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# Quorum Team
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The Quorum Team is a team of individuals who are selected to perform different
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roles related to a QVS. Some of the Quorum Team members have ongoing roles,
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while others may participate in a partial manner.
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Depending on the type of actions performed, some or all of the members of the
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Quorum may be required to participate. For example, it is recommended that there
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is at least 1 witness for all sensitive actions, but having 3 witnesses during
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the primary Key Derivation Ceremony can give better assurances that the most
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crucial part of the ceremony was properly conducted.
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The roles which are required for the Quorum Team are the following:
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## Operator
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Operators are individuals who protect [Smart Cards](equipment.md) which
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store a [GPG Key Certificate](glossary.md#gpg-certificate), which is used
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for encrypting information, such as the [Location Key](glossary.md#location-key)
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PINs as well as other [Ceremony Artifacts](reduntant-storage-of-ceremony-artifacts.md).
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They are also individuals who participate in Ceremonies in order to Reconstitute
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the key and perform actions with it.
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## Controller
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Controllers are an additional optional role which can be used to protect access
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to the physical locations which hold the Location Keys. Some vaulting solutions
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allow for requiring more than 1 individual in order to access a vault. Multiple
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Controllers may be used to protect access to physical locations - according to
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risk appetite.
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## Witness
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Witnesses are individuals who are familiar with the QVS specification, and can
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ensure that the different aspects of the system are set up correctly, and
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processes carried out as they should be. The main objective of the witnesses is
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to monitor and attest that processes such as the ceremonies are done according
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to the strictly prescribed rules.
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## Courier
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This role can be fulfilled by members of the Quorum Team and their main role is
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getting materials to their designated locations - the main task being getting
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the Location Keys securely to their physical location.
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