rust-bitcoin-unsafe-fast/hashes/src/sha512.rs

439 lines
19 KiB
Rust

// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
//! SHA512 implementation.
//!
use core::ops::Index;
use core::slice::SliceIndex;
use core::{cmp, str};
use crate::{FromSliceError, HashEngine as _};
crate::internal_macros::hash_type! {
512,
false,
"Output of the SHA512 hash function."
}
#[cfg(not(hashes_fuzz))]
pub(crate) fn from_engine(mut e: HashEngine) -> Hash {
// pad buffer with a single 1-bit then all 0s, until there are exactly 16 bytes remaining
let data_len = e.length as u64;
let zeroes = [0; BLOCK_SIZE - 16];
e.input(&[0x80]);
if e.length % BLOCK_SIZE > zeroes.len() {
e.input(&zeroes);
}
let pad_length = zeroes.len() - (e.length % BLOCK_SIZE);
e.input(&zeroes[..pad_length]);
debug_assert_eq!(e.length % BLOCK_SIZE, zeroes.len());
e.input(&[0; 8]);
e.input(&(8 * data_len).to_be_bytes());
debug_assert_eq!(e.length % BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
Hash(e.midstate())
}
#[cfg(hashes_fuzz)]
pub(crate) fn from_engine(e: HashEngine) -> Hash {
let mut hash = e.midstate();
hash[0] ^= 0xff; // Make this distinct from SHA-256
Hash(hash)
}
pub(crate) const BLOCK_SIZE: usize = 128;
/// Engine to compute SHA512 hash function.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct HashEngine {
h: [u64; 8],
length: usize,
buffer: [u8; BLOCK_SIZE],
}
impl Default for HashEngine {
#[rustfmt::skip]
fn default() -> Self {
HashEngine {
h: [
0x6a09e667f3bcc908, 0xbb67ae8584caa73b, 0x3c6ef372fe94f82b, 0xa54ff53a5f1d36f1,
0x510e527fade682d1, 0x9b05688c2b3e6c1f, 0x1f83d9abfb41bd6b, 0x5be0cd19137e2179,
],
length: 0,
buffer: [0; BLOCK_SIZE],
}
}
}
impl HashEngine {
/// Constructs a hash engine suitable for use inside the default `sha512_256::HashEngine`.
#[rustfmt::skip]
pub(crate) fn sha512_256() -> Self {
HashEngine {
h: [
0x22312194fc2bf72c, 0x9f555fa3c84c64c2, 0x2393b86b6f53b151, 0x963877195940eabd,
0x96283ee2a88effe3, 0xbe5e1e2553863992, 0x2b0199fc2c85b8aa, 0x0eb72ddc81c52ca2,
],
length: 0,
buffer: [0; BLOCK_SIZE],
}
}
}
impl crate::HashEngine for HashEngine {
type MidState = [u8; 64];
#[cfg(not(hashes_fuzz))]
fn midstate(&self) -> [u8; 64] {
let mut ret = [0; 64];
for (val, ret_bytes) in self.h.iter().zip(ret.chunks_exact_mut(8)) {
ret_bytes.copy_from_slice(&val.to_be_bytes());
}
ret
}
#[cfg(hashes_fuzz)]
fn midstate(&self) -> [u8; 64] {
let mut ret = [0; 64];
ret.copy_from_slice(&self.buffer[..64]);
ret
}
const BLOCK_SIZE: usize = 128;
fn n_bytes_hashed(&self) -> usize { self.length }
engine_input_impl!();
}
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
fn Ch(x: u64, y: u64, z: u64) -> u64 { z ^ (x & (y ^ z)) }
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
fn Maj(x: u64, y: u64, z: u64) -> u64 { (x & y) | (z & (x | y)) }
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
fn Sigma0(x: u64) -> u64 { x.rotate_left(36) ^ x.rotate_left(30) ^ x.rotate_left(25) }
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
fn Sigma1(x: u64) -> u64 { x.rotate_left(50) ^ x.rotate_left(46) ^ x.rotate_left(23) }
fn sigma0(x: u64) -> u64 { x.rotate_left(63) ^ x.rotate_left(56) ^ (x >> 7) }
fn sigma1(x: u64) -> u64 { x.rotate_left(45) ^ x.rotate_left(3) ^ (x >> 6) }
#[cfg(feature = "small-hash")]
#[macro_use]
mod small_hash {
use super::*;
#[rustfmt::skip]
pub(super) fn round(a: u64, b: u64, c: u64, d: &mut u64, e: u64,
f: u64, g: u64, h: &mut u64, k: u64, w: u64,
) {
let t1 =
h.wrapping_add(Sigma1(e)).wrapping_add(Ch(e, f, g)).wrapping_add(k).wrapping_add(w);
let t2 = Sigma0(a).wrapping_add(Maj(a, b, c));
*d = d.wrapping_add(t1);
*h = t1.wrapping_add(t2);
}
#[rustfmt::skip]
pub(super) fn later_round(a: u64, b: u64, c: u64, d: &mut u64, e: u64,
