f41ebc2149 Add test for input weight predictions (conduition)
4514a80a23 Fix the InputWeightPrediction constants for DER signatures (conduition)
b5ce219c62 add weight method to InputWeightPrediction (conduition)
Pull request description:
The `P2WPKH_MAX` constant assumed DER signatures in the witness have a max length of 73. In practice, their maximum length is 72, because [BIP62](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0062.mediawiki) forbids nodes from relaying transactions which contain non-canonical ECDSA signatures (i.e. TX sigs must have an $s$ value of less than $\frac{n}{2}$).
This means $s$ is never encoded with a leading zero byte, and the signature as a whole never exceeds 72 bytes in total encoded length. The `ground_p2wpkh` function was already correct; only the constant needed to be corrected.
Technically 73 bytes *is* the upper limit for signatures, as nothing forbids miners from including such non-standard transaction signatures in blocks, but for the purposes of fee estimation and input weight prediction, 72 is the number which 99.9% of implementations should use as their ceiling. We already use it as the ceiling for the `ground_p2wpkh` function - `ground_p2wpkh(0)` returns a prediction which uses a witness signature of length 72.
Reference:
- https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/77191/what-is-the-maximum-size-of-a-der-encoded-ecdsa-signature
- https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/106435/are-high-s-ecdsa-signatures-forbidden-in-segwit-witnesses
- https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0062.mediawiki
To enable testing, I added a `weight()` method to `InputWeightPrediction` and made it public but i'm not sure whether it has a use-case. Let me know if I should make it private instead.
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321d3923b8 Add from_vb_const function (yancy)
Pull request description:
This function is can be used to construct a Weight type from_vb in const context. Note I don't think it's possible to test the panic case since it's a compile time error work around currently to panic.
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Tree-SHA512: dc11409f0e3079400da261a8c9f580ef0527b77643ce1a5dda65c0975db19c2f2da46ac693e6a2bf49e0105b8b096e1ee51f09f5d1c78d634e4e274d7467ee05
The P2WPKH_MAX constant assumed DER signatures in the witness have
a max length of 73. However, their maximum length in practice is 72,
because BIP62 forbids nodes from relaying transactions whose ECDSA
signatures are not canonical (i.e. all sigs must have an s value of
less than n/2). This means s is never encoded with a leading zero
byte, and the signature as a whole never exceeds 72 bytes in total
encoded length. The ground_p2wpkh function was already correct;
only the constant needed to be corrected.
add371d263 Remove `core2` dependency entirely (Matt Corallo)
b7dd16da99 [IO] Use our own io::Error type (Matt Corallo)
c95b59327a Explicitly use `std::io::Error` when implementing `std` traits (Matt Corallo)
9e1cd372cb Use `io::Error::get_ref()` over `std::error::Error::source()` (Matt Corallo)
3caaadf9bb [IO] Replace the `io::Cursor` re-export with our own `Cursor` (Matt Corallo)
141343edb4 [IO] Move to custom `Read` trait mirroring `std::io::Read` (Matt Corallo)
7395093f94 Stop relying on `Take`'s `by_ref` method (Matt Corallo)
2364e1a877 Stop relying on blanket Read impl for all &mut Read (Matt Corallo)
6aa7ccf841 [IO] Replace `std::io::Sink` usage with our own trivial impl (Matt Corallo)
7eb5d65bda [IO] Provide a macro which implements `io::Write` for types (Matt Corallo)
ac678bb435 [IO] Move to custom `Write` trait mirroring `std::io::Write` (Matt Corallo)
5f2395ce56 Add missing `?Sized` bounds to `io::Write` parameters (Matt Corallo)
2348449d2a Stop relying on `std::io::Write`'s `&mut Write` blanket impl (Matt Corallo)
5e0209569c Use `io::sink` rather than our custom `EmptyWrite` utility (Matt Corallo)
a0ade883b6 [IO] Move io module into selected re-exports (Matt Corallo)
27c7c4e26a Add a `bitcoin_io` crate (Matt Corallo)
Pull request description:
In order to support standard (de)serialization of structs, the
`rust-bitcoin` ecosystem uses the standard `std::io::{Read,Write}`
traits. This works great for environments with `std`, however sadly
the `std::io` module has not yet been added to the `core` crate.
Thus, in `no-std`, the `rust-bitcoin` ecosystem has historically
used the `core2` crate to provide copies of the `std::io` module
without any major dependencies. Sadly, its one dependency,
`memchr`, recently broke our MSRV.
Worse, because we didn't want to take on any excess dependencies
for `std` builds, `rust-bitcoin` has had to have
mutually-exclusive `std` and `no-std` builds. This breaks general
assumptions about how features work in Rust, causing substantial
pain for applications far downstream of `rust-bitcoin` crates.
