             services: 0,
             version_nonce: rng.gen(),
             user_agent: String::from_str(constants::USER_AGENT),
@@ -78,84 +69,85 @@ impl Socket {
         }
     }
 
-  /// Connect to the peer
+    /// (Re)connect to the peer
-  pub fn connect(&mut self, host: &str, port: u16) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn connect(&mut self, host: &str, port: u16) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
-    // Boot off any lingering readers or writers
+        // Entirely replace the Mutex, in case it was poisoned;
-    if self.socket.is_some() {
+        // this will also drop any preexisting socket that might be open
-      let _ = self.socket.as_mut().unwrap().close_read();
+        match tcp::TcpStream::connect((host, port)) {
-      let _ = self.socket.as_mut().unwrap().close_write();
-    }
-    // These locks should just pop open now
-    let mut reader_lock = self.buffered_reader.lock();
-    let mut writer_lock = self.buffered_writer.lock();
-    match tcp::TcpStream::connect(host, port) {
             Ok(s) => {
-        *reader_lock = Some(s.clone());
+                self.socket = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Some(s)));
-        *writer_lock = Some(s.clone());
-        self.socket = Some(s);
                 Ok(()) 
             }
-      Err(e) => Err(e)
+            Err(e) => {
+                self.socket = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
+                Err(util::Error::Io(e))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn socket(&mut self) -> Result<&mut tcp::TcpStream, util::Error> {
+        let mut sock_lock = self.socket.lock();
+        match sock_lock {
+            Err(_) => {
+                let io_err = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::NotConnected,
+                                            "socket: socket mutex was poisoned");
+                Err(util::Error::Io(io_err))
+            }
+            Ok(guard) => {
+                match *guard {
+                    Some(ref mut sock) => Ok(sock),
+                    None => {
+                        let io_err = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::NotConnected,
+                                                    "socket: not connected to peer");
+                        Err(util::Error::Io(io_err))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
     /// Peer address
-  pub fn receiver_address(&mut self) -> Result<Address> {
+    pub fn receiver_address(&mut self) -> Result<Address, util::Error> {
-    match self.socket {
+        let sock = try!(self.socket());
-      Some(ref mut s) => match s.peer_name() {
+        match sock.peer_addr() {
             Ok(addr) => {
                 Ok(Address {
                     services: self.services,
-            address: ipaddr_to_bitcoin_addr(&addr.ip),
+                    address: ipaddr_to_bitcoin_addr(&addr.ip()),
-            port: addr.port
+                    port: addr.port()
                 })
-        }
-        Err(e) => Err(e)
             },
-      None => Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::NotConnected,
+            Err(e) => Err(util::Error::Io(e))
-                             "receiver_address: not connected to peer", None))
         }
     }
 
     /// Our own address
-  pub fn sender_address(&mut self) -> Result<Address> {
+    pub fn sender_address(&mut self) -> Result<Address, util::Error> {
-    match self.socket {
+        let sock = try!(self.socket());
-      Some(ref mut s) => match s.socket_name() {
+        match sock.local_addr() {
             Ok(addr) => {
                 Ok(Address {
                     services: self.services,
-            address: ipaddr_to_bitcoin_addr(&addr.ip),
+                    address: ipaddr_to_bitcoin_addr(&addr.ip()),
-            port: addr.port
+                    port: addr.port()
                 })
-        }
-        Err(e) => Err(e)
             },
-      None => Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::NotConnected,
+            Err(e) => Err(util::Error::Io(e))
-                             "sender_address: not connected to peer", None))
         }
     }
 
     /// Produce a version message appropriate for this socket
-  pub fn version_message(&mut self, start_height: i32) -> Result<NetworkMessage> {
+    pub fn version_message(&mut self, start_height: i32) -> Result<NetworkMessage, util::Error> {
+        let recv_addr = try!(self.receiver_address());
+        let send_addr = try!(self.sender_address());
         let timestamp = now().to_timespec().sec;
-    let recv_addr = self.receiver_address();
-    let send_addr = self.sender_address();
-    // If we are not connected, we might not be able to get these address.s
-    match recv_addr {
-      Err(e) => { return Err(e); }
-      _ => {}
-    }
-    match send_addr {
-      Err(e) => { return Err(e); }
-      _ => {}
-    }
 
         Ok(Version(VersionMessage {
             version: constants::PROTOCOL_VERSION,
             services: constants::SERVICES,
             timestamp: timestamp,
-      receiver: recv_addr.unwrap(),
+            receiver: recv_addr,
-      sender: send_addr.unwrap(),
+            sender: send_addr,
             nonce: self.version_nonce,
             user_agent: self.user_agent.clone(),
             start_height: start_height,
@@ -164,53 +156,36 @@ impl Socket {
     }
 
     /// Send a general message across the line
-  pub fn send_message(&mut self, payload: NetworkMessage) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn send_message(&mut self, payload: NetworkMessage) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
-    let mut writer_lock = self.buffered_writer.lock();
+        let sock = try!(self.socket());
-    match *writer_lock.deref_mut() {
-      None => Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::NotConnected,
-                             "send_message: not connected to peer", None)),
-      Some(ref mut writer) => {
         let message = RawNetworkMessage { magic: self.magic, payload: payload };
-        try!(message.consensus_encode(&mut RawEncoder::new(writer.by_ref())));
+        try!(message.consensus_encode(&mut RawEncoder::new(sock)));
-        writer.flush()
+        sock.flush().map_err(util::Error::Io)
-      }
-    }
     }
 
     /// Receive the next message from the peer, decoding the network header
     /// and verifying its correctness. Returns the undecoded payload.
-  pub fn receive_message(&mut self) -> Result<NetworkMessage> {
+    pub fn receive_message(&mut self) -> Result<NetworkMessage, util::Error> {
-    let mut reader_lock = self.buffered_reader.lock();
+        let sock = try!(self.socket());
-    match *reader_lock.deref_mut() {
-      None => Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::NotConnected,
-                             "receive_message: not connected to peer", None)),
-      Some(ref mut buf) => {
         // We need a new scope since the closure in here borrows read_err,
         // and we try to read it afterward. Letting `iter` go out fixes it.
-        let mut decoder = RawDecoder::new(buf.by_ref());
+        let mut decoder = RawDecoder::new(sock);
-        let decode: Result<RawNetworkMessage> = ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut decoder);
+        let decode: Result<RawNetworkMessage, _> = ConsensusDecodable::consensus_decode(&mut decoder);
         match decode {
             // Check for parse errors...
             Err(e) => {
-            prepend_err("network_decode", Err(e))
+                propagate_err("receive_message".to_string(), Err(e))
             },
             Ok(ret) => {
                 // Then for magic (this should come before parse error, but we can't
                 // get to it if the deserialization failed). TODO restructure this
                 if ret.magic != self.magic {
-              Err(Error {
+                    Err(util::Error::BadNetworkMagic(self.magic, ret.magic))
-                kind: ErrorKind::OtherError,
-                desc: "bad magic",
-                detail: Some(format!("got magic {:x}, expected {:x}", ret.magic, self.magic)),
-              })
                 } else {
                     Ok(ret.payload)
                 }
             }
         }
     }
-    }
-  }
 }
 
-

src/util/base58.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 //! # Base58 encoder and decoder
 
-use byteorder::{ByteOrder, LittleEndian};
+use byteorder::{ByteOrder, LittleEndian, WriteBytesExt};
 
 use std::str;
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ pub trait FromBase58 {
       return Err(Error::TooShort(ret.len()));
     }
     let ck_start = ret.len() - 4;
-    let expected = Sha256dHash::from_data(ret.slice_to(ck_start)).into_le().low_u32();
+    let expected = Sha256dHash::from_data(&ret[..ck_start]).into_le().low_u32();
     let actual = LittleEndian::read_u32(&ret[ck_start..(ck_start + 4)]);
     if expected != actual {
       return Err(Error::BadChecksum(expected, actual));
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ pub trait FromBase58 {
 /// Directly encode a slice as base58
 pub fn base58_encode_slice(data: &[u8]) -> String {
   // 7/5 is just over log_58(256)
-  let mut scratch = Vec::from_elem(1 + data.len() * 7 / 5, 0u8);
+  let mut scratch = vec![0u8; 1 + data.len() * 7 / 5];
   // Build in base 58
   for &d256 in data.base58_layout().iter() {
     // Compute "X = X * 256 + next_digit" in base 58
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ pub fn base58_encode_slice(data: &[u8]) -> String {
   // Unsafely translate the bytes to a utf8 string
   unsafe {
     // Copy leading zeroes directly
-    let mut ret = str::from_utf8(data.iter().take_while(|&&x| x == 0)
+    let mut ret: Vec<u8> = str::from_utf8(data.iter().take_while(|&&x| x == 0)
                                                     .map(|_|  BASE58_CHARS[0])
-                                                    .collect());
+                                                    .collect()).unwrap();
     // Copy rest of string
     ret.as_mut_vec().extend(scratch.into_iter().skip_while(|&x| x == 0)
                                                .map(|x| BASE58_CHARS[x as usize]));
@@ -149,16 +149,16 @@ pub trait ToBase58 {
 
   /// Obtain a string with the base58 encoding of the object
   fn to_base58(&self) -> String {
-    base58_encode_slice(self.base58_layout().as_slice())
+    base58_encode_slice(&self.base58_layout()[..])
   }
 
