keyfork-crossterm: initial commit, import project

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Ryan Heywood 2024-01-10 21:04:43 -05:00
parent 11ced19bc5
commit e1347d94c0
Signed by: ryan
GPG Key ID: 8E401478A3FBEF72
75 changed files with 12940 additions and 0 deletions

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# Build only pushed (merged) master or any pull request. This avoids the
# pull request to be build twice.
branches:
only:
- master
language: rust
rust:
- stable
- nightly
os:
- linux
- windows
- osx
git:
depth: 1
quiet: true
matrix:
allow_failures:
- rust: nightly
before_script:
- export PATH=$PATH:/home/travis/.cargo/bin
- rustup component add rustfmt
- rustup component add clippy
script:
- cargo fmt --version
- rustup --version
- rustc --version
- if [ "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION" = "stable" ]; then cargo fmt --all -- --check; fi
- cargo clippy -- -D clippy::all
- cargo build
- cargo test --lib -- --nocapture --test-threads 1
- cargo test --lib --features serde -- --nocapture --test-threads 1
- cargo test --lib --features event-stream -- --nocapture --test-threads 1
- cargo test --all-features -- --nocapture --test-threads 1
- if [ "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION" = "stable" ]; then cargo package; fi

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# Version 0.27.1
## Added ⭐
- Add support for (de)serializing `Reset` `Color`
# Version 0.27
## Added ⭐
- Add `NO_COLOR` support (https://no-color.org/)
- Add option to force overwrite `NO_COLOR` (#802)
- Add support for scroll left/right events on windows and unix systems (#788).
- Add `window_size` function to fetch pixel width/height of screen for more sophisticated rendering in terminals.
- Add support for deserializing hex color strings to `Color` e.g #fffff.
## Changes
- Make the events module an optional feature `events` (to make crossterm more lightweight) (#776)
## Breaking ⚠️
- Set minimum rustc version to 1.58 (#798)
- Change all error types to `std::io::Result` (#765)
# Version 0.26.1
## Added ⭐
- Add synchronized output/update control (#756)
- Add kitty report alternate keys functionality (#754)
- Updates dev dependencies.
## Fixed 🐛
- Fix icorrect return in kitty keyboard enhancement check (#751)
- Fix panic when using `use-dev-tty` feature flag (#762)
# Version 0.26.0
## Added ⭐
- Add `SetCursorStyle` to set the cursor apearance and visibility. (#742)
- Add a function to check if kitty keyboard enhancement protocol is available. (#732)
- Add filedescriptors poll in order to move away from mio in the future (can be used via `use-dev-tty`). (#735)
## Fixed 🐛
- Improved F1-F4 handling for kitty keyboard protocol. (#736)
- Improved parsing of event types/modifiers with certain keys for kitty protocol. (#716)
## Breaking ⚠️
- Remove `SetCursorShape` in favour of `SetCursorStyle`. (#742)
- Make Windows resize event match `terminal::size` (#714)
- Rust 1.58 or later is now required.
- Add key release event for windows. (#745)
# Version 0.25.0
BREAKING: `Copy` trait is removed from `Event`, you can keep it by removing the "bracked-paste" feature flag. However this flag might be standardized in the future.
We removed the `Copy` from `Event` because the new `Paste` event, which contains a pasted string into the terminal, which is a non-copy string.
- Add ability to paste a string in into the terminal and fetch the pasted string via events (see `Event::Paste` and `EnableBracketedPaste `).
- Add support for functional key codes from kitty keyboard protocol. Try out by `PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`. This protocol allows for:
- See: https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/keyboard-protocol/#modifiers
- Press, Repeat, Release event kinds.
- SUPER, HYPER, META modifiers.
- Media keycodes
- Right/left SHIFT, Control, Alt, Super, Hyper, Meta
- IsoLevel3Shift, IsoLevel5Shift
- Capslock, scroll lock, numlock
- Printscreen, pauze, menue, keyboard begin.
- Create `SetStyle` command to allow setting various styling in one command.
- Terminal Focus events (see `Event::FocusGained` and `Event::FocusLost`)
# Version 0.24.0
- Add DoubleUnderlined, Undercurled, Underdots the text, Underdotted, Underdashes, Underdashed attributes and allow coloring their foreground / background color.
- Fix windows unicode character parsing, this fixed various key combinations and support typing unicode characters.
- Consistency and better documentation on mouse cursor operations (BREAKING CHANGE).
- MoveTo, MoveToColumn, MoveToRow are 0-based. (left top most cell is 0,0). Moving like this is absolute
- MoveToNextLine, MoveToPreviousLine, MoveUp, MoveDown, MoveRight, MoveLeft are 1-based,. Moving like this is relative. Moving 1 left means moving 1 left. Moving 0 to the left is not possible, wikipedia states that most terminals will just default to 1.
- terminal::size returns error when previously it returned (0,0).
- Remove println from serialisation code.
- Fix mouse up for middle and right buttons.
- Fix escape codes on Git-Bash + Windows Terminal / Alacritty / WezTerm.
- Add support for cursor keys in application mode.
# Version 0.23.2
- Update signal-hook and mio to version 0.8.
# Version 0.23.1
- Fix control key parsing problem.
# Version 0.23
- Update dependencies.
- Add 0 check for all cursor functions to prevent undefined behaviour.
- Add CSIu key parsing for unix.
- Improve control character window key parsing supporting (e.g. CTRL [ and ])
- Update library to 2021 edition.
# Version 0.22.1
- Update yanked version crossterm-winapi and move to crossterm-winapi 0.9.0.
