Currently we have a bunch of public errors in the `base58` crate. Only
two are returned by public functions `decode()` and
`decode_check()` (`Error` and `InvalidCharacterError` respectively).
- Close the two public errors by adding private inner errors.
- Add getters on the public errors to get the error data.
- Make all other errors private.
- Call `impl_from_infallible` for _all_ error types.
Done as part of #3261
We are currently using the `base58::Error` type to create errors in
`bitcoin`, these are bitcoin errors not `base58` errors.
Note that we add what looks like duplicate
`InvalidBase58PayloadLengthError` types but they are different because
of the expected length. This could have been a field but I elected not
to do so for two reasons:
1. We will need to do so anyways if we crate smash more
2. The `crypto::key` one can have one of two values 33 or 34.
With this applied we can remove the now unused error variants from
`base58::Error`.
In preparation for improving the `base58` error types crate an `error`
module and move the single current error type there. Make the module
public and reexport the type.