   /// Obtain a string with the base58check encoding of the object
   /// (Tack the first 4 256-digits of the object's Bitcoin hash onto the end.)
   fn to_base58check(&self) -> String {
     let mut data = self.base58_layout();
-    let checksum = Sha256dHash::from_data(data.as_slice()).into_le().low_u32();
+    let checksum = Sha256dHash::from_data(&data).into_le().low_u32();
     data.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(checksum);
-    base58_encode_slice(data.as_slice())
+    base58_encode_slice(&data)
   }
 }
 
@@ -168,11 +168,6 @@ impl<'a> ToBase58 for &'a [u8] {
   fn to_base58(&self) -> String { base58_encode_slice(*self) }
 }
 
-impl ToBase58 for Vec<u8> {
-  fn base58_layout(&self) -> Vec<u8> { self.clone() }
-  fn to_base58(&self) -> String { base58_encode_slice(self.as_slice()) }
-}
-
 impl FromBase58 for Vec<u8> {
   fn from_base58_layout(data: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
     Ok(data)

src/util/error.rs

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-// Rust Bitcoin Library
-// Written in 2014 by
-//   Andrew Poelstra <apoelstra@wpsoftware.net>
-//
-// To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all
-// copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to
-// the public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without
-// any warranty.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication
-// along with this software.
-// If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-//
-
-//! # Error codes
-//!
-//! Various utility functions
-
-use std::io;
-
-/// A general error code
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum Error {
-  /// An I/O error
-  InputOutput(io::Error),
-  /// An object was attempted to be added twice
-  DuplicateHash,
-  /// Some operation was attempted on a block (or blockheader) that doesn't exist
-  BlockNotFound,
-  /// An object was added but it does not link into existing history
-  PrevHashNotFound,
-  /// The `target` field of a block header did not match the expected difficulty
-  SpvBadTarget,
-  /// The header hash is not below the target
-  SpvBadProofOfWork
-}
-
-

src/util/hash.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 use std::char::from_digit;
 use std::cmp::min;
 use std::default::Default;
-use std::fmt;
+use std::fmt::{self, Write};
 use std::io::Cursor;
 use std::mem::transmute;
 use std::hash;
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl Ripemd160Hash {
     let mut ret = [0; 20];
     let mut rmd = Ripemd160::new();
     rmd.input(data);
-    rmd.result(ret.as_mut_slice());
+    rmd.result(&mut ret);
     Ripemd160Hash(ret)
   }
 }
@@ -83,10 +83,10 @@ impl Sha256dHash {
     let Sha256dHash(mut ret): Sha256dHash = Default::default();
     let mut sha2 = Sha256::new();
     sha2.input(data);
-    sha2.result(ret.as_mut_slice());
+    sha2.result(&mut ret);
     sha2.reset();
-    sha2.input(ret.as_slice());
+    sha2.input(&ret);
-    sha2.result(ret.as_mut_slice());
+    sha2.result(&mut ret);
     Sha256dHash(ret)
   }
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ impl Sha256dHash {
   pub fn into_le(self) -> Uint256 {
     let Sha256dHash(data) = self;
     let mut ret: [u64; 4] = unsafe { transmute(data) };
-    for x in ret.as_mut_slice().iter_mut() { *x = x.to_le(); }
+    for x in (&mut ret).iter_mut() { *x = x.to_le(); }
     Uint256(ret)
   }
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ impl Sha256dHash {
     let Sha256dHash(mut data) = self;
     data.reverse();
     let mut ret: [u64; 4] = unsafe { transmute(data) };
-    for x in ret.iter_mut() { *x = x.to_be(); }
+    for x in (&mut ret).iter_mut() { *x = x.to_be(); }
     Uint256(ret)
   }
 
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ impl Sha256dHash {
     let &Sha256dHash(data) = self;
     let mut ret = String::with_capacity(64);
     for i in 0..32 {
-      ret.push_char(from_digit((data[i] / 0x10) as usize, 16).unwrap());
+      ret.push(from_digit((data[i] / 0x10) as u32, 16).unwrap());
-      ret.push_char(from_digit((data[i] & 0x0f) as usize, 16).unwrap());
+      ret.push(from_digit((data[i] & 0x0f) as u32, 16).unwrap());
     }
     ret
   }
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ impl Sha256dHash {
     let &Sha256dHash(data) = self;
     let mut ret = String::with_capacity(64);
     for i in (0..32).rev() {
-      ret.push_char(from_digit((data[i] / 0x10) as usize, 16).unwrap());
+      ret.push(from_digit((data[i] / 0x10) as u32, 16).unwrap());
-      ret.push_char(from_digit((data[i] & 0x0f) as usize, 16).unwrap());
+      ret.push(from_digit((data[i] & 0x0f) as u32, 16).unwrap());
     }
     ret
   }
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ impl serde::Deserialize for Sha256dHash {
         if hex_str.len() != 64 {
           return Err(serde::de::Error::syntax_error());
         }
-        let raw_str = try!(hex_str.as_slice().from_hex()
+        let raw_str = try!(hex_str.from_hex()
                              .map_err(|_| serde::de::Error::syntax_error()));
         let mut ret = [0u8; 32];
         for i in 0..32 {
@@ -215,12 +215,10 @@ impl fmt::LowerHex for Sha256dHash {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
     let &Sha256dHash(data) = self;
     let mut rv = [0; 64];
-    let mut hex = data.iter().rev().map(|n| *n).enumerate();
+    for ch in data.iter().rev() {
-    for (i, ch) in hex {
+      try!(write!(f, "{:02x}", ch));
-      rv[2*i]     = from_digit(ch as usize / 16, 16).unwrap() as u8;
-      rv[2*i + 1] = from_digit(ch as usize % 16, 16).unwrap() as u8;
     }
-    f.write(rv.as_slice())
+    Ok(())
   }
 }
 
@@ -249,7 +247,7 @@ impl<'a, T: BitcoinHash> MerkleRoot for &'a [T] {
         let mut encoder = RawEncoder::new(Cursor::new(vec![]));
         data[idx1].consensus_encode(&mut encoder).unwrap();
         data[idx2].consensus_encode(&mut encoder).unwrap();
-        next.push(encoder.unwrap().unwrap().bitcoin_hash());
+        next.push(encoder.unwrap().into_inner().bitcoin_hash());
       }
       merkle_root(next)
     }
@@ -259,7 +257,7 @@ impl<'a, T: BitcoinHash> MerkleRoot for &'a [T] {
 
 impl <T: BitcoinHash> MerkleRoot for Vec<T> {
   fn merkle_root(&self) -> Sha256dHash {
-    self.as_slice().merkle_root()
+    (&self[..]).merkle_root()
   }
 }
 
@@ -303,7 +301,7 @@ mod tests {
       assert!(hash.encode(&mut encoder).is_ok());
     }
     let res = writer.unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(res.as_slice(),
+    assert_eq!(&res.as_slice(),
                "\"56944c5d3f98413ef45cf54545538103cc9f298e0575820ad3591376e2e0f65d\"".as_bytes());
     assert_eq!(json::decode(from_utf8(res.as_slice()).unwrap()), Ok(hash));
   }

src/util/misc.rs

@@ -16,61 +16,47 @@
 //!
 //! Various utility functions
 
-use std::io::{Error, Result, ErrorKind};
-
 use blockdata::opcodes;
+use util::Error;
 use util::iter::Pairable;
 
 /// Convert a hexadecimal-encoded string to its corresponding bytes
-pub fn hex_bytes(s: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+pub fn hex_bytes(s: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
   let mut v = vec![];
   let mut iter = s.chars().pair();
   // Do the parsing
   try!(iter.fold(Ok(()), |e, (f, s)| 
-    if e.is_err() { return e; }
+    if e.is_err() { e }
     else {
       match (f.to_digit(16), s.to_digit(16)) {
-        (None, _) => return Err(Error {
+        (None, _) => Err(Error::Detail(
-          kind: ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+          format!("expected hex, got {:}", f),
-          desc: "invalid hex character",
+          Box::new(Error::ParseFailed)
-          detail: Some(format!("expected hex, got {:}", f))
+        )),
-        }),
+        (_, None) => Err(Error::Detail(
-        (_, None) => return Err(Error {
+          format!("expected hex, got {:}", s),
-          kind: ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+          Box::new(Error::ParseFailed)
-          desc: "invalid hex character",
+        )),
-          detail: Some(format!("expected hex, got {:}", s))
-        }),
         (Some(f), Some(s)) => { v.push((f * 0x10 + s) as u8); Ok(()) }
       }
     }
   ));
   // Check that there was no remainder
   match iter.remainder() {
-    Some(_) => Err(Error {
+    Some(_) => Err(Error::Detail(
-      kind: ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+      format!("hexstring of odd length"),
-      desc: "hexstring of odd length",
+      Box::new(Error::ParseFailed)
-      detail: None
+    )),
-    }),
     None => Ok(v)
   }
 }
 
-/// Prepend the detail of an IoResult's error with some text to get poor man's backtracing
-pub fn prepend_err<T>(s: &str, res: Result<T>) -> Result<T> {
-  res.map_err(|err| {
-    Error {
-      kind: err.kind,
-      desc: err.desc,
-      detail: Some(format!("{}: {}", s, match err.detail { Some(s) => s, None => String::new() }))
-    }
-  })
-}
-
 /// Dump an error message to the screen
-pub fn consume_err<T>(s: &str, res: Result<T>) {
+/// TODO all uses of this should be replaced with some sort of logging infrastructure
+pub fn consume_err<T>(s: &str, res: Result<T, Error>) {
   match res {
     Ok(_) => {},
-    Err(e) => { println!("{}: {}", s, e); }
+    Err(e) => { println!("{}: {:?}", s, e); }
   };
 }
 
