// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0 //! BIP152 Compact Blocks //! //! Implementation of compact blocks data structure and algorithms. //! use core::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto}; use core::{convert, fmt, mem}; #[cfg(feature = "std")] use std::error; use hashes::{sha256, siphash24, Hash}; use internals::impl_array_newtype; use io::{BufRead, Write}; use crate::consensus::encode::{self, Decodable, Encodable, VarInt}; use crate::internal_macros::{impl_bytes_newtype, impl_consensus_encoding}; use crate::prelude::*; use crate::{block, io, Block, BlockHash, Transaction}; /// A BIP-152 error #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] #[non_exhaustive] pub enum Error { /// An unknown version number was used. UnknownVersion, /// The prefill slice provided was invalid. InvalidPrefill, } impl fmt::Display for Error { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { match *self { Error::UnknownVersion => write!(f, "an unknown version number was used"), Error::InvalidPrefill => write!(f, "the prefill slice provided was invalid"), } } } #[cfg(feature = "std")] impl std::error::Error for Error { fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> { use self::Error::*; match *self { UnknownVersion | InvalidPrefill => None, } } } /// A [PrefilledTransaction] structure is used in [HeaderAndShortIds] to /// provide a list of a few transactions explicitly. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)] pub struct PrefilledTransaction { /// The index of the transaction in the block. /// /// This field is differentially encoded relative to the previous /// prefilled transaction as described as follows: /// /// > Several uses of CompactSize below are "differentially encoded". For /// > these, instead of using raw indexes, the number encoded is the /// > difference between the current index and the previous index, minus one. /// > For example, a first index of 0 implies a real index of 0, a second /// > index of 0 thereafter refers to a real index of 1, etc. pub idx: u16, /// The actual transaction. pub tx: Transaction, } impl convert::AsRef for PrefilledTransaction { fn as_ref(&self) -> &Transaction { &self.tx } } impl Encodable for PrefilledTransaction { #[inline] fn consensus_encode(&self, w: &mut W) -> Result { Ok(VarInt::from(self.idx).consensus_encode(w)? + self.tx.consensus_encode(w)?) } } impl Decodable for PrefilledTransaction { #[inline] fn consensus_decode(r: &mut R) -> Result { let idx = VarInt::consensus_decode(r)?.0; let idx = u16::try_from(idx) .map_err(|_| encode::Error::ParseFailed("BIP152 prefilled tx index out of bounds"))?; let tx = Transaction::consensus_decode(r)?; Ok(PrefilledTransaction { idx, tx }) } } /// Short transaction IDs are used to represent a transaction without sending a full 256-bit hash. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash, Default, PartialOrd, Ord)] pub struct ShortId([u8; 6]); impl_array_newtype!(ShortId, u8, 6); impl_bytes_newtype!(ShortId, 6); impl ShortId { /// Calculate the SipHash24 keys used to calculate short IDs. pub fn calculate_siphash_keys(header: &block::Header, nonce: u64) -> (u64, u64) { // 1. single-SHA256 hashing the block header with the nonce appended (in little-endian) let h = { let mut engine = sha256::Hash::engine(); header.consensus_encode(&mut engine).expect("engines don't error"); nonce.consensus_encode(&mut engine).expect("engines don't error"); sha256::Hash::from_engine(engine) }; // 2. Running SipHash-2-4 with the input being the transaction ID and the keys (k0/k1) // set to the first two little-endian 64-bit integers from the above hash, respectively. ( u64::from_le_bytes(h[0..8].try_into().expect("8 byte slice")), u64::from_le_bytes(h[8..16].try_into().expect("8 byte slice")), ) } /// Calculate the short ID with the given (w)txid and using the provided SipHash keys. pub fn with_siphash_keys>(txid: &T, siphash_keys: (u64, u64)) -> ShortId { // 2. Running SipHash-2-4 with the