This is mostly done, I'm still finalizing the `io::Error` commit at the end to drop the `core2` required dep in no-std, but its getting there. Would love further feedback on the approach or code-level review on these first handful of commits.
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Kixunil:
ACK add371d263
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c745c97e5f add input weight predictions for p2pkh outputs (conduition)
Pull request description:
Adds input weight prediction constant and `ground_p2pkh_*` methods, mirroring those for `P2WPKH`. This seemed to be missing.
ACKs for top commit:
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apoelstra:
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Adds missing prediction constants and const fns for
predicting the weights for P2PKH transaction inputs,
covering both compressed and uncompressed public keys.
7d695f6b41 Improve public re-exports (Tobin C. Harding)
33774122e0 Remove public re-exports from private module (Tobin C. Harding)
Pull request description:
Improve the public exports in two ways:
1. Inline re-exports into the docs of the module that re-exports them.
2. Separate public and private use statements
Recently we discussed a way to separate the public and private import statements to make the code more clear and prevent `rustfmt` joining them all together.
Separate public exports using a code block and `#[rustfmt::skip]`. Has the nice advantage of reducing the number of `#[doc(inline)]` attributes also.
1. Modules first, as they are part of the project's structure.
2. Private imports
3. Public re-exports (using `rustfmt::skip` to prevent merge)
Use the format
```rust
mod xyz;
mod abc;
use ...;
pub use {
...,
};
```
This patch introduces changes to the rendered HTML docs.
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apoelstra:
ACK 7d695f6b41
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12d615d900 Use network when calculating difficulty (Tobin C. Harding)
62af5b54f3 Improve difficulty rustdocs (Tobin C. Harding)
Pull request description:
The difficulty is a ratio of the max and current targets, since the max is network specific the difficulty calculation is also network specific.
We already have network specific maximum target constants, use them when calculating the difficulty.
Patch 1 is a trival docs improvement to `block::Header::difficulty`.
ACKs for top commit:
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ACK 12d615d900
apoelstra:
ACK 12d615d900
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The difficulty is a ratio of the max and current targets, since the
max is network specific the difficulty calculation is also network
specific.
We already have network specific maximum target constants, use them when
calculating the difficulty.
Improve the public exports in two ways:
1. Inline re-exports into the docs of the module that re-exports them.
2. Separate public and private use statements
Recently we discussed a way to separate the public and private import
statements to make the code more clear and prevent `rustfmt` joining
them all together.
Separate public exports using a code block and `#[rustfmt::skip]`. Has
the nice advantage of reducing the number of `#[doc(inline)]` attributes
also.
1. Modules first, as they are part of the project's structure.
2. Private imports
3. Public re-exports (using `rustfmt::skip` to prevent merge)
Use the format
```rust
mod xyz;
mod abc;
use ...;
pub use {
...,
};
```
This patch introduces changes to the rendered HTML docs.
8eff4d0385 Remove private hex test macro (Tobin C. Harding)
Pull request description:
We have this macro in `hex-conservative` now, remove the version here.
This patch does not change the public API and only touches test code.
ACKs for top commit:
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ACK 8eff4d0385
clarkmoody:
ACK 8eff4d0385
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On our way to v1.0.0 we are defining a standard for our error types,
this includes:
- Uses the following derives (unless not possible, usually because of `io::Error`)
`#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]`
- Has `non_exhaustive` unless we really know we can commit to not adding
anything.
Furthermore, we are trying to make the codebase easy to read. Error code
is write-once-read-many (well it should be) so if we make all the error
code super uniform the users can flick to an error and quickly see what
it includes. In an effort to achieve this I have made up a style and
over recent times have change much of the error code to that new style,
this PR audits _all_ error types in the code base and enforces the
style, specifically:
- Is layed out: definition, [impl block], Display impl, error::Error impl, From impls
- `error::Error` impl matches on enum even if it returns `None` for all variants
- Display/Error impls import enum variants locally
- match uses *self and `ref e`
- error::Error variants that return `Some` come first, `None` after
Re: non_exhaustive
To make dev and review easier I have added `non_exhaustive` to _every_
error type. We can then remove it error by error as we see fit. This is
because it takes a bit of thinking to do and review where as this patch
should not take much brain power to review.
In a further effort to make the code brain-dead easy to read; use an
explicit implementation of `std::error::Error` that returns `None`
instead of relying on the default trait implementation.
We would like the codebase to be optimized for readability not ease of
development, as such code that is write-once-read-many should not use
macros.
Currently we use the `impl_std_error` macro to implement
`std::error::Error` for struct error types. This makes the code harder
to read at a glance because one has to think what the macro does.
Remove the `impl_std_error` macro and write the code explicitly.
dac627cc09 Feature: Psbt fee checks (junderw)
Pull request description:
Closes#2061
These new methods on Psbt will add checks for high fees by default. The threshold for "high fees" is currently set to 25000 sat/vbyte, which is about 20x higher than the highest next block fees seen on the "Mempool" website.