@@ -86,8 +72,8 @@ pub fn script_find_and_remove(haystack: &mut Vec<u8>, needle: &[u8]) -> usize {
 
   let mut i = 0;
   while i <= top {
-    if haystack.slice(i, i + needle.len()) == needle {
+    if &haystack[i..(i + needle.len())] == needle {
-      let v = haystack.as_mut_slice();
+      let v = &mut haystack;
       for j in i..top {
         v.swap(j + needle.len(), j);
       }
@@ -158,7 +144,7 @@ mod tests {
 
   #[test]
   fn test_hex_bytes() {
-    assert_eq!(hex_bytes("abcd").unwrap().as_slice(), [171u8, 205].as_slice());
+    assert_eq!(&hex_bytes("abcd").unwrap(), &[171u8, 205]);
     assert!(hex_bytes("abcde").is_err());
     assert!(hex_bytes("aBcDeF").is_ok());
     assert!(hex_bytes("aBcD4eFL").is_err());

src/util/mod.rs

@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@
 //! Functions needed by all parts of the Bitcoin library
 
 pub mod base58;
-pub mod error;
 pub mod hash;
 pub mod iter;
 pub mod misc;
 pub mod patricia_tree;
 pub mod uint;
 
+use byteorder;
+use std::io;
+
 /// A trait which allows numbers to act as fixed-size bit arrays
 pub trait BitArray {
     /// Is bit set?
@@ -39,3 +41,37 @@ pub trait BitArray {
     fn trailing_zeros(&self) -> usize;
 }
 
+/// A general error code
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Error {
+    /// An I/O error
+    Io(io::Error),
+    /// Order from the `byteorder` crate
+    ByteOrder(byteorder::Error),
+    /// Network magic was not what we expected
+    BadNetworkMagic(u32, u32),
+    /// Network message was unrecognized
+    BadNetworkMessage(String),
+    /// An object was attempted to be added twice
+    DuplicateHash,
+    /// Some operation was attempted on a block (or blockheader) that doesn't exist
+    BlockNotFound,
+    /// Parsing error
+    ParseFailed,
+    /// An object was added but it does not link into existing history
+    PrevHashNotFound,
+    /// The `target` field of a block header did not match the expected difficulty
+    SpvBadTarget,
+    /// The header hash is not below the target
+    SpvBadProofOfWork,
+    /// Error propagated from subsystem
+    Detail(String, Box<Error>)
+}
+display_from_debug!(Error);
+
+/// Prepend the detail of an IoResult's error with some text to get poor man's backtracing
+pub fn propagate_err<T>(s: String, res: Result<T, Error>) -> Result<T, Error> {
+    res.map_err(|err| Error::Detail(s, Box::new(err)))
+}
+
+

src/util/patricia_tree.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::marker;
 use std::num::{Zero, One};
-use std::{cmp, ops, ptr};
+use std::{cmp, fmt, ops, ptr};
 
 use network::encodable::{ConsensusDecodable, ConsensusEncodable};
 use network::serialize::{SimpleDecoder, SimpleEncoder};
@@ -39,7 +39,11 @@ pub struct PatriciaTree<K, V> {
 }
 
 impl<K, V> PatriciaTree<K, V>
-  where K: BitArray + cmp::Eq + Zero + One + ops::BitXor<K> + ops::Shl<usize> + ops::Shr<usize>
+  where K: BitArray + cmp::Eq + Zero + One +
+           ops::BitXor<K, Output=K> +
+           ops::Add<K, Output=K> +
+           ops::Shr<usize, Output=K> +
+           ops::Shl<usize, Output=K>
 {
   /// Constructs a new Patricia tree
   pub fn new() -> PatriciaTree<K, V> {
@@ -217,7 +221,10 @@ impl<K, V> PatriciaTree<K, V>
     /// Return value is (deletable, actual return value), where `deletable` is true
     /// is true when the entire node can be deleted (i.e. it has no children)
     fn recurse<K, V>(tree: &mut PatriciaTree<K, V>, key: &K, key_len: usize) -> (bool, Option<V>)
-      where K: BitArray + cmp::Eq + Zero + One + ops::Add<K> + ops::Shr<usize> + ops::Shl<usize>
+      where K: BitArray + cmp::Eq + Zero + One +
+               ops::Add<K, Output=K> +
+               ops::Shr<usize, Output=K> +
+               ops::Shl<usize, Output=K>
     {
       // If the search key is shorter than the node prefix, there is no
       // way we can match, so fail.
@@ -275,7 +282,7 @@ impl<K, V> PatriciaTree<K, V>
         }
         // Otherwise, do it
         let (delete_child, ret) = recurse(&mut **target.as_mut().unwrap(),
-                                          &key.shr(&(tree.skip_len as usize + 1)),
+                                          &(*key >> (tree.skip_len as usize + 1)),
                                           key_len - tree.skip_len as usize - 1);
         if delete_child {
           target.take();
@@ -355,22 +362,22 @@ impl<K, V> PatriciaTree<K, V>
   }
 }
 
-impl<K:BitArray, V:Debug> PatriciaTree<K, V> {
+impl<K:BitArray, V:Debug> Debug for PatriciaTree<K, V> {
   /// Print the entire tree
-  pub fn print<'a>(&'a self) {
+  pub fn fmt<'a>(&'a self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-    fn recurse<'a, K:BitArray, V:Debug>(tree: &'a PatriciaTree<K, V>, depth: usize) {
+    fn recurse<'a, K:BitArray, V:Debug>(tree: &'a PatriciaTree<K, V>, f: &mut fmt::Formatter, depth: usize) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
       for i in 0..tree.skip_len as usize {
-        print!("{:}", if tree.skip_prefix.bit(i) { 1 } else { 0 });
+        try!(write!(f, "{:}", if tree.skip_prefix.bit(i) { 1 } else { 0 }));
       }
-      println!(": {:}", tree.data);
+      try!(writeln!(f, ": {:?}", tree.data));
       // left gets no indentation
       match tree.child_l {
         Some(ref t) => {
           for _ in 0..(depth + tree.skip_len as usize) {
-            print!("-");
+            try!(write!(f, "-"));
           }
-          print!("0");
+          try!(write!(f, "0"));
-          recurse(&**t, depth + tree.skip_len as usize + 1);
+          try!(recurse(&**t, f, depth + tree.skip_len as usize + 1));
         }
         None => { }
       }
@@ -378,15 +385,16 @@ impl<K:BitArray, V:Debug> PatriciaTree<K, V> {
       match tree.child_r {
         Some(ref t) => {
           for _ in 0..(depth + tree.skip_len as usize) {
-            print!("_");
+            try!(write!(f, "_"));
           }
-          print!("1");
+          try!(write!(f, "1"));
-          recurse(&**t, depth + tree.skip_len as usize + 1);
+          try!(recurse(&**t, f, depth + tree.skip_len as usize + 1));
         }
         None => { }
       }
+      Ok(())
     }
-    recurse(self, 0);
+    recurse(self, f, 0);
   }
 }
 
@@ -430,7 +438,7 @@ pub struct Items<'tree, K: 'tree, V: 'tree> {
 }
 
 /// Mutable iterator
-pub struct MutItems<'tree, K, V> {
+pub struct MutItems<'tree, K: 'tree, V: 'tree> {
   started: bool,
   node: *mut PatriciaTree<K, V>,
   parents: Vec<*mut PatriciaTree<K, V>>,
@@ -490,7 +498,7 @@ impl<'a, K, V> Iterator for MutItems<'a, K, V> {
     fn borrow_opt<'a, K, V>(opt_ptr: &'a Option<Box<PatriciaTree<K, V>>>) -> *mut PatriciaTree<K, V> {
       match *opt_ptr {
         Some(ref data) => &**data as *const _ as *mut _,
-        None => ptr::null()
+        None => ptr::null_mut()
       }
     }
 
@@ -498,7 +506,7 @@ impl<'a, K, V> Iterator for MutItems<'a, K, V> {
     // which will be the root node.
     if !self.started {
       unsafe {
-        if self.node.is_not_null() && (*self.node).data.is_some() {
+        if !self.node.is_null() && (*self.node).data.is_some() {
           return (*self.node).data.as_mut();
         }
       }
@@ -506,30 +514,30 @@ impl<'a, K, V> Iterator for MutItems<'a, K, V> {
     }
 