input being the transaction ID and the keys (k0/k1) // set to the first two little-endian 64-bit integers from the above hash, respectively. let hash = siphash24::Hash::hash_with_keys(siphash_keys.0, siphash_keys.1, txid.as_ref()); // 3. Dropping the 2 most significant bytes from the SipHash output to make it 6 bytes. let mut id = ShortId([0; 6]); id.0.copy_from_slice(&hash[0..6]); id } } impl Encodable for ShortId { #[inline] fn consensus_encode(&self, w: &mut W) -> Result { self.0.consensus_encode(w) } } impl Decodable for ShortId { #[inline] fn consensus_decode(r: &mut R) -> Result { Ok(ShortId(Decodable::consensus_decode(r)?)) } } /// A [HeaderAndShortIds] structure is used to relay a block header, the short /// transactions IDs used for matching already-available transactions, and a /// select few transactions which we expect a peer may be missing. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)] pub struct HeaderAndShortIds { /// The header of the block being provided. pub header: block::Header, /// A nonce for use in short transaction ID calculations. pub nonce: u64, /// The short transaction IDs calculated from the transactions /// which were not provided explicitly in prefilled_txs. pub short_ids: Vec, /// Used to provide the coinbase transaction and a select few /// which we expect a peer may be missing. pub prefilled_txs: Vec, } impl_consensus_encoding!(HeaderAndShortIds, header, nonce, short_ids, prefilled_txs); impl HeaderAndShortIds { /// Create a new [HeaderAndShortIds] from a full block. /// /// The version number must be either 1 or 2. /// /// The `prefill` slice indicates which transactions should be prefilled in /// the block. It should contain the indexes in the block of the txs to /// prefill. It must be ordered. 0 should not be included as the /// coinbase tx is always prefilled. /// /// > Nodes SHOULD NOT use the same nonce across multiple different blocks. pub fn from_block( block: &Block, nonce: u64, version: u32, mut prefill: &[usize], ) -> Result { if version != 1 && version != 2 { return Err(Error::UnknownVersion); } let siphash_keys = ShortId::calculate_siphash_keys(&block.header, nonce); let mut prefilled = Vec::with_capacity(prefill.len() + 1); // +1 for coinbase tx let mut short_ids = Vec::with_capacity(block.txdata.len() - prefill.len()); let mut last_prefill = 0; for (idx, tx) in block.txdata.iter().enumerate() { // Check if we should prefill this tx. let prefill_tx = if prefill.first() == Some(&idx) { prefill = &prefill[1..]; true } else { idx == 0 // Always prefill coinbase. }; if prefill_tx { let diff_idx = idx - last_prefill; last_prefill = idx + 1; prefilled.push(PrefilledTransaction { idx: diff_idx as u16, tx: match version { // > As encoded in "tx" messages sent in response to getdata MSG_TX 1 => { // strip witness for version 1 let mut no_witness = tx.clone(); no_witness.input.iter_mut().for_each(|i| i.witness.clear()); no_witness } // > Transactions inside cmpctblock messages (both those used as direct // > announcement and those in response to getdata) and in blocktxn should // > include witness data, using the same format as responses to getdata // > MSG_WITNESS_TX, specified in BIP144. 2 => tx.clone(), _ => unreachable!(), }, }); } else { short_ids.push(ShortId::with_siphash_keys( &match version { 1 => tx.compute_txid().to_raw_hash(), 2 => tx.compute_wtxid().to_raw_hash(), _ => unreachable!(), }, siphash_keys, )); } } if !prefill.is_empty() { return Err(Error::InvalidPrefill); } Ok(HeaderAndShortIds { header: block.header, nonce, // Provide coinbase prefilled. prefilled_txs: prefilled, short_ids, }) } } /// A [BlockTransactionsRequest] structure is used to list transaction indexes /// in a block being requested. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)] pub struct BlockTransactionsRequest { /// The blockhash of the block which the transactions being requested are in. pub block_hash: BlockHash, /// The indexes of the transactions being requested in the block. /// /// Warning: Encoding panics with [`u64::MAX`] values. See [`BlockTransactionsRequest::consensus_encode()`] pub indexes: Vec, } impl Encodable for BlockTransactionsRequest { /// # Panics /// /// Panics if the index overflows [`u64::MAX`]. This happens when [`BlockTransactionsRequest::indexes`] /// contains an entry with the value [`u64::MAX`] as `u64` overflows during differential encoding. fn consensus_encode(&self, w: &mut W) -> Result { let mut len = self.block_hash.consensus_encode(w)?; // Manually encode indexes because they are differentially encoded VarInts. len += VarInt(self.indexes.len() as u64).consensus_encode(w)?; let mut last_idx = 0; for idx in &self.indexes { len += VarInt(*idx - last_idx).consensus_encode(w)?; last_idx = *idx + 1; // can panic here } Ok(len) } } impl Decodable for BlockTransactionsRequest { fn consensus_decode(r: &mut R) -> Result { Ok(BlockTransactionsRequest { block_hash: BlockHash::consensus_decode(r)?, indexes: { // Manually decode indexes because they are differentially encoded VarInts. let nb_indexes = VarInt::consensus_decode(r)?.0 as usize; // Since the number of indices ultimately represent transactions, // we can limit the number of indices to the maximum number of // transactions that would be allowed in a vector. let byte_size = (nb_indexes) .checked_mul(mem::size_of::()) .ok_or(encode::Error::ParseFailed("Invalid length"))?; if byte_size > encode::MAX_VEC_SIZE { return Err(encode::Error::OversizedVectorAllocation { requested: byte_size, max: encode::MAX_VEC_SIZE, }); } let mut indexes = Vec::with_capacity(nb_indexes); let mut last_index: u64 = 0; for _ in 0..nb_indexes { let differential: VarInt = Decodable::consensus_decode(r)?; last_index = match last_index.checked_add(differential.0) { Some(i) => i, None => return Err(encode::Error::ParseFailed("block index overflow")), }; indexes.push(last_index); last_index = match last_index.checked_add(1) { Some(i) => i, None => return Err(encode::Error::ParseFailed("block index overflow")), }; } indexes }, }) } } /// A transaction index is requested that is out of range from the /// corresponding block. #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] #[non_exhaustive] pub struct TxIndexOutOfRangeError(u64); impl fmt::Display for TxIndexOutOfRangeError { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { write!( f, "a transaction index is requested that is \ out of range from the corresponding block: {}", self.0, ) } } #[cfg(feature = "std")] impl error::Error for TxIndexOutOfRangeError { fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> { None } } /// A [BlockTransactions] structure is used to provide some of the transactions /// in a block, as requested. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)] pub struct BlockTransactions { /// The blockhash of the block which the transactions being provided are in. pub block_hash: BlockHash, /// The transactions provided. pub transactions: Vec, } impl_consensus_encoding!(BlockTransactions, block_hash, transactions); impl BlockTransactions { /// Construct a [BlockTransactions] from a [BlockTransactionsRequest] and /// the corresponding full [Block] by providing all requested transactions. pub fn from_request( request: &BlockTransactionsRequest, block: &Block, ) -> Result { Ok(BlockTransactions { block_hash: request.block_hash, transactions: { let mut txs = Vec::with_capacity(request.indexes.len()); for idx in &request.indexes { if *idx >= block.txdata.len() as u64 { return Err(TxIndexOutOfRangeError(*idx)); } txs.push(block.txdata[*idx as usize].clone()); } txs }, }) } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use hex::FromHex; use super::*; use crate::blockdata::block::TxMerkleNode; use crate::blockdata::locktime::absolute; use crate::blockdata::transaction; use crate::consensus::encode::{deserialize, serialize}; use crate::{ Amount, CompactTarget, OutPoint, ScriptBuf, Sequence, Transaction, TxIn, TxOut, Txid, Witness, }; fn dummy_tx(nonce: &[u8]) -> Transaction { Transaction { version: transaction::Version::ONE, lock_time: absolute::LockTime::from_consensus(2), input: vec![TxIn { previous_output: OutPoint::new(Txid::hash(nonce), 0), script_sig: ScriptBuf::new(), sequence: Sequence(1), witness: Witness::new(), }], output: vec![TxOut { value: Amount::ONE_SAT, script_pubkey: ScriptBuf::new() }], } } fn dummy_block() -> Block { Block { header: block::Header { version: block::Version::ONE, prev_blockhash: BlockHash::hash(&[0]), merkle_root: TxMerkleNode::hash(&[1]), time: 2, bits: CompactTarget::from_consensus(3), nonce: 4, }, txdata: vec![dummy_tx(&[2]), dummy_tx(&[3]), dummy_tx(&[4])], } } #[test] fn test_header_and_short_ids_from_block() { let block = dummy_block(); let compact = HeaderAndShortIds::from_block(&block, 42, 2, &[]).unwrap(); assert_eq!(compact.nonce, 42); assert_eq!(compact.short_ids.len(), 2); assert_eq!(compact.prefilled_txs.len(), 1); assert_eq!(compact.prefilled_txs[0].idx, 0); assert_eq!(&compact.prefilled_txs[0].tx, &block.txdata[0]); let compact = HeaderAndShortIds::from_block(&block, 42, 2, &[0, 1, 2]).unwrap(); let idxs = compact.prefilled_txs.iter().map(|t| t.idx).collect::>(); assert_eq!(idxs, vec![0, 0, 0]); let compact = HeaderAndShortIds::from_block(&block, 42, 2, &[2]).unwrap(); let idxs = compact.prefilled_txs.iter().map(|t| t.idx).collect::>(); assert_eq!(idxs, vec![0, 1]); } #[test] fn test_compact_block_vector() { // Tested with Elements implementation of compact blocks. let raw_block = Vec::::from_hex("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").unwrap(); let raw_compact = Vec::::from_hex("000000206c750a364035aefd5f81508a08769975116d9195312ee4520dceac39e1fdc62c4dc67473b8e354358c1e610afeaff7410858bd45df43e2940f8a62bd3d5e3ac943c2975cffff7f2000000000a4df3c3744da89fa010a6979e971450100020000000001010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff04016b0101ffffffff020006062a0100000001510000000000000000266a24aa21a9ed4a3d9f3343dafcc0d6f6d4310f2ee5ce273ed34edca6c75db3a73e7f368734200120000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000").unwrap(); let block: Block = deserialize(&raw_block).unwrap(); let nonce = 18053200567810711460; let compact = HeaderAndShortIds::from_block(&block, nonce, 2, &[]).unwrap(); let compact_expected = deserialize(&raw_compact).unwrap(); assert_eq!(compact, compact_expected); } #[test] fn test_getblocktx_differential_encoding_de_and_serialization() { let testcases = vec![ // differentially encoded VarInts, indicies (vec![4, 0, 5, 1, 10], vec![0, 6, 8, 19]), (vec![1, 0], vec![0]), (vec![5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], vec![0, 1, 2, 3, 4]), (vec![3, 1, 1, 1], vec![1, 3, 5]), (vec![3, 0, 0, 253, 0, 1], vec![0, 1, 258]), // .., 253, 0, 1] == VarInt(256) ]; let deser_errorcases = vec![ vec![2, 255, 254, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0], // .., 255, 254, .., 255] == VarInt(u64::MAX-1) vec![1, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255], // .., 255, 255, .., 255] == VarInt(u64::MAX) ]; for testcase in testcases { { // test deserialization let mut raw: Vec = [0u8; 32].to_vec(); raw.extend(testcase.0.clone()); let btr: BlockTransactionsRequest = deserialize(&raw.to_vec()).unwrap(); assert_eq!(testcase.1, btr.indexes); } { // test serialization let raw: Vec = serialize(&BlockTransactionsRequest { block_hash: Hash::all_zeros(), indexes: testcase.1, }); let mut expected_raw: Vec = [0u8; 32].to_vec(); expected_raw.extend(testcase.0); assert_eq!(expected_raw, raw); } } for errorcase in deser_errorcases { { // test that we return Err() if deserialization fails (and don't panic) let mut raw: Vec = [0u8; 32].to_vec(); raw.extend(errorcase); assert!(deserialize::(&raw.to_vec()).is_err()); } } } #[test] #[should_panic] // 'attempt to add with overflow' in consensus_encode() fn test_getblocktx_panic_when_encoding_u64_max() { serialize(&BlockTransactionsRequest { block_hash: Hash::all_zeros(), indexes: vec![core::u64::MAX], }); } }