The primary goal of this change is to prevent users of the library from accidentally sending absurd amounts of fees.
(ie. Recently in September 2023 there was a transaction that sent an absurd amount of fees and made news in the Bitcoin world. Luckily the mining pool gave it back, but some might not be so lucky.)
There are variants of the method that allow for users to set their own "absurd" threshold using a `FeeRate` value. And there is a method that performs no checks, and the method name is alarming enough to draw attention in a review, so at least developers will be aware of the concept.
ACKs for top commit:
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ACK dac627cc09
tcharding:
ACK dac627cc09
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c34e3cc7cc Re-write size/weight API (Tobin C. Harding)
73f7fbf520 Add code comments to transaction serialization (Tobin C. Harding)
29f20c1d0b Add segwit serialization constants (Tobin C. Harding)
Pull request description:
Audit and re-write the weight/size API for `Block` and `Transaction`. First two patches are trivial, patch 3 contains justification and explanation for this work, copied here:
```
Recently we introduced a bug in the weight/size code, while
investigating I found that our `Transaction`/`Block` weight/size APIs
were in a total mess because:
- The docs were stale
- The concept of weight (weight units) and size (bytes) were mixed up
I audited all the API functions, read some bips (141, 144) and re-wrote
the API with the following goals:
- Use terminology from the bips
- Use abstractions that mirror the bips where possible
```
Please note, this PR introduces panics if a sciptPubkey overflows the calculation `weight = spk.size() * 4`.
Fix#2049
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sanket1729:
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5901d35095 Add push_p2wpkh function on Witness (Tobin C. Harding)
8cd409d561 Deprecate push_bitcoin_signature (Tobin C. Harding)
Pull request description:
In order to create the witness to spend p2wpkh output one must create a `Witness` that includes the signature and the pubkey, we should have a function for this.
## Notes
The PR originally added a `push_p2wphk` method, this is now instead a constrcutor `Witness:p2wpkh` (after review discussion below).
- Patch 1 changes `push_bitcoin_signature` to take an `ecdsa::Sigtnture` instead of an `ecdsa::SerializedSignature`
- Patch 2 takes a `secp256k1::PublicKey` removing the need for an error path (discussed below).
ACKs for top commit:
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ACK 5901d35095
apoelstra:
ACK 5901d35095
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Recently we introduced a bug in the weight/size code, while
investigating I found that our `Transaction`/`Block` weight/size APIs
were in a total mess because:
- The docs were stale
- The concept of weight (weight units) and size (bytes) were mixed up
I audited all the API functions, read some bips (141, 144) and re-wrote
the API with the following goals:
- Use terminology from the bips
- Use abstractions that mirror the bips where possible
The `Witness::push_bitcoin_signature` method is old and a bit stale.
Bitcoin has taproot signatures now so the name is stale, also we have
the `crate::ecdsa::Signature` type that holds the secp sig and the hash
type so we can use that instead of having two separate parameters.
Add a new, up to date, `Witness::push_ecdsa_signature` function and
deprecate the `push_bitcoin_signature` one.
There is no logical default for the transaction version number, there is
only pre-bip68 (v1) and post-bip68 (v2). Uses should specify the version
they want not rely on us making the choice.
(I originally added this impl to support testing, this was in hindsight
the wrong thing to do, props to Sanket for noticing.)
One of our stated aims is to make it possible to learn bitcoin by using
our library. To help with this aim add to private consts for the segwit
transaction marker and flag serialization fields.
158ba26a8a Feature: Count sigops for Transaction (junderw)
Pull request description:
I copied over the sigop counting logic from Bitcoin Core, but I made a few adjustments.
1. I removed 2 consensus flags that checked for P2SH and SegWit activation. This code assumes both are activated. If we were to include that, what would be a good way to go about it? (ie. If I run this method on a transaction from the 1000th block and it just so happened to have a P2SH-like input, Bitcoin Core wouldn't accidentally count those sigops because the consensus flag will stop them from running the P2SH logic. Same goes for SegWit)
3. Since there's no guarantee that we have an index from which we can get the prevout scripts, I made it into a generic closure that looks up the prevout script for us. If the caller doesn't provide it, We can only count sigops directly in the scriptSig and scriptPubkey (no P2SH or SegWit).
## TODO
- [x] Write tests for transaction sigop counting
~~Edit: The test changes are just to get the 1.48 tests passing. I'll remove them and replace them with whatever solution that is agreed upon in another PR etc.~~
Edit 2: This is the code I used as a guide:
8105bce5b3/src/consensus/tx_verify.cpp (L147-L166)
Edit 3: I found a subtle bug in the implementation of `count_sigops` (https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin/pull/2073#issuecomment-1722403687)
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e4c7e01a6f Use the new bech32 iterator API (Tobin C. Harding)
Pull request description:
Depend on the newly released version of `bech32`, BOOM!