     // Find next data-containing node
-    while self.node.is_not_null() {
+    while !self.node.is_null() {
       // Try to go left
       let child_l = unsafe { borrow_opt(&(*self.node).child_l) };
-      if child_l.is_not_null() {
+      if !child_l.is_null() {
         self.parents.push(self.node);
         self.node = child_l;
       // Try to go right, going back up the tree if necessary
       } else {
-        while self.node.is_not_null() {
+        while !self.node.is_null() {
           let child_r = unsafe { borrow_opt(&(*self.node).child_r) };
-          if child_r.is_not_null() {
+          if !child_r.is_null() {
             self.node = child_r;
             break;
           }
-          self.node = self.parents.pop().unwrap_or(ptr::null());
+          self.node = self.parents.pop().unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
         }
       }
       // Stop if we've found data.
-      if self.node.is_not_null() && unsafe { (*self.node).data.is_some() } {
+      if !self.node.is_null() && unsafe { (*self.node).data.is_some() } {
         break;
       }
     } // end loop
     // Return data
-    if self.node.is_not_null() {
+    if !self.node.is_null() {
       unsafe { (*self.node).data.as_mut() }
     } else { 
       None
@@ -540,7 +548,7 @@ impl<'a, K, V> Iterator for MutItems<'a, K, V> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
   use std::prelude::*;
-  use std::io::IoResult;
+  use std::io;
   use std::num::Zero;
 
   use network::serialize::{deserialize, serialize};
@@ -698,7 +706,7 @@ mod tests {
     // Serialize it
     let serialized = serialize(&tree).unwrap();
     // Deserialize it
-    let deserialized: IoResult<PatriciaTree<Uint128, u32>> = deserialize(serialized);
+    let deserialized: io::Result<PatriciaTree<Uint128, u32>> = deserialize(serialized);
     assert!(deserialized.is_ok());
     let new_tree = deserialized.unwrap();
 

src/util/uint.rs

@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
         for i in 1..$n_words {
           if arr[$n_words - i] > 0 { return (0x40 * ($n_words - i + 1)) - arr[$n_words - i].leading_zeros() as usize; }
         }
-        0x40 - arr[0].leading_zeros()
+        0x40 - arr[0].leading_zeros() as usize
       }
 
       /// Multiplication by u32
-      pub fn mul_u32(&self, other: u32) -> $name {
+      pub fn mul_u32(self, other: u32) -> $name {
-        let &$name(ref arr) = self;
+        let $name(ref arr) = self;
         let mut carry = [0u64; $n_words];
         let mut ret = [0u64; $n_words];
         for i in 0..$n_words {
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
     impl ::std::ops::Add<$name> for $name {
       type Output = $name;
 
-      fn add(&self, other: &$name) -> $name {
+      fn add(self, other: $name) -> $name {
-        let &$name(ref me) = self;
+        let $name(ref me) = self;
-        let &$name(ref you) = other;
+        let $name(ref you) = other;
         let mut ret = [0u64; $n_words];
         let mut carry = [0u64; $n_words];
         let mut b_carry = false;
@@ -114,16 +114,16 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
       type Output = $name;
 
       #[inline]
-      fn sub(&self, other: &$name) -> $name {
+      fn sub(self, other: $name) -> $name {
-        *self + !*other + One::one()
+        self + !other + One::one()
       }
     }
 
     impl ::std::ops::Mul<$name> for $name {
       type Output = $name;
 
-      fn mul(&self, other: &$name) -> $name {
+      fn mul(self, other: $name) -> $name {
-        let mut me = *self;
+        let mut me = self;
         // TODO: be more efficient about this
         for i in 0..(2 * $n_words) {
           me = me + me.mul_u32((other >> (32 * i)).low_u32()) << (32 * i);
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
     impl ::std::ops::Div<$name> for $name {
       type Output = $name;
 
-      fn div(&self, other: &$name) -> $name {
+      fn div(self, other: $name) -> $name {
-        let mut sub_copy = *self;
+        let mut sub_copy = self;
-        let mut shift_copy = *other;
+        let mut shift_copy = other;
         let mut ret = [0u64; $n_words];
     
         let my_bits = self.bits();
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
         loop {
           if sub_copy >= shift_copy {
             ret[shift / 64] |= 1 << (shift % 64);
-            sub_copy = sub_copy.sub(&shift_copy);
+            sub_copy = sub_copy - shift_copy;
           }
           shift_copy = shift_copy >> 1;
           if shift == 0 { break; }
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
 
       #[inline]
       fn bit_slice(&self, start: usize, end: usize) -> $name {
-        (self >> start).mask(end - start)
+        (*self >> start).mask(end - start)
       }
 
       #[inline]
@@ -199,9 +199,9 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
       fn trailing_zeros(&self) -> usize {
         let &$name(ref arr) = self;
         for i in 0..($n_words - 1) {
-          if arr[i] > 0 { return (0x40 * i) + arr[i].trailing_zeros(); }
+          if arr[i] > 0 { return (0x40 * i) + arr[i].trailing_zeros() as usize; }
         }
-        (0x40 * ($n_words - 1)) + arr[3].trailing_zeros()
+        (0x40 * ($n_words - 1)) + arr[3].trailing_zeros() as usize
       }
     }
 
@@ -209,9 +209,9 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
       type Output = $name;
 
       #[inline]
-      fn bitand(&self, other: &$name) -> $name {
+      fn bitand(self, other: $name) -> $name {
-        let &$name(ref arr1) = self;
+        let $name(ref arr1) = self;
-        let &$name(ref arr2) = other;
+        let $name(ref arr2) = other;
         let mut ret = [0u64; $n_words];
         for i in 0..$n_words {
           ret[i] = arr1[i] & arr2[i];
@@ -224,9 +224,9 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
       type Output = $name;
 
       #[inline]
-      fn bitxor(&self, other: &$name) -> $name {
+      fn bitxor(self, other: $name) -> $name {
-        let &$name(ref arr1) = self;
+        let $name(ref arr1) = self;
-        let &$name(ref arr2) = other;
+        let $name(ref arr2) = other;
         let mut ret = [0u64; $n_words];
         for i in 0..$n_words {
           ret[i] = arr1[i] ^ arr2[i];
@@ -239,9 +239,9 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
       type Output = $name;
 
       #[inline]
-      fn bitor(&self, other: &$name) -> $name {
+      fn bitor(self, other: $name) -> $name {
-        let &$name(ref arr1) = self;
+        let $name(ref arr1) = self;
-        let &$name(ref arr2) = other;
+        let $name(ref arr2) = other;
         let mut ret = [0u64; $n_words];
         for i in 0..$n_words {
           ret[i] = arr1[i] | arr2[i];
@@ -254,8 +254,8 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
       type Output = $name;
 
       #[inline]
-      fn not(&self) -> $name {
+      fn not(self) -> $name {
-        let &$name(ref arr) = self;
+        let $name(ref arr) = self;
         let mut ret = [0u64; $n_words];
         for i in 0..$n_words {
           ret[i] = !arr[i];
@@ -267,11 +267,11 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
     impl ::std::ops::Shl<usize> for $name {
       type Output = $name;
 
-      fn shl(&self, shift: &usize) -> $name {
+      fn shl(self, shift: usize) -> $name {
-        let &$name(ref original) = self;
+        let $name(ref original) = self;
         let mut ret = [0u64; $n_words];
-        let word_shift = *shift / 64;
+        let word_shift = shift / 64;
-        let bit_shift = *shift % 64;
+        let bit_shift = shift % 64;
         for i in 0..$n_words {
           // Shift
           if bit_shift < 64 && i + word_shift < $n_words {
@@ -290,11 +290,11 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
       type Output = $name;
 
       #[allow(unsigned_negate)]
-      fn shr(&self, shift: &usize) -> $name {
+      fn shr(self, shift: usize) -> $name {
-        let &$name(ref original) = self;
+        let $name(ref original) = self;
         let mut ret = [0u64; $n_words];
-        let word_shift = *shift / 64;
+        let word_shift = shift / 64;
-        let bit_shift = *shift % 64;
+        let bit_shift = shift % 64;
         for i in 0..$n_words {
           // Shift
           if bit_shift < 64 && i - word_shift < $n_words {
@@ -329,10 +329,12 @@ macro_rules! construct_uint {
 
     impl fmt::Debug for $name {
       fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        use std::fmt::Error;
+        let &$name(ref data) = self;
-        use network::encodable::ConsensusEncodable;
+        try!(write!(f, "0x"));
-        let mut encoder = RawEncoder::new(f.by_ref());
+        for ch in data.iter().rev() {
-        self.consensus_encode(&mut encoder).map_err(|_| Error)
+          try!(write!(f, "{:02x}", ch));
+        }
+        Ok(())
       }
     }
 
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@ impl Uint256 {
   /// Increment by 1
   #[inline]
   pub fn increment(&mut self) {
-    let &Uint256(ref mut arr) = self;
+    let &mut Uint256(ref mut arr) = self;
     arr[0] += 1;
     if arr[0] == 0 {
       arr[1] += 1;
@@ -386,7 +388,7 @@ impl Uint256 {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-  use std::io::IoResult;
+  use std::io;
   use std::num::from_u64;
 
   use network::serialize::{deserialize, serialize};
@@ -440,7 +442,7 @@ mod tests {
     let init: Uint256 = from_u64(0xDEADBEEFDEADBEEF).unwrap();
     let copy = init;
 