f: u64, g: u64, h: &mut u64, k: u64, w: u64,
w1: u64, w2: u64, w3: u64,
) -> u64 {
let w = w.wrapping_add(sigma1(w1)).wrapping_add(w2).wrapping_add(sigma0(w3));
round(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, k, w);
w
}
macro_rules! round(
// first round
($a:expr, $b:expr, $c:expr, $d:expr, $e:expr, $f:expr, $g:expr, $h:expr, $k:expr, $w:expr) => (
small_hash::round($a, $b, $c, &mut $d, $e, $f, $g, &mut $h, $k, $w)
);
// later rounds we reassign $w before doing the first-round computation
($a:expr, $b:expr, $c:expr, $d:expr, $e:expr, $f:expr, $g:expr, $h:expr, $k:expr, $w:expr, $w1:expr, $w2:expr, $w3:expr) => (
$w = small_hash::later_round($a, $b, $c, &mut $d, $e, $f, $g, &mut $h, $k, $w, $w1, $w2, $w3)
)
);
}
#[cfg(not(feature = "small-hash"))]
#[macro_use]
mod fast_hash {
macro_rules! round(
// first round
($a:expr, $b:expr, $c:expr, $d:expr, $e:expr, $f:expr, $g:expr, $h:expr, $k:expr, $w:expr) => (
let t1 = $h.wrapping_add(Sigma1($e)).wrapping_add(Ch($e, $f, $g)).wrapping_add($k).wrapping_add($w);
let t2 = Sigma0($a).wrapping_add(Maj($a, $b, $c));
$d = $d.wrapping_add(t1);
$h = t1.wrapping_add(t2);
);
// later rounds we reassign $w before doing the first-round computation
($a:expr, $b:expr, $c:expr, $d:expr, $e:expr, $f:expr, $g:expr, $h:expr, $k:expr, $w:expr, $w1:expr, $w2:expr, $w3:expr) => (
$w = $w.wrapping_add(sigma1($w1)).wrapping_add($w2).wrapping_add(sigma0($w3));
round!($a, $b, $c, $d, $e, $f, $g, $h, $k, $w);
)
);
}
impl HashEngine {
// Algorithm copied from libsecp256k1
pub(crate) fn process_block(&mut self) {
debug_assert_eq!(self.buffer.len(), BLOCK_SIZE);
let mut w = [0u64; 16];
for (w_val, buff_bytes) in w.iter_mut().zip(self.buffer.chunks_exact(8)) {
*w_val = u64::from_be_bytes(buff_bytes.try_into().expect("8 byte slice"));
}
let mut a = self.h[0];
let mut b = self.h[1];
let mut c = self.h[2];
let mut d = self.h[3];
let mut e = self.h[4];
let mut f = self.h[5];
let mut g = self.h[6];
let mut h = self.h[7];
round!(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0x428a2f98d728ae22, w[0]);
round!(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0x7137449123ef65cd, w[1]);
round!(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0xb5c0fbcfec4d3b2f, w[2]);
round!(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0xe9b5dba58189dbbc, w[3]);
round!(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x3956c25bf348b538, w[4]);
round!(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x59f111f1b605d019, w[5]);
round!(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x923f82a4af194f9b, w[6]);
round!(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0xab1c5ed5da6d8118, w[7]);
round!(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0xd807aa98a3030242, w[8]);
round!(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0x12835b0145706fbe, w[9]);
round!(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0x243185be4ee4b28c, w[10]);
round!(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0x550c7dc3d5ffb4e2, w[11]);
round!(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x72be5d74f27b896f, w[12]);
round!(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x80deb1fe3b1696b1, w[13]);
round!(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x9bdc06a725c71235, w[14]);
round!(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0xc19bf174cf692694, w[15]);
round!(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0xe49b69c19ef14ad2, w[0], w[14], w[9], w[1]);
round!(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0xefbe4786384f25e3, w[1], w[15], w[10], w[2]);
round!(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0x0fc19dc68b8cd5b5, w[2], w[0], w[11], w[3]);