- Changed panic to error when calling disable-mouse capture without setting it first.
- Update bitflags dependency.
# Version 0.22
- Fix serde Color serialisation/deserialization inconsistency.
- Update crossterm-winapi 0.8.1 to fix panic for certain mouse events
# Version 0.21
- Expose `is_raw` function.
- Add 'purge' option on unix system, this clears the entire screen buffer.
- Improve serialisation for color enum values.
# Version 0.20
- Update from signal-hook with 'mio-feature flag' to signal-hook-mio 0.2.1.
- Manually implements Eq, PartialEq and Hash for KeyEvent improving equality checks and hash calculation.
- `crossterm::ErrorKind` to `io::Error`.
- Added Cursor Shape Support.
- Add support for function keys F13...F20.
- Support taking any Display in `SetTitle` command.
- Remove lazy_static dependency.
- Remove extra Clone bounds in the style module.
- Add `MoveToRow` command.
- Remove writer parameter from execute_winapi
# Version 0.19
- Use single thread for async event reader.
- Patch timeout handling for event polling this was not working correctly.
- Add unix support for more key combinations mainly complex ones with ALT/SHIFT/CTRL.
- Derive `PartialEq` and `Eq` for ContentStyle
- Fix windows resize event size, this used to be the buffer size but is screen size now.
- Change `Command::ansi_code` to `Command::write_ansi`, this way the ansi code will be written to given formatter.
# Version 0.18.2
- Fix panic when only setting bold and redirecting stdout.
- Use `tty_fd` for set/get terminal attributes
# Version 0.18.1
- Fix enabling ANSI support when stdout is redirected
- Update crossterm-winapi to 0.6.2
# Version 0.18.0
- Fix get position bug
- Fix windows 8 or lower write to user-given stdout instead of stdout.
- Make MoveCursor(Left/Right/Up/Dow) command with input 0 not move.
- Switch to futures-core to reduce dependencies.
- Command API restricts to only accept `std::io::Write`
- Make `supports_ansi` public
- Implement ALT + numbers windows systems.
# Version 0.17.7
- Fix cursor position retrieval bug linux.
# Version 0.17.6
- Add functionality to retrieve color based on passed ansi code.
- Switch from 'futures' to 'futures-util' crate to reduce dependency count
- Mio 0.7 update
- signal-hook update
- Make windows raw_mode act on CONIN$
- Added From<(u8, u8, u8)> Trait to Color::Rgb Enum
- Implement Color::try_from()
- Implement styler traits for `&'a str`
# Version 0.17.5
- Improved support of keymodifier for linux, arrow keys, function keys, home keys etc.
- Add `SetTitle` command to change the terminal title.
- Mio 0.7 update
# Version 0.17.4
- Add macros for `Colorize` and `Styler` impls, add an impl for `String`
- Add shift modifier to uppercase char events on unix
# Version 0.17.3
- Fix get terminal size mac os, this did not report the correct size.
# Version 0.17.2
- Windows unicode support
# Version 0.17.1
- Reverted bug in 0.17.0: "Make terminal size function fallback to `STDOUT_FILENO` if `/dev/tty` is missing.".
- Support for querying whether the current instance is a TTY.
# Version 0.17
- Impl Display for MoveToColumn, MoveToNextLine, MoveToPreviousLine
- Make unix event reader always use `/dev/tty`.
- Direct write command ansi_codes into formatter instead of double allocation.
- Add NONE flag to KeyModifiers
- Add support for converting chars to StylizedContent
- Make terminal size function fallback to `STDOUT_FILENO` if `/dev/tty` is missing.
# Version 0.16.0
- Change attribute vector in `ContentStyle` to bitmask.
- Add `SetAttributes` command.
- Add `Attributes` type, which is a bitfield of enabled attributes.
- Remove `exit()`, was useless.
# Version 0.15.0
- Fix CTRL + J key combination. This used to return an ENTER event.
- Add a generic implementation `Command` for `&T: Command`. This allows commands to be queued by reference, as well as by value.
- Remove unnecessary `Clone` trait bounds from `StyledContent`.
- Add `StyledContent::style_mut`.
- Handle error correctly for `execute!` and `queue!`.
- Fix minor syntax bug in `execute!` and `queue!`.
- Change `ContentStyle::apply` to take self by value instead of reference, to prevent an unnecessary extra clone.
- Added basic trait implementations (`Debug`, `Clone`, `Copy`, etc) to all of the command structs
- `ResetColor` uses `&'static str` instead of `String`
# Version 0.14.2
- Fix TIOCGWINSZ for FreeBSD
# Version 0.14.1
- Made windows cursor position relative to the window instead absolute to the screen buffer windows.
- Fix windows bug with `queue` macro were it consumed a type and required an type to be `Copy`.
# Version 0.14
- Replace the `input` module with brand new `event` module
- Terminal Resize Events
- Advanced modifier (SHIFT | ALT | CTRL) support for both mouse and key events and
- futures Stream (feature 'event-stream')
- Poll/read API
- It's **highly recommended** to read the
[Upgrade from 0.13 to 0.14](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/wiki/Upgrade-from-0.13-to-0.14)
documentation
- Replace `docs/UPGRADE.md` with the [Upgrade Paths](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/wiki#upgrade-paths)
documentation
- Add `MoveToColumn`, `MoveToPreviousLine`, `MoveToNextLine` commands
- Merge `screen` module into `terminal`
- Remove `screen::AlternateScreen`
- Remove `screen::Rawscreen`
* Move and rename `Rawscreen::into_raw_mode` and `Rawscreen::disable_raw_mode` to `terminal::enable_raw_mode` and `terminal::disable_raw_mode`
- Move `screen::EnterAlternateScreen` and `screen::LeaveAlternateScreen` to `terminal::EnterAlternateScreen` and `terminal::LeaveAlternateScreen`
- Replace `utils::Output` command with `style::Print` command
- Fix enable/disable mouse capture commands on Windows
- Allow trailing comma `queue!` & `execute!` macros
# Version 0.13.3
- Remove thread from AsyncReader on Windows.