-    let add = init.add(&copy);
+    let add = init + copy;
     assert_eq!(add, Uint256([0xBD5B7DDFBD5B7DDEu64, 1, 0, 0]));
     // Bitshifts
     let shl = add << 88;
@@ -452,7 +454,7 @@ mod tests {
     incr.increment();
     assert_eq!(incr, Uint256([0x7DDE000000000001u64, 0x0001BD5B7DDFBD5B, 0, 0]));
     // Subtraction
-    let sub = incr.sub(&init);
+    let sub = incr - init;
     assert_eq!(sub, Uint256([0x9F30411021524112u64, 0x0001BD5B7DDFBD5A, 0, 0]));
     // Multiplication
     let mult = sub.mul_u32(300);
@@ -481,7 +483,7 @@ mod tests {
     let init = from_u64::<Uint256>(0xDEADBEEFDEADBEEF).unwrap();
 
     assert_eq!(init << 64, Uint256([0, 0xDEADBEEFDEADBEEF, 0, 0]));
-    let add = (init << 64).add(&init);
+    let add = (init << 64) + init;
     assert_eq!(add, Uint256([0xDEADBEEFDEADBEEF, 0xDEADBEEFDEADBEEF, 0, 0]));
     assert_eq!(add >> 0, Uint256([0xDEADBEEFDEADBEEF, 0xDEADBEEFDEADBEEF, 0, 0]));
     assert_eq!(add << 0, Uint256([0xDEADBEEFDEADBEEF, 0xDEADBEEFDEADBEEF, 0, 0]));
@@ -495,8 +497,8 @@ mod tests {
     let start2 = Uint256([0x8C8C3EE70C644118u64, 0x0209E7378231E632, 0xABCD, 0xFFFF]);
     let serial1 = serialize(&start1).unwrap();
     let serial2 = serialize(&start2).unwrap();
-    let end1: IoResult<Uint256> = deserialize(serial1);
+    let end1: io::Result<Uint256> = deserialize(serial1);
-    let end2: IoResult<Uint256> = deserialize(serial2);
+    let end2: io::Result<Uint256> = deserialize(serial2);
 
     assert_eq!(end1, Ok(start1));
     assert_eq!(end2, Ok(start2));

src/wallet/address.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 use secp256k1::key::PublicKey;
 use crypto::digest::Digest;
 use crypto::sha2::Sha256;
+use std::ops;
 
 use blockdata::script::Script;
 use blockdata::opcodes;
@@ -36,23 +37,16 @@ pub struct Address {
 }
 
 impl Address {
-  /// Returns a byteslice view of the `Address` --- note that no network information
-  /// is contained in this.
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn as_slice<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8] {
-    self.hash.as_slice()
-  }
-
   /// Creates an address from a public key
   #[inline]
   pub fn from_key(network: Network, pk: &PublicKey) -> Address {
     let mut sha = Sha256::new();
-    let mut out = [0, ..32];
+    let mut out = [0;32];
-    sha.input(pk.as_slice());
+    sha.input(&pk[..]);
-    sha.result(out.as_mut_slice());
+    sha.result(&mut out);
     Address {
       network: network,
-      hash: Ripemd160Hash::from_data(out)
+      hash: Ripemd160Hash::from_data(&out)
     }
   }
 
@@ -62,13 +56,53 @@ impl Address {
     let mut script = Script::new();
     script.push_opcode(opcodes::All::OP_DUP);
     script.push_opcode(opcodes::All::OP_HASH160);
-    script.push_slice(self.hash.as_slice());
+    script.push_slice(&self.hash[..]);
     script.push_opcode(opcodes::All::OP_EQUALVERIFY);
     script.push_opcode(opcodes::All::OP_CHECKSIG);
     script
   }
 }
 
+impl ops::Index<usize> for Address {
+  type Output = u8;
+  #[inline]
+  fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &u8 {
+    &self.hash[index]
+  }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::Range<usize>> for Address {
+  type Output = [u8];
+  #[inline]
+  fn index(&self, index: ops::Range<usize>) -> &[u8] {
+    &self.hash[index]
+  }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::RangeTo<usize>> for Address {
+  type Output = [u8];
+  #[inline]
+  fn index(&self, index: ops::RangeTo<usize>) -> &[u8] {
+    &self.hash[index]
+  }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::RangeFrom<usize>> for Address {
+  type Output = [u8];
+  #[inline]
+  fn index(&self, index: ops::RangeFrom<usize>) -> &[u8] {
+    &self.hash[index]
+  }
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<ops::RangeFull> for Address {
+  type Output = [u8];
+  #[inline]
+  fn index(&self, _: ops::RangeFull) -> &[u8] {
+    &self.hash[..]
+  }
+}
+
 /// Conversion from other types into an address
 pub trait ToAddress {
   /// Copies `self` into a new `Address`
@@ -93,7 +127,7 @@ impl ToBase58 for Address {
         Network::Testnet => 111
       }
     ];
-    ret.push_all(self.hash.as_slice());
+    ret.push_all(&self.hash[..]);
     ret
   }
 }
@@ -110,7 +144,7 @@ impl FromBase58 for Address {
         111 => Network::Testnet,
         x   => { return Err(base58::Error::InvalidVersion(vec![x])); }
       },
-      hash: Ripemd160Hash::from_slice(data.slice_from(1))
+      hash: Ripemd160Hash::from_slice(&data[1..])
     })
   }
 }
@@ -137,10 +171,10 @@ mod tests {
   fn test_address_58() {
     let addr = Address {
       network: Bitcoin,
-      hash: Ripemd160Hash::from_slice("162c5ea71c0b23f5b9022ef047c4a86470a5b070".from_hex().unwrap().as_slice())
+      hash: Ripemd160Hash::from_slice(&"162c5ea71c0b23f5b9022ef047c4a86470a5b070".from_hex().unwrap())
     };
 
-    assert_eq!(addr.to_base58check().as_slice(), "132F25rTsvBdp9JzLLBHP5mvGY66i1xdiM");
+    assert_eq!(&addr.to_base58check(), "132F25rTsvBdp9JzLLBHP5mvGY66i1xdiM");
     assert_eq!(FromBase58::from_base58check("132F25rTsvBdp9JzLLBHP5mvGY66i1xdiM"), Ok(addr));
   }
 

src/wallet/address_index.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 //!
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::hash::{hash, Hash, SipHasher};
+use std::hash::{hash, Hash, Hasher, SipHasher};
 
 use secp256k1::key::SecretKey;
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub struct WalletTxOut {
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub struct AddressIndex {
   tentative_index: HashMap<Script, Vec<WalletTxOut>>,
-  index: HashMap<(Sha256dHash, u32), Vec<WalletTxOut>, SipHasher>,
+  index: HashMap<(Sha256dHash, u32), Vec<WalletTxOut>>,
   network: Network,
   k1: u64,
   k2: u64
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl AddressIndex {
     let (k1, k2) = wallet.siphash_key();
     let mut ret = AddressIndex {
       tentative_index: HashMap::with_capacity(utxo_set.n_utxos() / 256),
-      index: HashMap::with_hasher(SipHasher::new()),
+      index: HashMap::new(),
       network: wallet.network(),
       k1: k1,
       k2: k2
@@ -88,7 +88,9 @@ impl AddressIndex {
           txo: txo.clone(),
           kind: WalletTxOutType::Unknown
         };
-        ret.tentative_index.find_or_insert(txo.script_pubkey.clone(), vec![]).push(new);
+        let mut entry = ret.tentative_index.entry(txo.script_pubkey.clone());
+        let txos = entry.or_insert(vec![]);
+        txos.push(new);
       }
     }
     ret
@@ -99,14 +101,16 @@ impl AddressIndex {
   pub fn index_wallet_txo(&mut self, wtx: &WalletTxOut, kind: WalletTxOutType) {
     let mut new = wtx.clone();
     new.kind = kind;
-    self.index.find_or_insert((wtx.txid, wtx.vout), vec![]).push(new);
+    let mut entry = self.index.entry((wtx.txid, wtx.vout));
+    let txos = entry.or_insert(vec![]);
+    txos.push(new);
   }
 
   /// A filtering function used for creating a small address index.
   #[inline]
   pub fn admissible_address(&self, addr: &Address) -> bool {
     let mut hasher = SipHasher::new_with_keys(self.k1, self.k2);
-    addr.hash(&mut hasher);
+    (&addr[..]).hash(&mut hasher);
     hasher.finish() & 0xFF == 0
   }
 
@@ -123,7 +127,7 @@ impl AddressIndex {
   /// may be more than one for any given scriptpubkey.
   #[inline]
   pub fn find_by_script<'a>(&'a self, pubkey: &Script) -> &'a [WalletTxOut] {
-    self.tentative_index.find(pubkey).map(|v| v.as_slice()).unwrap_or(&[])
+    self.tentative_index.get(pubkey).map(|v| &v[..]).unwrap_or(&[])
   }
 }
 

src/wallet/bip32.rs

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
 //! at https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki
 
 use std::default::Default;
-use serde;
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize, Serializer, Deserializer};
 
-use byteorder::{ByteOrder, BigEndian};
+use crypto::cryptoutil::{read_u32_be, write_u32_be};
 use crypto::digest::Digest;
 use crypto::hmac::Hmac;
 use crypto::mac::Mac;
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ pub enum ChildNumber {
   Normal(u32),
 }
 
-impl serde::Serialize for ChildNumber {
+impl Serialize for ChildNumber {
   fn serialize<S>(&self, s: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error>
-      where S: serde::Serializer {
+      where S: Serializer {
     match *self {
       ChildNumber::Hardened(n) => (n + (1 << 31)).serialize(s),
       ChildNumber::Normal(n)   => n.serialize(s)
@@ -102,10 +102,10 @@ impl serde::Serialize for ChildNumber {
   }
 }
 