ACKs for top commit:
apoelstra:
ACK e4c7e01a6f
clarkmoody:
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71a5fe2b54 Customize Debug implementation of absolute::LockTime (Subhradeep Chakraborty)
Pull request description:
Fixes https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin/issues/2011.
This PR aims to make the "pretty print" of `absolute::LockTime` prettier by printing `X blocks` and `X seconds` for `Blocks` and `Seconds` respectively instead of the default Enum printing.
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tcharding:
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bc398204bf Remove redundant segwit version from function names (Tobin C. Harding)
Pull request description:
A P2TR output does not need to be clarified with version 1, it is implicit. As with p2wpkh/p2wsh and version 0.
Remove redundant version identifiers from function names, deprecating the originals.
ACKs for top commit:
apoelstra:
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f17bb0d18f Remove unnecessary reference (Tobin C. Harding)
Pull request description:
`T` is a generic that implements`AsRef<PushBytes>`, it should not be a reference. This is inline with other usages of `AsRef<PushBytes>` for example in `Builder::push_slice`.
Found while working on #2003
ACKs for top commit:
apoelstra:
ACK f17bb0d18f
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BIP-68 activated a fair while ago (circa 2019) and since then only
transaction versions 1 and 2 have been considered standard.
Currently in our `Transaction` struct we use an `i32`, this means users
can construct a non-standard transaction if they do not first look up
what the value should be. We can help folk out here by abstracting over
the version number.
Since the version number only governs standardness elect to make the
inner `i32` public (ie., not an invariant). The aim of the type is to
make life easy not restrict what versions are used.
Add transaction::Version data type that simply provides two consts `ONE`
and `TWO`.
Add a `Default` impl on `Version` that returns `Version::TWO`.
In tests that used version 0, instead use `Version::default` because the
test obviously does not care.
52f2332383 Remove docs from witness version conversion functions (Tobin C. Harding)
47d6d785cb Remove bip 173/350 test vectors (Tobin C. Harding)
e0eaeaad99 Split ParseError out of Error (Tobin C. Harding)
0f536e86dc Add new UnknownAddressTypeError for parsing address type (Tobin C. Harding)
e2014cba1b Import error variants within dislay impl (Tobin C. Harding)
9d7791fcd6 Remove unnecessary self:: from error import (Tobin C. Harding)
b2e485ed51 Split the address error code out into a separate module (Tobin C. Harding)
f34ca0c52b Move address.rs to address/mod.rs (Tobin C. Harding)
Pull request description:
In preparation for depending on the recently released version of `rust-bech32` do a bunch of preparatory fixes.
1. Improve `address` module error handling as we are doing else where at the moment
2. Remove bip 173 and 350 test vector tests, these are fully covered in bech32
3. Trim down the docs on `WitnessVersion`
This PR is the first 8 patches of https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin/pull/1951
ACKs for top commit:
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apoelstra:
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acbf23aaa5 Add `is_multisig` helper to Script type (Clark Moody)
Pull request description:
A new `is_multisig` helper method to classify bare multisig output scripts.
The form of a valid multisig script is:
- Pushnum `M`
- <N> pubkeys
- Pushnum `N`
- `OP_CHECKMULTISIG`
`N` must equal the number of pushed pubkeys, and `M` must be less than or equal to `N`.
I've tested this against the RPC output of Core at the block level, checking that the total number of multisig outputs matches.
```
Block 350338, 89 multisig
Block 350340, 29 multisig
Block 350341, 4 multisig
Block 350343, 579 multisig
Block 350344, 48 multisig
Block 350346, 11 multisig
Block 350347, 404 multisig
Block 350350, 127 multisig
Block 350351, 1 multisig
Block 350353, 40 multisig
Block 350356, 13 multisig
Block 350357, 2 multisig
Block 350358, 1 multisig
```
ACKs for top commit:
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ACK acbf23aaa5
Tree-SHA512: b8feeaa8725ac63a658897dac3b303fc8b3d56674d796b14569548124928329993bea45482928d9ce85231f1b5837922af8c0a77b2601a92f88b5e2a9394e97f
026a55809e Fix: Script::count_sigops parsing should not return a Result (junderw)
Pull request description:
When implementing some tests for the Transaction PR, I noticed that there were coinbase transactions that would pass Bitcoin Core parsing and fail my code.
It turns out that the Script parsing for sigops calls `break` to exit the loop and returns the current n value whenever there is an EarlyEndOfScript error.
See this comment: https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin/pull/2073#issuecomment-1722403687 for some links to the relevant source.
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tcharding:
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Andrew Poelstra
conduition
yancy
Vojtěch Toman
Matt Corallo
Tobin C. Harding
Steven Roose
junderw
Clark Moody