- Improve HANDLE management windows.
# Version 0.13.2
- New `input::stop_reading_thread()` function
- Temporary workaround for the UNIX platform to stop the background
reading thread and close the file descriptor
- This function will be removed in the next version
# Version 0.13.1
- Async Reader fix, join background thread and avoid looping forever on windows.
# Version 0.13.0
**Major API-change, removed old-api**
- Remove `Crossterm` type
- Remove `TerminalCursor`, `TerminalColor`, `Terminal`
- Remove `cursor()`, `color()` , `terminal()`
- Remove re-exports at root, accessible via `module::types` (`cursor::MoveTo`)
- `input` module
- Derive 'Copy' for 'KeyEvent'
- Add the `EnableMouseCapture` and `EnableMouseCapture` commands
- `cursor` module
- Introduce static function `crossterm::cursor::position` in place of `TerminalCursor::pos`
- Rename `Goto` to `MoveTo`
- Rename `Up` to `MoveLeft`
- Rename `Right` to `MoveRight`
- Rename `Down` to `MoveDown`
- Rename `BlinkOn` to `EnableBlinking`
- Rename `BlinkOff` to `DisableBlinking`
- Rename `ResetPos` to `ResetPosition`
- Rename `SavePos` to `SavePosition`
- `terminal`
- Introduce static function `crossterm::terminal::size` in place of `Terminal::size`
- Introduce static function `crossterm::terminal::exit` in place of `Terminal::exit`
- `style module`
- Rename `ObjectStyle` to `ContentStyle`. Now full names are used for methods
- Rename `StyledObject` to `StyledContent` and made members private
- Rename `PrintStyledFont` to `PrintStyledContent`
- Rename `attr` method to `attribute`.
- Rename `Attribute::NoInverse` to `NoReverse`
- Update documentation
- Made `Colored` private, user should use commands instead
- Rename `SetFg` -> `SetForegroundColor`
- Rename `SetBg` -> `SetBackgroundColor`
- Rename `SetAttr` -> `SetAttribute`
- Rename `ContentStyle::fg_color` -> `ContentStyle::foreground_color`
- Rename `ContentStyle::bg_color` -> `ContentStyle::background_color`
- Rename `ContentStyle::attrs` -> `ContentStyle::attributes`
- Improve documentation
- Unix terminal size calculation with TPUT
# Version 0.12.1
- Move all the `crossterm_` crates code was moved to the `crossterm` crate
- `crossterm_cursor` is in the `cursor` module, etc.
- All these modules are public
- No public API breaking changes
# Version 0.12.0
- Following crates are deprecated and no longer maintained
- `crossterm_cursor`
- `crossterm_input`
- `crossterm_screen`
- `crossterm_style`
- `crossterm_terminal`
- `crossterm_utils`
## `crossterm_cursor` 0.4.0
- Fix examples link ([PR #6](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-cursor/pull/6))
- Sync documentation style ([PR #7](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-cursor/pull/7))
- Remove all references to the crossterm book ([PR #8](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-cursor/pull/8))
- Replace `RAW_MODE_ENABLED` with `is_raw_mode_enabled` ([PR #9](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-cursor/pull/9))
- Use `SyncReader` & `InputEvent::CursorPosition` for `pos_raw()` ([PR #10](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-cursor/pull/10))
## `crossterm_input` 0.5.0
- Sync documentation style ([PR #4](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-input/pull/4))
- Sync `SyncReader::next()` Windows and UNIX behavior ([PR #5](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-input/pull/5))
- Remove all references to the crossterm book ([PR #6](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-input/pull/6))
- Mouse coordinates synchronized with the cursor ([PR #7](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-input/pull/7))
- Upper/left reported as `(0, 0)`
- Fix bug that read sync didn't block (Windows) ([PR #8](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-input/pull/8))
- Refactor UNIX readers ([PR #9](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-input/pull/9))
- AsyncReader produces mouse events
- One reading thread per application, not per `AsyncReader`
- Cursor position no longer consumed by another `AsyncReader`
- Implement sync reader for read_char (requires raw mode)
- Fix `SIGTTIN` when executed under the LLDB
- Add mio for reading from FD and more efficient polling (UNIX only)
- Sync UNIX and Windows vertical mouse position ([PR #11](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-input/pull/11))
- Top is always reported as `0`
## `crossterm_screen` 0.3.2
- `to_alternate` switch back to main screen if it fails to switch into raw mode ([PR #4](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-screen/pull/4))
- Improve the documentation ([PR #5](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-screen/pull/5))
- Public API
- Include the book content in the documentation
- Remove all references to the crossterm book ([PR #6](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-screen/pull/6))
- New commands introduced ([PR #7](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-screen/pull/7))
- `EnterAlternateScreen`
- `LeaveAlternateScreen`
- Sync Windows and UNIX raw mode behavior ([PR #8](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-screen/pull/8))
## `crossterm_style` 0.5.2
- Refactor ([PR #2](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-style/pull/2))
- Added unit tests
- Improved documentation and added book page to `lib.rs`
- Fixed bug with `SetBg` command, WinApi logic
- Fixed bug with `StyledObject`, used stdout for resetting terminal color
- Introduced `ResetColor` command
- Sync documentation style ([PR #3](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-style/pull/3))
- Remove all references to the crossterm book ([PR #4](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-style/pull/4))
- Windows 7 grey/white foreground/intensity swapped ([PR #5](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-style/pull/5))
## `crossterm_terminal` 0.3.2
- Removed `crossterm_cursor::sys` dependency ([PR #2](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-terminal/pull/2))
- Internal refactoring & documentation ([PR #3](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-terminal/pull/3))
- Removed all references to the crossterm book ([PR #4](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-terminal/pull/4))
## `crossterm_utils` 0.4.0
- Add deprecation note ([PR #3](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-utils/pull/3))
- Remove all references to the crossterm book ([PR #4](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-utils/pull/4))
- Remove unsafe static mut ([PR #5](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-utils/pull/5))
- `sys::unix::RAW_MODE_ENABLED` replaced with `sys::unix::is_raw_mode_enabled()` (breaking)
- New `lazy_static` dependency
## `crossterm_winapi` 0.3.0
- Make read sync block for windows systems ([PR #2](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm-winapi/pull/2))
# Version 0.11.1
- Maintenance release
- All sub-crates were moved to their own repositories in the `crossterm-rs` organization
# Version 0.11.0
As a preparation for crossterm 0.1.0 we have moved crossterm to an organisation called 'crossterm-rs'.