-impl serde::Deserialize for ChildNumber {
+impl Deserialize for ChildNumber {
-  fn deserialize<D>(&self, d: &mut D) -> Result<ChildNumber, D::Error>
+  fn deserialize<D>(d: &mut D) -> Result<ChildNumber, D::Error>
-      where D: serde::Deserializer {
+      where D: Deserializer {
-    let n: u32 = try!(serde::Deserialize::decode(d));
+    let n: u32 = try!(Deserialize::deserialize(d));
     if n < (1 << 31) {
       Ok(ChildNumber::Normal(n))
     } else {
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ pub enum Error {
   /// A pk->pk derivation was attempted on a hardened key
   CannotDeriveFromHardenedKey,
   /// A secp256k1 error occured
-  EcdsaError(secp256k1::Error),
+  Ecdsa(secp256k1::Error),
   /// A child number was provided that was out of range
   InvalidChildNumber(ChildNumber),
   /// Error creating a master seed --- for application use
@@ -131,17 +131,17 @@ impl ExtendedPrivKey {
   /// Construct a new master key from a seed value
   pub fn new_master(network: Network, seed: &[u8]) -> Result<ExtendedPrivKey, Error> {
     let mut result = [0; 64];
-    let mut hmac = Hmac::new(Sha512::new(), b"Bitcoin seed".as_slice());
+    let mut hmac = Hmac::new(Sha512::new(), b"Bitcoin seed");
     hmac.input(seed);
-    hmac.raw_result(result.as_mut_slice());
+    hmac.raw_result(&mut result);
 
     Ok(ExtendedPrivKey {
       network: network,
       depth: 0,
       parent_fingerprint: Default::default(),
       child_number: ChildNumber::Normal(0),
-      secret_key: try!(SecretKey::from_slice(result.slice_to(32)).map_err(Error::EcdsaError)),
+      secret_key: try!(SecretKey::from_slice(&result[..32]).map_err(Error::Ecdsa)),
-      chain_code: ChainCode::from_slice(result.slice_from(32))
+      chain_code: ChainCode::from_slice(&result[32..])
     })
   }
 
@@ -158,27 +158,29 @@ impl ExtendedPrivKey {
   /// Private->Private child key derivation
   pub fn ckd_priv(&self, i: ChildNumber) -> Result<ExtendedPrivKey, Error> {
     let mut result = [0; 64];
-    let mut hmac = Hmac::new(Sha512::new(), self.chain_code.as_slice());
+    let mut hmac = Hmac::new(Sha512::new(), &self.chain_code[..]);
+    let mut be_n = [0; 32];
     match i {
       ChildNumber::Normal(n) => {
         if n >= (1 << 31) { return Err(Error::InvalidChildNumber(i)) }
         // Non-hardened key: compute public data and use that
         secp256k1::init();
         // Note the unwrap: this is fine, we checked the SK when we created it
-        hmac.input(PublicKey::from_secret_key(&self.secret_key, true).as_slice());
+        hmac.input(&PublicKey::from_secret_key(&self.secret_key, true)[..]);
-        hmac.write_u32::<BigEndian>(n);
+        write_u32_be(&mut be_n, n);
       }
       ChildNumber::Hardened(n) => {
         if n >= (1 << 31) { return Err(Error::InvalidChildNumber(i)) }
         // Hardened key: use only secret data to prevent public derivation
-        hmac.input([0]);
+        hmac.input(&[0u8]);
-        hmac.input(self.secret_key.as_slice());
+        hmac.input(&self.secret_key[..]);
-        hmac.write_u32::<BigEndian>(n + (1 << 31));
+        write_u32_be(&mut be_n, n + (1 << 31));
       }
     }
-    hmac.raw_result(result.as_mut_slice());
+    hmac.input(&be_n);
-    let mut sk = try!(SecretKey::from_slice(result.slice_to(32)).map_err(Error::EcdsaError));
+    hmac.raw_result(&mut result);
-    try!(sk.add_assign(&self.secret_key).map_err(Error::EcdsaError));
+    let mut sk = try!(SecretKey::from_slice(&result[..32]).map_err(Error::Ecdsa));
+    try!(sk.add_assign(&self.secret_key).map_err(Error::Ecdsa));
 
     Ok(ExtendedPrivKey {
       network: self.network,
@@ -186,7 +188,7 @@ impl ExtendedPrivKey {
       parent_fingerprint: self.fingerprint(),
       child_number: i,
       secret_key: sk,
-      chain_code: ChainCode::from_slice(result.slice_from(32))
+      chain_code: ChainCode::from_slice(&result[32..])
     })
   }
 
@@ -198,19 +200,19 @@ impl ExtendedPrivKey {
     let pk = ExtendedPubKey::from_private(self);
     // Do SHA256 of just the ECDSA pubkey
     let mut sha2 = Sha256::new();
-    sha2.input(pk.public_key.as_slice());
+    sha2.input(&pk.public_key[..]);
-    sha2.result(sha2_res.as_mut_slice());
+    sha2.result(&mut sha2_res);
     // do RIPEMD160
     let mut ripemd = Ripemd160::new();
-    ripemd.input(sha2_res.as_slice());
+    ripemd.input(&sha2_res);
-    ripemd.result(ripemd_res.as_mut_slice());
+    ripemd.result(&mut ripemd_res);
     // Return
     ripemd_res
   }
 
   /// Returns the first four bytes of the identifier
   pub fn fingerprint(&self) -> Fingerprint {
-    Fingerprint::from_slice(self.identifier().slice_to(4))
+    Fingerprint::from_slice(&self.identifier()[0..4])
   }
 }
 
@@ -239,16 +241,18 @@ impl ExtendedPubKey {
         }
       }
       ChildNumber::Normal(n) => {
-        let mut hmac = Hmac::new(Sha512::new(), self.chain_code.as_slice());
+        let mut hmac = Hmac::new(Sha512::new(), &self.chain_code[..]);
-        hmac.input(self.public_key.as_slice());
+        hmac.input(&self.public_key[..]);
-        hmac.write_u32::<BigEndian>(n);
+        let mut be_n = [0; 32];
+        write_u32_be(&mut be_n, n);
+        hmac.input(&be_n);
 
         let mut result = [0; 64];
-        hmac.raw_result(result.as_mut_slice());
+        hmac.raw_result(&mut result);
 
-        let sk = try!(SecretKey::from_slice(result.slice_to(32)).map_err(Error::EcdsaError));
+        let sk = try!(SecretKey::from_slice(&result[..32]).map_err(Error::Ecdsa));
         let mut pk = self.public_key.clone();
-        try!(pk.add_exp_assign(&sk).map_err(Error::EcdsaError));
+        try!(pk.add_exp_assign(&sk).map_err(Error::Ecdsa));
 
         Ok(ExtendedPubKey {
           network: self.network,
@@ -256,7 +260,7 @@ impl ExtendedPubKey {
           parent_fingerprint: self.fingerprint(),
           child_number: i,
           public_key: pk,
-          chain_code: ChainCode::from_slice(result.slice_from(32))
+          chain_code: ChainCode::from_slice(&result[32..])
         })
       }
     }
@@ -268,19 +272,19 @@ impl ExtendedPubKey {
     let mut ripemd_res = [0; 20];
     // Do SHA256 of just the ECDSA pubkey
     let mut sha2 = Sha256::new();
-    sha2.input(self.public_key.as_slice());
+    sha2.input(&self.public_key[..]);
-    sha2.result(sha2_res.as_mut_slice());
+    sha2.result(&mut sha2_res);
     // do RIPEMD160
     let mut ripemd = Ripemd160::new();
-    ripemd.input(sha2_res.as_slice());
+    ripemd.input(&sha2_res);
-    ripemd.result(ripemd_res.as_mut_slice());
+    ripemd.result(&mut ripemd_res);
     // Return
     ripemd_res
   }
 
   /// Returns the first four bytes of the identifier
   pub fn fingerprint(&self) -> Fingerprint {
-    Fingerprint::from_slice(self.identifier().slice_to(4))
+    Fingerprint::from_slice(&self.identifier()[0..4])
   }
 }
 
@@ -288,22 +292,24 @@ impl ToBase58 for ExtendedPrivKey {
   fn base58_layout(&self) -> Vec<u8> { 
     let mut ret = Vec::with_capacity(78);
     ret.push_all(match self.network {
-      Network::Bitcoin => [0x04, 0x88, 0xAD, 0xE4],
+      Network::Bitcoin => &[0x04, 0x88, 0xAD, 0xE4],
-      Network::Testnet => [0x04, 0x35, 0x83, 0x94]
+      Network::Testnet => &[0x04, 0x35, 0x83, 0x94]
     });
     ret.push(self.depth as u8);
-    ret.push_all(self.parent_fingerprint.as_slice());
+    ret.push_all(&self.parent_fingerprint[..]);
+    let mut be_n = [0; 32];
     match self.child_number {
       ChildNumber::Hardened(n) => {
-        ret.write_u32::<BigEndian>(n + (1 << 31));
+        write_u32_be(&mut be_n, n + (1 << 31));
       }
       ChildNumber::Normal(n) => {
-        ret.write_u32::<BigEndian>(n);
+        write_u32_be(&mut be_n, n);
       }
     }
-    ret.push_all(self.chain_code.as_slice());
+    ret.push_all(&be_n);
+    ret.push_all(&self.chain_code[..]);
     ret.push(0);
-    ret.push_all(self.secret_key.as_slice());
+    ret.push_all(&self.secret_key[..]);
     ret
   }
 }
@@ -314,22 +320,22 @@ impl FromBase58 for ExtendedPrivKey {
       return Err(base58::Error::InvalidLength(data.len()));
     }
 