round!(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0x240ca1cc77ac9c65, w[3], w[1], w[12], w[4]);
round!(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x2de92c6f592b0275, w[4], w[2], w[13], w[5]);
round!(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x4a7484aa6ea6e483, w[5], w[3], w[14], w[6]);
round!(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x5cb0a9dcbd41fbd4, w[6], w[4], w[15], w[7]);
round!(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x76f988da831153b5, w[7], w[5], w[0], w[8]);
round!(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0x983e5152ee66dfab, w[8], w[6], w[1], w[9]);
round!(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0xa831c66d2db43210, w[9], w[7], w[2], w[10]);
round!(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0xb00327c898fb213f, w[10], w[8], w[3], w[11]);
round!(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0xbf597fc7beef0ee4, w[11], w[9], w[4], w[12]);
round!(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0xc6e00bf33da88fc2, w[12], w[10], w[5], w[13]);
round!(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0xd5a79147930aa725, w[13], w[11], w[6], w[14]);
round!(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x06ca6351e003826f, w[14], w[12], w[7], w[15]);
round!(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x142929670a0e6e70, w[15], w[13], w[8], w[0]);
round!(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0x27b70a8546d22ffc, w[0], w[14], w[9], w[1]);
round!(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0x2e1b21385c26c926, w[1], w[15], w[10], w[2]);
round!(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0x4d2c6dfc5ac42aed, w[2], w[0], w[11], w[3]);
round!(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0x53380d139d95b3df, w[3], w[1], w[12], w[4]);
round!(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x650a73548baf63de, w[4], w[2], w[13], w[5]);
round!(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x766a0abb3c77b2a8, w[5], w[3], w[14], w[6]);
round!(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x81c2c92e47edaee6, w[6], w[4], w[15], w[7]);
round!(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x92722c851482353b, w[7], w[5], w[0], w[8]);
round!(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0xa2bfe8a14cf10364, w[8], w[6], w[1], w[9]);
round!(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0xa81a664bbc423001, w[9], w[7], w[2], w[10]);
round!(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0xc24b8b70d0f89791, w[10], w[8], w[3], w[11]);
round!(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0xc76c51a30654be30, w[11], w[9], w[4], w[12]);
round!(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0xd192e819d6ef5218, w[12], w[10], w[5], w[13]);
round!(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0xd69906245565a910, w[13], w[11], w[6], w[14]);
round!(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0xf40e35855771202a, w[14], w[12], w[7], w[15]);
round!(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x106aa07032bbd1b8, w[15], w[13], w[8], w[0]);
round!(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0x19a4c116b8d2d0c8, w[0], w[14], w[9], w[1]);
round!(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0x1e376c085141ab53, w[1], w[15], w[10], w[2]);
round!(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0x2748774cdf8eeb99, w[2], w[0], w[11], w[3]);
round!(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0x34b0bcb5e19b48a8, w[3], w[1], w[12], w[4]);
round!(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x391c0cb3c5c95a63, w[4], w[2], w[13], w[5]);
round!(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x4ed8aa4ae3418acb, w[5], w[3], w[14], w[6]);