### Code Quality
- Code Cleanup: [warning-cleanup], [crossterm_style-cleanup], [crossterm_screen-cleanup], [crossterm_terminal-cleanup], [crossterm_utils-cleanup], [2018-cleanup], [api-cleanup-1], [api-cleanup-2], [api-cleanup-3]
- Examples: [example-cleanup_1], [example-cleanup_2], [example-fix], [commandbar-fix], [snake-game-improved]
- Fixed all broken tests and added tests
### Important Changes
- Return written bytes: [return-written-bytes]
- Added derives: `Debug` for `ObjectStyle` [debug-derive], Serialize/Deserialize for key events [serde]
- Improved error handling:
- Return `crossterm::Result` from all api's: [return_crossterm_result]
* `TerminalCursor::pos()` returns `Result<(u16, u16)>`
* `Terminal::size()` returns `Result<(u16, u16)>`
* `TerminalCursor::move_*` returns `crossterm::Result`
* `ExecutableCommand::queue` returns `crossterm::Result`
* `QueueableCommand::queue` returns `crossterm::Result`
* `get_available_color_count` returns no result
* `RawScreen::into_raw_mode` returns `crossterm::Result` instead of `io::Result`
* `RawScreen::disable_raw_mode` returns `crossterm::Result` instead of `io::Result`
* `AlternateScreen::to_alternate` returns `crossterm::Result` instead of `io::Result`
* `TerminalInput::read_line` returns `crossterm::Result` instead of `io::Result`
* `TerminalInput::read_char` returns `crossterm::Result` instead of `io::Result`
* Maybe I forgot something, a lot of functions have changed
- Removed all unwraps/expects from library
- Add KeyEvent::Enter and KeyEvent::Tab: [added-key-event-enter], [added-key-event-tab]
- Sync set/get terminal size behaviour: [fixed-get-set-terminal-size]
- Method renames:
* `AsyncReader::stop_reading()` to `stop()`
* `RawScreen::disable_raw_mode_on_drop` to `keep_raw_mode_on_drop`
* `TerminalCursor::reset_position()` to `restore_position()`
* `Command::get_anis_code()` to `ansi_code()`
* `available_color_count` to `available_color_count()`
* `Terminal::terminal_size` to `Terminal::size`
* `Console::get_handle` to `Console::handle`
- All `i16` values for indexing: set size, set cursor pos, scrolling synced to `u16` values
- Command API takes mutable self instead of self
[serde]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/190
[debug-derive]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/192
[example-fix]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/193
[commandbar-fix]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/204
[warning-cleanup]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/198
[example-cleanup_1]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/196
[example-cleanup_2]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/225
[snake-game-improved]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/231
[crossterm_style-cleanup]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/208
[crossterm_screen-cleanup]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/209
[crossterm_terminal-cleanup]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/210
[crossterm_utils-cleanup]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/211
[2018-cleanup]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/222
[wild-card-cleanup]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/224
[api-cleanup-1]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/235
[api-cleanup-2]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/238
[api-cleanup-3]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/240
[return-written-bytes]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/212
[return_crossterm_result]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/232
[added-key-event-tab]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/239
[added-key-event-enter]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/236
[fixed-get-set-terminal-size]: https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/242
# Version 0.10.1
# Version 0.10.0 ~ yanked
- Implement command API, to have better performance and more control over how and when commands are executed. [PR](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/commit/1a60924abd462ab169b6706aab68f4cca31d7bc2), [issue](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/171)
- Fix showing, hiding cursor windows implementation
- Remove some of the parsing logic from windows keys to ansi codes to key events [PR](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/commit/762c3a9b8e3d1fba87acde237f8ed09e74cd9ecd)
- Made terminal size 1-based [PR](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/commit/d689d7e8ed46a335474b8262bd76f21feaaf0c50)
- Add some derives
# Version 0.9.6
- Copy for KeyEvent
- CTRL + Left, Down, Up, Right key support
- SHIFT + Left, Down, Up, Right key support
- Fixed UNIX cursor position bug [issue](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/140), [PR](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/152)
# Version 0.9.5
- Prefetch buffer size for more efficient windows input reads. [PR](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/144)
# Version 0.9.4
- Reset foreground and background color individually. [PR](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/138)
- Backtap input support. [PR](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/129)
- Corrected white/grey and added dark grey.