-    let cn_int = BigEndian::read_u32(&data[9..13]);
+    let cn_int = read_u32_be(&data[9..13]);
     let child_number = if cn_int < (1 << 31) { ChildNumber::Normal(cn_int) }
                        else { ChildNumber::Hardened(cn_int - (1 << 31)) };
 
     Ok(ExtendedPrivKey {
-      network: match data.slice_to(4) {
+      network: match &data[0..4] {
-        [0x04, 0x88, 0xAD, 0xE4] => Network::Bitcoin,
+        [0x04u8, 0x88, 0xAD, 0xE4] => Network::Bitcoin,
-        [0x04, 0x35, 0x83, 0x94] => Network::Testnet,
+        [0x04u8, 0x35, 0x83, 0x94] => Network::Testnet,
-        _ => { return Err(base58::Error::InvalidVersion(data.slice_to(4).to_vec())); }
+        _ => { return Err(base58::Error::InvalidVersion((&data[0..4]).to_vec())); }
       },
       depth: data[4],
-      parent_fingerprint: Fingerprint::from_slice(data.slice(5, 9)),
+      parent_fingerprint: Fingerprint::from_slice(&data[5..9]),
       child_number: child_number,
-      chain_code: ChainCode::from_slice(data.slice(13, 45)),
+      chain_code: ChainCode::from_slice(&data[13..45]),
       secret_key: try!(SecretKey::from_slice(
-                         data.slice(46, 78)).map_err(|e|
+                         &data[46..78]).map_err(|e|
                            base58::Error::Other(e.to_string())))
     })
   }
@@ -340,21 +346,23 @@ impl ToBase58 for ExtendedPubKey {
     assert!(self.public_key.is_compressed());
     let mut ret = Vec::with_capacity(78);
     ret.push_all(match self.network {
-      Network::Bitcoin => [0x04, 0x88, 0xB2, 0x1E],
+      Network::Bitcoin => &[0x04u8, 0x88, 0xB2, 0x1E],
-      Network::Testnet => [0x04, 0x35, 0x87, 0xCF]
+      Network::Testnet => &[0x04u8, 0x35, 0x87, 0xCF]
     });
     ret.push(self.depth as u8);
-    ret.push_all(self.parent_fingerprint.as_slice());
+    ret.push_all(&self.parent_fingerprint[..]);
+    let mut be_n = [0; 32];
     match self.child_number {
       ChildNumber::Hardened(n) => {
-        ret.write_u32::<BigEndian>(n + (1 << 31));
+        write_u32_be(&mut be_n, n + (1 << 31));
       }
       ChildNumber::Normal(n) => {
-        ret.write_u32::<BigEndian>(n);
+        write_u32_be(&mut be_n, n);
       }
     }
-    ret.push_all(self.chain_code.as_slice());
+    ret.push_all(&be_n);
-    ret.push_all(self.public_key.as_slice());
+    ret.push_all(&self.chain_code[..]);
+    ret.push_all(&self.public_key[..]);
     ret
   }
 }
@@ -365,22 +373,22 @@ impl FromBase58 for ExtendedPubKey {
       return Err(base58::Error::InvalidLength(data.len()));
     }
 
-    let cn_int = BigEndian::read_u32(&data[9..13]);
+    let cn_int = read_u32_be(&data[9..13]);
     let child_number = if cn_int < (1 << 31) { ChildNumber::Normal(cn_int) }
                        else { ChildNumber::Hardened(cn_int - (1 << 31)) };
 
     Ok(ExtendedPubKey {
-      network: match data.slice_to(4) {
+      network: match &data[0..4] {
         [0x04, 0x88, 0xB2, 0x1E] => Network::Bitcoin,
         [0x04, 0x35, 0x87, 0xCF] => Network::Testnet,
-        _ => { return Err(base58::Error::InvalidVersion(data.slice_to(4).to_vec())); }
+        _ => { return Err(base58::Error::InvalidVersion((&data[0..4]).to_vec())); }
       },
       depth: data[4],
-      parent_fingerprint: Fingerprint::from_slice(data.slice(5, 9)),
+      parent_fingerprint: Fingerprint::from_slice(&data[5..9]),
       child_number: child_number,
-      chain_code: ChainCode::from_slice(data.slice(13, 45)),
+      chain_code: ChainCode::from_slice(&data[13..45]),
       public_key: try!(PublicKey::from_slice(
-                         data.slice(45, 78)).map_err(|e|
+                         &data[45..78]).map_err(|e|
                            base58::Error::Other(e.to_string())))
     })
   }
@@ -421,8 +429,8 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     // Check result against expected base58
-    assert_eq!(sk.to_base58check().as_slice(), expected_sk);
+    assert_eq!(&sk.to_base58check()[..], expected_sk);
-    assert_eq!(pk.to_base58check().as_slice(), expected_pk);
+    assert_eq!(&pk.to_base58check()[..], expected_pk);
     // Check decoded base58 against result
     let decoded_sk = FromBase58::from_base58check(expected_sk);
     let decoded_pk = FromBase58::from_base58check(expected_pk);
@@ -434,32 +442,32 @@ mod tests {
   fn test_vector_1() {
     let seed = "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f".from_hex().unwrap();
     // m
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [],
               "xprv9s21ZrQH143K3QTDL4LXw2F7HEK3wJUD2nW2nRk4stbPy6cq3jPPqjiChkVvvNKmPGJxWUtg6LnF5kejMRNNU3TGtRBeJgk33yuGBxrMPHi",
                "xpub661MyMwAqRbcFtXgS5sYJABqqG9YLmC4Q1Rdap9gSE8NqtwybGhePY2gZ29ESFjqJoCu1Rupje8YtGqsefD265TMg7usUDFdp6W1EGMcet8");
               
     // m/0h
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [Hardened(0)],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [Hardened(0)],
               "xprv9uHRZZhk6KAJC1avXpDAp4MDc3sQKNxDiPvvkX8Br5ngLNv1TxvUxt4cV1rGL5hj6KCesnDYUhd7oWgT11eZG7XnxHrnYeSvkzY7d2bhkJ7",
               "xpub68Gmy5EdvgibQVfPdqkBBCHxA5htiqg55crXYuXoQRKfDBFA1WEjWgP6LHhwBZeNK1VTsfTFUHCdrfp1bgwQ9xv5ski8PX9rL2dZXvgGDnw");
 
     // m/0h/1
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [Hardened(0), Normal(1)],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [Hardened(0), Normal(1)],
                "xprv9wTYmMFdV23N2TdNG573QoEsfRrWKQgWeibmLntzniatZvR9BmLnvSxqu53Kw1UmYPxLgboyZQaXwTCg8MSY3H2EU4pWcQDnRnrVA1xe8fs",
                "xpub6ASuArnXKPbfEwhqN6e3mwBcDTgzisQN1wXN9BJcM47sSikHjJf3UFHKkNAWbWMiGj7Wf5uMash7SyYq527Hqck2AxYysAA7xmALppuCkwQ");
 
     // m/0h/1/2h
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [Hardened(0), Normal(1), Hardened(2)],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [Hardened(0), Normal(1), Hardened(2)],
               "xprv9z4pot5VBttmtdRTWfWQmoH1taj2axGVzFqSb8C9xaxKymcFzXBDptWmT7FwuEzG3ryjH4ktypQSAewRiNMjANTtpgP4mLTj34bhnZX7UiM",
               "xpub6D4BDPcP2GT577Vvch3R8wDkScZWzQzMMUm3PWbmWvVJrZwQY4VUNgqFJPMM3No2dFDFGTsxxpG5uJh7n7epu4trkrX7x7DogT5Uv6fcLW5");
 
     // m/0h/1/2h/2
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [Hardened(0), Normal(1), Hardened(2), Normal(2)],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [Hardened(0), Normal(1), Hardened(2), Normal(2)],
               "xprvA2JDeKCSNNZky6uBCviVfJSKyQ1mDYahRjijr5idH2WwLsEd4Hsb2Tyh8RfQMuPh7f7RtyzTtdrbdqqsunu5Mm3wDvUAKRHSC34sJ7in334",
               "xpub6FHa3pjLCk84BayeJxFW2SP4XRrFd1JYnxeLeU8EqN3vDfZmbqBqaGJAyiLjTAwm6ZLRQUMv1ZACTj37sR62cfN7fe5JnJ7dh8zL4fiyLHV");
 
     // m/0h/1/2h/2/1000000000
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [Hardened(0), Normal(1), Hardened(2), Normal(2), Normal(1000000000)],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [Hardened(0), Normal(1), Hardened(2), Normal(2), Normal(1000000000)],
               "xprvA41z7zogVVwxVSgdKUHDy1SKmdb533PjDz7J6N6mV6uS3ze1ai8FHa8kmHScGpWmj4WggLyQjgPie1rFSruoUihUZREPSL39UNdE3BBDu76",
               "xpub6H1LXWLaKsWFhvm6RVpEL9P4KfRZSW7abD2ttkWP3SSQvnyA8FSVqNTEcYFgJS2UaFcxupHiYkro49S8yGasTvXEYBVPamhGW6cFJodrTHy");
   }
@@ -469,32 +477,32 @@ mod tests {
     let seed = "fffcf9f6f3f0edeae7e4e1dedbd8d5d2cfccc9c6c3c0bdbab7b4b1aeaba8a5a29f9c999693908d8a8784817e7b7875726f6c696663605d5a5754514e4b484542".from_hex().unwrap();
 