round!(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x5b9cca4f7763e373, w[6], w[4], w[15], w[7]);
round!(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x682e6ff3d6b2b8a3, w[7], w[5], w[0], w[8]);
round!(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0x748f82ee5defb2fc, w[8], w[6], w[1], w[9]);
round!(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0x78a5636f43172f60, w[9], w[7], w[2], w[10]);
round!(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0x84c87814a1f0ab72, w[10], w[8], w[3], w[11]);
round!(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0x8cc702081a6439ec, w[11], w[9], w[4], w[12]);
round!(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x90befffa23631e28, w[12], w[10], w[5], w[13]);
round!(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0xa4506cebde82bde9, w[13], w[11], w[6], w[14]);
round!(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0xbef9a3f7b2c67915, w[14], w[12], w[7], w[15]);
round!(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0xc67178f2e372532b, w[15], w[13], w[8], w[0]);
round!(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0xca273eceea26619c, w[0], w[14], w[9], w[1]);
round!(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0xd186b8c721c0c207, w[1], w[15], w[10], w[2]);
round!(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0xeada7dd6cde0eb1e, w[2], w[0], w[11], w[3]);
round!(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0xf57d4f7fee6ed178, w[3], w[1], w[12], w[4]);
round!(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x06f067aa72176fba, w[4], w[2], w[13], w[5]);
round!(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x0a637dc5a2c898a6, w[5], w[3], w[14], w[6]);
round!(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x113f9804bef90dae, w[6], w[4], w[15], w[7]);
round!(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x1b710b35131c471b, w[7], w[5], w[0], w[8]);
round!(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0x28db77f523047d84, w[8], w[6], w[1], w[9]);
round!(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0x32caab7b40c72493, w[9], w[7], w[2], w[10]);
round!(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0x3c9ebe0a15c9bebc, w[10], w[8], w[3], w[11]);
round!(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0x431d67c49c100d4c, w[11], w[9], w[4], w[12]);
round!(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x4cc5d4becb3e42b6, w[12], w[10], w[5], w[13]);
round!(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x597f299cfc657e2a, w[13], w[11], w[6], w[14]);
round!(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x5fcb6fab3ad6faec, w[14], w[12], w[7], w[15]);
round!(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x6c44198c4a475817, w[15], w[13], w[8], w[0]);
self.h[0] = self.h[0].wrapping_add(a);
self.h[1] = self.h[1].wrapping_add(b);
self.h[2] = self.h[2].wrapping_add(c);
self.h[3] = self.h[3].wrapping_add(d);
self.h[4] = self.h[4].wrapping_add(e);
self.h[5] = self.h[5].wrapping_add(f);
self.h[6] = self.h[6].wrapping_add(g);
self.h[7] = self.h[7].wrapping_add(h);
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
#[test]
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
fn test() {
use crate::{sha512, Hash, HashEngine};
#[derive(Clone)]
struct Test {
input: &'static str,
output: Vec<u8>,
output_str: &'static str,
}
#[rustfmt::skip]
let tests = vec![
// Test vectors computed with `sha512sum`
Test {
input: "",
output: vec![
0xcf, 0x83, 0xe1, 0x35, 0x7e, 0xef, 0xb8, 0xbd,
0xf1, 0x54, 0x28, 0x50, 0xd6, 0x6d, 0x80, 0x07,
0xd6, 0x20, 0xe4, 0x05, 0x0b, 0x57, 0x15, 0xdc,
0x83, 0xf4, 0xa9, 0x21, 0xd3, 0x6c, 0xe9, 0xce,