- Fixed getting cursor position with raw screen enabled. [PR](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/134)
- Removed one redundant stdout lock
# Version 0.9.3
- Removed println from `SyncReader`
## Version 0.9.2
- Terminal size linux was not 0-based
- Windows mouse input event position was 0-based and should be 1-based
- Result, ErrorKind are made re-exported
- Fixed some special key combination detections for UNIX systems
- Made FreeBSD compile
## Version 0.9.1
- Fixed libc compile error
## Version 0.9.0 (yanked)
This release is all about moving to a stabilized API for 1.0.
- Major refactor and cleanup.
- Improved performance;
- No locking when writing to stdout.
- UNIX doesn't have any dynamic dispatch anymore.
- Windows has improved the way to check if ANSI modes are enabled.
- Removed lot's of complex API calls: `from_screen`, `from_output`
- Removed `Arc<TerminalOutput>` from all internal Api's.
- Removed termios dependency for UNIX systems.
- Upgraded deps.
- Removed about 1000 lines of code
- `TerminalOutput`
- `Screen`
- unsafe code
- Some duplicated code introduced by a previous refactor.
- Raw modes UNIX systems improved
- Added `NoItalic` attribute
## Version 0.8.2
- Bug fix for sync reader UNIX.
## Version 0.8.1
- Added public re-exports for input.
# Version 0.8.0
- Introduced KeyEvents
- Introduced MouseEvents
- Upgraded crossterm_winapi 0.2
# Version 0.7.0
- Introduced more `Attributes`
- Introduced easier ways to style text [issue 87](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/87).
- Removed `ColorType` since it was unnecessary.
# Version 0.6.0
- Introduced feature flags; input, cursor, style, terminal, screen.
- All modules are moved to their own crate.
- Introduced crossterm workspace
- Less dependencies.
- Improved namespaces.
[PR 84](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/84)
# Version 0.5.5
- Error module is made public [PR 78](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/78).
# Version 0.5.4
- WinApi rewrite and correctly error handled [PR 67](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/67)
- Windows attribute support [PR 62](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/62)
- Readline bug fix windows systems [PR 62](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/62)
- Error handling improvement.
- General refactoring, all warnings removed.
- Documentation improvement.
# Version 0.5.1
- Documentation refactor.
- Fixed broken API documentation [PR 53](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/53).
# Version 0.5.0
- Added ability to pause the terminal [issue](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/39)
- RGB support for Windows 10 systems
- ANSI color value (255) color support
- More convenient API, no need to care about `Screen` unless working with when working with alternate or raw screen [PR](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/44)
- Implemented Display for styled object
# Version 0.4.3
- Fixed bug [issue 41](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/41)
# Version 0.4.2
- Added functionality to make a styled object writable to screen [issue 33](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/33)
- Added unit tests.
- Bugfix with getting terminal size unix.
- Bugfix with returning written bytes [pull request 31](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull/31)
- removed methods calls: `as_any()` and `as_any_mut()` from `TerminalOutput`
# Version 0.4.1
- Fixed resizing of ansi terminal with and height where in the wrong order.
# Version 0.4.0
- Input support (read_line, read_char, read_async, read_until_async)
- Styling module improved
- Everything is multithreaded (`Send`, `Sync`)
- Performance enhancements: removed mutexes, removed state manager, removed context type removed unnecessarily RC types.
- Bug fix resetting console color.
- Bug fix whit undoing raw modes.
- More correct error handling.
- Overall command improvement.
- Overall refactor of code.
# Version 0.3.0
This version has some braking changes check [upgrade manual](UPGRADE%20Manual.md) for more information about what is changed.
I think you should not switch to version `0.3.0` if you aren't going to use the AlternateScreen feature.
Because you will have some work to get to the new version of crossterm depending on your situation.
Some Features crossterm 0.3.0
- Alternate Screen for windows and unix systems.
- Raw screen for unix and windows systems [Issue 5](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/5)..
- Hiding an showing the cursor.
- Control over blinking of the terminal cursor (only some terminals are supporting this).
- The terminal state will be set to its original state when process ends [issue7](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/7).
- exit the current process.
## Alternate screen
This create supports alternate screen for both windows and unix systems. You can use
*Nix style applications often utilize an alternate screen buffer, so that they can modify the entire contents of the buffer, without affecting the application that started them.
The alternate buffer is exactly the dimensions of the window, without any scrollback region.
For an example of this behavior, consider when vim is launched from bash.
Vim uses the entirety of the screen to edit the file, then returning to bash leaves the original buffer unchanged.
I Highly recommend you to check the `examples/program_examples/first_depth_search` for seeing this in action.
## Raw screen
This crate now supports raw screen for both windows and unix systems.
What exactly is raw state:
- No line buffering.
Normally the terminals uses line buffering. This means that the input will be send to the terminal line by line.
With raw mode the input will be send one byte at a time.
- Input
All input has to be written manually by the programmer.
- Characters
The characters are not processed by the terminal driver, but are sent straight through.
Special character have no meaning, like backspace will not be interpret as backspace but instead will be directly send to the terminal.
With these modes you can easier design the terminal screen.
## Some functionalities added
- Hiding and showing terminal cursor
- Enable or disabling blinking of the cursor for unix systems (this is not widely supported)
- Restoring the terminal to original modes.
- Added a [wrapper](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/blob/master/src/shared/crossterm.rs) for managing all the functionalities of crossterm `Crossterm`.