     // m
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [],
               "xprv9s21ZrQH143K31xYSDQpPDxsXRTUcvj2iNHm5NUtrGiGG5e2DtALGdso3pGz6ssrdK4PFmM8NSpSBHNqPqm55Qn3LqFtT2emdEXVYsCzC2U",
               "xpub661MyMwAqRbcFW31YEwpkMuc5THy2PSt5bDMsktWQcFF8syAmRUapSCGu8ED9W6oDMSgv6Zz8idoc4a6mr8BDzTJY47LJhkJ8UB7WEGuduB");
 
     // m/0
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [Normal(0)],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [Normal(0)],
               "xprv9vHkqa6EV4sPZHYqZznhT2NPtPCjKuDKGY38FBWLvgaDx45zo9WQRUT3dKYnjwih2yJD9mkrocEZXo1ex8G81dwSM1fwqWpWkeS3v86pgKt",
               "xpub69H7F5d8KSRgmmdJg2KhpAK8SR3DjMwAdkxj3ZuxV27CprR9LgpeyGmXUbC6wb7ERfvrnKZjXoUmmDznezpbZb7ap6r1D3tgFxHmwMkQTPH");
 
     // m/0/2147483647h
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [Normal(0), Hardened(2147483647)],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [Normal(0), Hardened(2147483647)],
               "xprv9wSp6B7kry3Vj9m1zSnLvN3xH8RdsPP1Mh7fAaR7aRLcQMKTR2vidYEeEg2mUCTAwCd6vnxVrcjfy2kRgVsFawNzmjuHc2YmYRmagcEPdU9",
               "xpub6ASAVgeehLbnwdqV6UKMHVzgqAG8Gr6riv3Fxxpj8ksbH9ebxaEyBLZ85ySDhKiLDBrQSARLq1uNRts8RuJiHjaDMBU4Zn9h8LZNnBC5y4a");
 
     // m/0/2147483647h/1
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [Normal(0), Hardened(2147483647), Normal(1)],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [Normal(0), Hardened(2147483647), Normal(1)],
               "xprv9zFnWC6h2cLgpmSA46vutJzBcfJ8yaJGg8cX1e5StJh45BBciYTRXSd25UEPVuesF9yog62tGAQtHjXajPPdbRCHuWS6T8XA2ECKADdw4Ef",
               "xpub6DF8uhdarytz3FWdA8TvFSvvAh8dP3283MY7p2V4SeE2wyWmG5mg5EwVvmdMVCQcoNJxGoWaU9DCWh89LojfZ537wTfunKau47EL2dhHKon");
 
     // m/0/2147483647h/1/2147483646h
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [Normal(0), Hardened(2147483647), Normal(1), Hardened(2147483646)],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [Normal(0), Hardened(2147483647), Normal(1), Hardened(2147483646)],
               "xprvA1RpRA33e1JQ7ifknakTFpgNXPmW2YvmhqLQYMmrj4xJXXWYpDPS3xz7iAxn8L39njGVyuoseXzU6rcxFLJ8HFsTjSyQbLYnMpCqE2VbFWc",
               "xpub6ERApfZwUNrhLCkDtcHTcxd75RbzS1ed54G1LkBUHQVHQKqhMkhgbmJbZRkrgZw4koxb5JaHWkY4ALHY2grBGRjaDMzQLcgJvLJuZZvRcEL");
 
     // m/0/2147483647h/1/2147483646h/2
-    test_path(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice(), [Normal(0), Hardened(2147483647), Normal(1), Hardened(2147483646), Normal(2)],
+    test_path(Bitcoin, &seed, [Normal(0), Hardened(2147483647), Normal(1), Hardened(2147483646), Normal(2)],
               "xprvA2nrNbFZABcdryreWet9Ea4LvTJcGsqrMzxHx98MMrotbir7yrKCEXw7nadnHM8Dq38EGfSh6dqA9QWTyefMLEcBYJUuekgW4BYPJcr9E7j",
               "xpub6FnCn6nSzZAw5Tw7cgR9bi15UV96gLZhjDstkXXxvCLsUXBGXPdSnLFbdpq8p9HmGsApME5hQTZ3emM2rnY5agb9rXpVGyy3bdW6EEgAtqt");
   }
@@ -512,8 +520,8 @@ mod tests {
     assert!(h1 != n1);
     assert!(h1_str != n1_str);
 
-    let h1_dec = json::decode(h1_str.as_slice()).unwrap();
+    let h1_dec = json::decode(&h1_str).unwrap();
-    let n1_dec = json::decode(n1_str.as_slice()).unwrap();
+    let n1_dec = json::decode(&n1_str).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(h1, h1_dec);
     assert_eq!(n1, n1_dec);
   }
@@ -521,7 +529,7 @@ mod tests {
   #[bench]
   pub fn generate_sequential_normal_children(bh: &mut Bencher) {
     let seed = "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f".from_hex().unwrap();
-    let msk = ExtendedPrivKey::new_master(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice()).unwrap();
+    let msk = ExtendedPrivKey::new_master(Bitcoin, &seed).unwrap();
     let mut i = 0;
     bh.iter( || {
       black_box(msk.ckd_priv(Normal(i)));
@@ -532,7 +540,7 @@ mod tests {
   #[bench]
   pub fn generate_sequential_hardened_children(bh: &mut Bencher) {
     let seed = "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f".from_hex().unwrap();
-    let msk = ExtendedPrivKey::new_master(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice()).unwrap();
+    let msk = ExtendedPrivKey::new_master(Bitcoin, &seed).unwrap();
     let mut i = 0;
     bh.iter( || {
       black_box(msk.ckd_priv(Hardened(i)));
@@ -543,7 +551,7 @@ mod tests {
   #[bench]
   pub fn generate_sequential_public_children(bh: &mut Bencher) {
     let seed = "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f".from_hex().unwrap();
-    let msk = ExtendedPrivKey::new_master(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice()).unwrap();
+    let msk = ExtendedPrivKey::new_master(Bitcoin, &seed).unwrap();
     let mpk = ExtendedPubKey::from_private(&msk);
 
     let mut i = 0;
@@ -558,7 +566,7 @@ mod tests {
     use wallet::address::Address;
 
     let seed = "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f".from_hex().unwrap();
-    let msk = ExtendedPrivKey::new_master(Bitcoin, seed.as_slice()).unwrap();
+    let msk = ExtendedPrivKey::new_master(Bitcoin, &seed).unwrap();
     let mpk = ExtendedPubKey::from_private(&msk);
 
     let mut i = 0;

src/wallet/wallet.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::default::Default;
-use serde;
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize, Serializer, Deserializer};
 
 use secp256k1::key::PublicKey;
 
@@ -85,23 +85,23 @@ pub struct Wallet {
   index: Option<AddressIndex>
 }
 
-impl serde::Serialize for Wallet {
+impl Serialize for Wallet {
   fn serialize<S>(&self, s: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error>
-      where S: serde::Serializer {
+      where S: Serializer {
     let len = self.accounts.len();
     try!(self.master.serialize(s));
     self.accounts.serialize(s)
   }
 }
 
-impl serde::Deserialize for Wallet {
+impl Deserialize for Wallet {
-  fn deserialize<D>(&self, d: &mut D) -> Result<Wallet, D::Error>
+  fn deserialize<D>(d: &mut D) -> Result<Wallet, D::Error>
-      where D: serde::Deserializer {
+      where D: Deserializer {
-    Wallet {
+    Ok(Wallet {
-        master: try!(serde::Deserialize::deserialize(d)),
+      master: try!(Deserialize::deserialize(d)),
-        accounts: try!(serde::Deserialize::deserialize(d)),
+      accounts: try!(Deserialize::deserialize(d)),
       index: None
-    }
+    })
   }
 }
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ impl Wallet {
   /// Adds an account to a wallet
   pub fn account_insert(&mut self, name: String)
                         -> Result<(), Error> {
-    if self.accounts.find(&name).is_some() {
+    if self.accounts.contains_key(&name) {
       return Err(Error::DuplicateAccount);
     }
 
@@ -159,9 +159,8 @@ impl Wallet {
 
   /// Locates an account in a wallet
   #[inline]
-  pub fn account_find<'a>(&'a self, name: &str)
+  pub fn account_get<'a>(&'a self, name: &str) -> Option<&'a Account> {
-                          -> Option<&'a Account> {
+    self.accounts.get(name)
-    self.accounts.find_equiv(&name)
   }
 
   /// Create a new address
@@ -169,8 +168,7 @@ impl Wallet {
                      account: &str,
                      chain: AccountChain)
                      -> Result<Address, Error> {
-    // TODO: unnecessary allocation, waiting on *_equiv in stdlib
+    let account = self.accounts.get_mut(account);
-    let account = self.accounts.find_mut(&account.to_string());
     let account = match account { Some(a) => a, None => return Err(Error::AccountNotFound) };
     let index = match self.index { Some(ref i) => i, None => return Err(Error::NoAddressIndex) };
 
@@ -236,7 +234,7 @@ impl Wallet {
 
   /// Account balance
   pub fn balance(&self, account: &str) -> Result<u64, Error> {
-    let account = self.accounts.find_equiv(&account);
+    let account = self.accounts.get(account);
     let account = match account { Some(a) => a, None => return Err(Error::AccountNotFound) };
     self.account_balance(account)
   }