0x47, 0xd0, 0xd1, 0x3c, 0x5d, 0x85, 0xf2, 0xb0,
0xff, 0x83, 0x18, 0xd2, 0x87, 0x7e, 0xec, 0x2f,
0x63, 0xb9, 0x31, 0xbd, 0x47, 0x41, 0x7a, 0x81,
0xa5, 0x38, 0x32, 0x7a, 0xf9, 0x27, 0xda, 0x3e,
],
output_str: "cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e"
},
Test {
input: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog",
output: vec![
0x07, 0xe5, 0x47, 0xd9, 0x58, 0x6f, 0x6a, 0x73,
0xf7, 0x3f, 0xba, 0xc0, 0x43, 0x5e, 0xd7, 0x69,
0x51, 0x21, 0x8f, 0xb7, 0xd0, 0xc8, 0xd7, 0x88,
0xa3, 0x09, 0xd7, 0x85, 0x43, 0x6b, 0xbb, 0x64,
0x2e, 0x93, 0xa2, 0x52, 0xa9, 0x54, 0xf2, 0x39,
0x12, 0x54, 0x7d, 0x1e, 0x8a, 0x3b, 0x5e, 0xd6,
0xe1, 0xbf, 0xd7, 0x09, 0x78, 0x21, 0x23, 0x3f,
0xa0, 0x53, 0x8f, 0x3d, 0xb8, 0x54, 0xfe, 0xe6,
],
output_str: "07e547d9586f6a73f73fbac0435ed76951218fb7d0c8d788a309d785436bbb642e93a252a954f23912547d1e8a3b5ed6e1bfd7097821233fa0538f3db854fee6",
},
Test {
input: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.",
output: vec![
0x91, 0xea, 0x12, 0x45, 0xf2, 0x0d, 0x46, 0xae,
0x9a, 0x03, 0x7a, 0x98, 0x9f, 0x54, 0xf1, 0xf7,
0x90, 0xf0, 0xa4, 0x76, 0x07, 0xee, 0xb8, 0xa1,
0x4d, 0x12, 0x89, 0x0c, 0xea, 0x77, 0xa1, 0xbb,
0xc6, 0xc7, 0xed, 0x9c, 0xf2, 0x05, 0xe6, 0x7b,
0x7f, 0x2b, 0x8f, 0xd4, 0xc7, 0xdf, 0xd3, 0xa7,
0xa8, 0x61, 0x7e, 0x45, 0xf3, 0xc4, 0x63, 0xd4,
0x81, 0xc7, 0xe5, 0x86, 0xc3, 0x9a, 0xc1, 0xed,
],
output_str: "91ea1245f20d46ae9a037a989f54f1f790f0a47607eeb8a14d12890cea77a1bbc6c7ed9cf205e67b7f2b8fd4c7dfd3a7a8617e45f3c463d481c7e586c39ac1ed",
},
];
for test in tests {
// Hash through high-level API, check hex encoding/decoding
let hash = sha512::Hash::hash(test.input.as_bytes());
assert_eq!(hash, test.output_str.parse::<sha512::Hash>().expect("parse hex"));
assert_eq!(&hash[..], &test.output[..]);
assert_eq!(&hash.to_string(), &test.output_str);
// Hash through engine, checking that we can input byte by byte
let mut engine = sha512::Hash::engine();
for ch in test.input.as_bytes() {
engine.input(&[*ch]);
}
let manual_hash = sha512::Hash::from_engine(engine);
assert_eq!(hash, manual_hash);
assert_eq!(hash.to_byte_array()[..].as_ref(), test.output.as_slice());
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
#[test]
fn sha512_serde() {
use serde_test::{assert_tokens, Configure, Token};
use crate::{sha512, Hash};
#[rustfmt::skip]
static HASH_BYTES: [u8; 64] = [
0x8b, 0x41, 0xe1, 0xb7, 0x8a, 0xd1, 0x15, 0x21,
0x11, 0x3c, 0x52, 0xff, 0x18, 0x2a, 0x1b, 0x8e,
0x0a, 0x19, 0x57, 0x54, 0xaa, 0x52, 0x7f, 0xcd,
0x00, 0xa4, 0x11, 0x62, 0x0b, 0x46, 0xf2, 0x0f,
0xff, 0xfb, 0x80, 0x88, 0xcc, 0xf8, 0x54, 0x97,
0x12, 0x1a, 0xd4, 0x49, 0x9e, 0x08, 0x45, 0xb8,
0x76, 0xf6, 0xdd, 0x66, 0x40, 0x08, 0x8a, 0x2f,
0x0b, 0x2d, 0x8a, 0x60, 0x0b, 0xdf, 0x4c, 0x0c,
];
let hash = sha512::Hash::from_slice(&HASH_BYTES).expect("right number of bytes");
assert_tokens(&hash.compact(), &[Token::BorrowedBytes(&HASH_BYTES[..])]);
assert_tokens(
&hash.readable(),
&[Token::Str(
"8b41e1b78ad11521113c52ff182a1b8e0a195754aa527fcd00a411620b46f20f\
fffb8088ccf85497121ad4499e0845b876f6dd6640088a2f0b2d8a600bdf4c0c",
)],
);
}
}
#[cfg(bench)]
mod benches {
use test::Bencher;
use crate::{sha512, Hash, HashEngine};
#[bench]
pub fn sha512_10(bh: &mut Bencher) {
let mut engine = sha512::Hash::engine();
let bytes = [1u8; 10];
bh.iter(|| {
engine.input(&bytes);
});
bh.bytes = bytes.len() as u64;
}
#[bench]
pub fn sha512_1k(bh: &mut Bencher) {
let mut engine = sha512::Hash::engine();
let bytes = [1u8; 1024];
bh.iter(|| {
engine.input(&bytes);
});
bh.bytes = bytes.len() as u64;
}
#[bench]
pub fn sha512_64k(bh: &mut Bencher) {
let mut engine = sha512::Hash::engine();
let bytes = [1u8; 65536];
bh.iter(|| {
engine.input(&bytes);
});
bh.bytes = bytes.len() as u64;
}
}