- Exit the current running process
## Examples
Added [examples](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/tree/master/examples) for each version of the crossterm version.
Also added a folder with some [real life examples](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/tree/master/examples/program_examples).
## Context
What is the `Context` all about? This `Context` has several reasons why it is introduced into `crossterm version 0.3.0`.
These points are related to the features like `Alternatescreen` and managing the terminal state.
- At first `Terminal state`:
Because this is a terminal manipulating library there will be made changes to terminal when running an process.
If you stop the process you want the terminal back in its original state.
Therefore, I need to track the changes made to the terminal.
- At second `Handle to the console`
In Rust we can use `stdout()` to get an handle to the current default console handle.
For example when in unix systems you want to print something to the main screen you can use the following code:
write!(std::io::stdout(), "{}", "some text").
But things change when we are in alternate screen modes.
We can not simply use `stdout()` to get a handle to the alternate screen, since this call returns the current default console handle (handle to mainscreen).
Because of that we need to store an handle to the current screen.
This handle could be used to put into alternate screen modes and back into main screen modes.
Through this stored handle Crossterm can execute its command and write on and to the current screen whether it be alternate screen or main screen.
For unix systems we store the handle gotten from `stdout()` for windows systems that are not supporting ANSI escape codes we store WinApi `HANDLE` struct witch will provide access to the current screen.
So to recap this `Context` struct is a wrapper for a type that manges terminal state changes.
When this `Context` goes out of scope all changes made will be undone.
Also is this `Context` is a wrapper for access to the current console screen.
Because Crossterm needs access to the above to types quite often I have chosen to add those two in one struct called `Context` so that this type could be shared throughout library.
Check this link for more info: [cleanup of rust code](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48732387/how-can-i-run-clean-up-code-in-a-rust-library).
More info over writing to alternate screen buffer on windows and unix see this [link](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/17)
__Now the user has to pass an context type to the modules of Crossterm like this:__
let context = Context::new();
let cursor = cursor(&context);
let terminal = terminal(&context);
let color = color(&context);
Because this looks a little odd I will provide a type widths will manage the `Context` for you. You can call the different modules like the following:
let crossterm = Crossterm::new();
let color = crossterm.color();
let cursor = crossterm.cursor();
let terminal = crossterm.terminal();
### Alternate screen
When you want to switch to alternate screen there are a couple of things to keep in mind for it to work correctly.
First off some code of how to switch to Alternate screen, for more info check the [alternate screen example](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/blob/master/examples/alternate_screen.rs).
_Create alternate screen from `Context`_
// create context.
let context = crossterm::Context::new();
// create instance of Alternatescreen by the given context, this will also switch to it.
let mut screen = crossterm::AlternateScreen::from(context.clone());
// write to the alternate screen.
write!(screen, "test");
_Create alternate screen from `Crossterm`:_
// create context.
let crossterm = ::crossterm::Crossterm::new();
// create instance of Alternatescreen by the given reference to crossterm, this will also switch to it.
let mut screen = crossterm::AlternateScreen::from(&crossterm);
// write to the alternate screen.
write!(screen, "test");
like demonstrated above, to get the functionalities of `cursor(), color(), terminal()` also working on alternate screen.
You need to pass it the same `Context` as you have passed to the previous three called functions,
If you don't use the same `Context` in `cursor(), color(), terminal()` than these modules will be using the main screen and you will not see anything at the alternate screen. If you use the [Crossterm](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/blob/master/src/shared/crossterm.rs) type you can get the `Context` from it by calling the crossterm.get_context() whereafter you can create the AlternateScreen from it.
# Version 0.2.2
- Bug see [issue 15](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/15)
# Version 0.2.1
- Default ANSI escape codes for windows machines, if windows does not support ANSI switch back to WinApi.
- method grammar mistake fixed [Issue 3](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/3)
- Some Refactorings in method names see [issue 4](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/4)
- Removed bin reference from crate [Issue 6](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/6)
- Get position unix fixed [issue 8](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/issues/8)
# Version 0.2
- 256 color support.
- Text Attributes like: bold, italic, underscore and crossed word etc.
- Custom ANSI color code input to set fore- and background color for unix.
- Storing the current cursor position and resetting to that stored cursor position later.
- Resizing the terminal.

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[package]
name = "crossterm"
version = "0.27.0"
authors = ["T. Post"]
description = "A crossplatform terminal library for manipulating terminals."
repository = "https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm"
documentation = "https://docs.rs/crossterm/"
license = "MIT"
keywords = ["event", "color", "cli", "input", "terminal"]
exclude = ["target", "Cargo.lock"]
readme = "README.md"
edition = "2021"
rust-version = "1.58.0"
categories = ["command-line-interface", "command-line-utilities"]
[lib]
name = "crossterm"
path = "src/lib.rs"
#
# Build documentation with all features -> EventStream is available
#
[package.metadata.docs.rs]
all-features = true
#
# Features
#
[features]
default = ["bracketed-paste", "windows", "events"]
windows = ["dep:winapi", "dep:crossterm_winapi"] # Disables winapi dependencies from being included into the binary (SHOULD NOT be disabled on windows).
bracketed-paste = [] # Enables triggering a `Event::Paste` when pasting text into the terminal.
event-stream = ["dep:futures-core", "events"] # Enables async events
use-dev-tty = ["filedescriptor"] # Enables raw file descriptor polling / selecting instead of mio.
events = ["dep:mio", "dep:signal-hook", "dep:signal-hook-mio"] # Enables reading input/events from the system.
serde = ["dep:serde", "bitflags/serde"] # Enables 'serde' for various types.
#
# Shared dependencies
#
[dependencies]
bitflags = {version = "2.3" }
parking_lot = "0.12"
# optional deps only added when requested
futures-core = { version = "0.3", optional = true, default-features = false }
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
#
# Windows dependencies
#
[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.winapi]
version = "0.3.9"
features = ["winuser", "winerror"]
optional = true
[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
crossterm_winapi = { version = "0.9.1", optional = true }
#
# UNIX dependencies
#
[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
libc = "0.2"
signal-hook = { version = "0.3.17", optional = true }
filedescriptor = { version = "0.8", optional = true }
mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["os-poll"], optional = true }
signal-hook-mio = { version = "0.2.3", features = ["support-v0_8"], optional = true }
#
# Dev dependencies (examples, ...)
#
[dev-dependencies]
tokio = { version = "1.25", features = ["full"] }
futures = "0.3"
futures-timer = "3.0"
async-std = "1.12"
serde_json = "1.0"
serial_test = "2.0.0"
#
# Examples
#
[[example]]
name = "event-read"
required-features = ["bracketed-paste", "events"]
[[example]]
name = "event-match-modifiers"
required-features = ["bracketed-paste", "events"]
[[example]]
name = "event-poll-read"
required-features = ["bracketed-paste", "events"]
[[example]]
name = "event-stream-async-std"
required-features = ["event-stream", "events"]
[[example]]
name = "event-stream-tokio"
required-features = ["event-stream", "events"]
[[example]]
name = "event-read-char-line"
required-features = ["events"]
[[example]]
name = "stderr"
required-features = ["events"]

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MIT License
Copyright (c) 2019 Timon
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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<h1 align="center"><img width="440" src="docs/crossterm_full.png" /></h1>
[![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/Donate-PayPal-green.svg)](https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=Z8QK6XU749JB2) ![Travis][s7] [![Latest Version][s1]][l1] [![MIT][s2]][l2] [![docs][s3]][l3] ![Lines of Code][s6] [![Join us on Discord][s5]][l5]
# Cross-platform Terminal Manipulation Library
Crossterm is a pure-rust, terminal manipulation library that makes it possible to write cross-platform text-based interfaces (see [features](#features)). It supports all UNIX and Windows terminals down to Windows 7 (not all terminals are tested,
see [Tested Terminals](#tested-terminals) for more info).
## Table of Contents
- [Cross-platform Terminal Manipulation Library](#cross-platform-terminal-manipulation-library)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Features](#features)
- [Tested Terminals](#tested-terminals)
- [Getting Started](#getting-started)
- [Feature Flags](#feature-flags)
- [Dependency Justification](#dependency-justification)
- [Other Resources](#other-resources)
- [Used By](#used-by)
- [Contributing](#contributing)
- [Authors](#authors)
- [License](#license)
## Features
- Cross-platform
- Multi-threaded (send, sync)
- Detailed documentation
- Few dependencies
- Full control over writing and flushing output buffer
- Is tty
- Cursor
- Move the cursor N times (up, down, left, right)
- Move to previous / next line
- Move to column
- Set/get the cursor position
- Store the cursor position and restore to it later
- Hide/show the cursor
- Enable/disable cursor blinking (not all terminals do support this feature)
- Styled output
- Foreground color (16 base colors)
- Background color (16 base colors)
- 256 (ANSI) color support (Windows 10 and UNIX only)
- RGB color support (Windows 10 and UNIX only)
- Text attributes like bold, italic, underscore, crossed, etc
- Terminal
- Clear (all lines, current line, from cursor down and up, until new line)
- Scroll up, down
- Set/get the terminal size
- Exit current process
- Alternate screen
- Raw screen
- Set terminal title
- Enable/disable line wrapping
- Event
- Input Events
- Mouse Events (press, release, position, button, drag)
- Terminal Resize Events
- Advanced modifier (SHIFT | ALT | CTRL) support for both mouse and key events and
- futures Stream (feature 'event-stream')
- Poll/read API
<!--
WARNING: Do not change following heading title as it's used in the URL by other crates!
-->
### Tested Terminals
- Console Host
- Windows 10 (Pro)
- Windows 8.1 (N)
- Ubuntu Desktop Terminal
- Ubuntu 17.10
- Pop!_OS ( Ubuntu ) 20.04
- (Arch, Manjaro) KDE Konsole
- (Arch, NixOS) Kitty
- Linux Mint
- (OpenSuse) Alacritty
- (Chrome OS) Crostini
- Apple
- macOS Monterey 12.7.1 (Intel-Chip)
This crate supports all UNIX terminals and Windows terminals down to Windows 7; however, not all of the
terminals have been tested. If you have used this library for a terminal other than the above list without
issues, then feel free to add it to the above list - I really would appreciate it!
## Getting Started
_see the [examples directory](examples/) and [documentation](https://docs.rs/crossterm/) for more advanced examples._
<details>
<summary>
Click to show Cargo.toml.
</summary>
```toml
[dependencies]
crossterm = "0.27"
```
</details>
<p></p>
```rust
use std::io::{stdout, Write};
use crossterm::{
execute,
style::{Color, Print, ResetColor, SetBackgroundColor, SetForegroundColor},
ExecutableCommand, Result,
event,
};
fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
// using the macro
execute!(
stdout(),
SetForegroundColor(Color::Blue),
SetBackgroundColor(Color::Red),
Print("Styled text here."),
ResetColor
)?;
// or using functions
stdout()
.execute(SetForegroundColor(Color::Blue))?
.execute(SetBackgroundColor(Color::Red))?
.execute(Print("Styled text here."))?
.execute(ResetColor)?;
Ok(())
}
```
Checkout this [list](https://docs.rs/crossterm/latest/crossterm/index.html#supported-commands) with all possible commands.
### Feature Flags
```toml
[dependencies.crossterm]
version = "0.27"
features = ["event-stream"]
```
| Feature | Description |
|:---------------|:---------------------------------------------|
| `event-stream` | `futures::Stream` producing `Result<Event>`. |
| `serde` | (De)serializing of events. |
| `events` | Reading input/system events (enabled by default) |
| `filedescriptor` | Use raw filedescriptor for all events rather then mio dependency |
To use crossterm as a very thin layer you can disable the `events` feature or use `filedescriptor` feature.
This can disable `mio` / `signal-hook` / `signal-hook-mio` dependencies.
### Dependency Justification
| Dependency | Used for | Included |
|:---------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------|
| `bitflags` | `KeyModifiers`, those are differ based on input. | always |
| `parking_lot` | locking `RwLock`s with a timeout, const mutexes. | always |
| `libc` | UNIX terminal_size/raw modes/set_title and several other low level functionality. | optional (`events` feature), UNIX only |
| `Mio` | event readiness polling, waking up poller | optional (`events` feature), UNIX only |
| `signal-hook` | signal-hook is used to handle terminal resize SIGNAL with Mio. | optional (`events` feature),UNIX only |
| `winapi` | Used for low-level windows system calls which ANSI codes can't replace | windows only |
| `futures-core` | For async stream of events | only with `event-stream` feature flag |
| `serde` | ***ser***ializing and ***de***serializing of events | only with `serde` feature flag |
### Other Resources
- [API documentation](https://docs.rs/crossterm/)
- [Deprecated examples repository](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/examples)
## Used By
- [Broot](https://dystroy.org/broot/)
- [Cursive](https://github.com/gyscos/Cursive)
- [TUI](https://github.com/fdehau/tui-rs)
- [Rust-sloth](https://github.com/ecumene/rust-sloth)
- [Rusty-rain](https://github.com/cowboy8625/rusty-rain)
## Contributing
We highly appreciate when anyone contributes to this crate. Before you do, please,
read the [Contributing](docs/CONTRIBUTING.md) guidelines.
## Authors
* **Timon Post** - *Project Owner & creator*
## License
This project, `crossterm` and all its sub-crates: `crossterm_screen`, `crossterm_cursor`, `crossterm_style`,
`crossterm_input`, `crossterm_terminal`, `crossterm_winapi`, `crossterm_utils` are licensed under the MIT
License - see the [LICENSE](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/blob/master/LICENSE) file for details.
[s1]: https://img.shields.io/crates/v/crossterm.svg
[l1]: https://crates.io/crates/crossterm
[s2]: https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg
[l2]: ./LICENSE
[s3]: https://docs.rs/crossterm/badge.svg
[l3]: https://docs.rs/crossterm/
[s3]: https://docs.rs/crossterm/badge.svg
[l3]: https://docs.rs/crossterm/
[s5]: https://img.shields.io/discord/560857607196377088.svg?logo=discord
[l5]: https://discord.gg/K4nyTDB
[s6]: https://tokei.rs/b1/github/crossterm-rs/crossterm?category=code
[s7]: https://travis-ci.org/crossterm-rs/crossterm.svg?branch=master

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# Contributing
I would appreciate any contributions to this crate. However, some things are handy to know.
## Code Style
### Import Order
All imports are semantically grouped and ordered. The order is:
- standard library (`use std::...`)
- external crates (`use rand::...`)
- current crate (`use crate::...`)
- parent module (`use super::..`)
- current module (`use self::...`)
- module declaration (`mod ...`)
There must be an empty line between groups. An example:
```rust
use crossterm_utils::{csi, write_cout, Result};
use crate::sys::{get_cursor_position, show_cursor};
use super::Cursor;
```
#### CLion Tips
The CLion IDE does this for you (_Menu_ -> _Code_ -> _Optimize Imports_). Be aware that the CLion sorts
imports in a group in a different way when compared to the `rustfmt`. It's effectively two steps operation
to get proper grouping & sorting:
* _Menu_ -> _Code_ -> _Optimize Imports_ - group & semantically order imports
* `cargo fmt` - fix ordering within the group
Second step can be automated via _CLion_ -> _Preferences_ ->
_Languages & Frameworks_ -> _Rust_ -> _Rustfmt_ -> _Run rustfmt on save_.
### Max Line Length
| Type | Max line length |
|:---------------------|----------------:|
| Code | 100 |
| Comments in the code | 120 |
| Documentation | 120 |
100 is the [`max_width`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt/blob/master/Configurations.md#max_width)
default value.
120 is because of the GitHub. The editor & viewer width there is +- 123 characters.
### Warnings
The code must be warning free. It's quite hard to find an error if the build logs are polluted with warnings.
If you decide to silent a warning with (`#[allow(...)]`), please add a comment why it's required.
Always consult the [Travis CI](https://travis-ci.org/crossterm-rs/crossterm/pull_requests) build logs.
### Forbidden Warnings
Search for `#![deny(...)]` in the code:
* `unused_must_use`
* `unused_imports`

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After

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# Known Problems
There are some problems I discovered during development.
And I don't think it has to do anything with crossterm but it has to do whit how terminals handle ANSI or WinApi.
## WinAPI
- Power shell does not interpreter 'DarkYellow' and is instead using gray instead, cmd is working perfectly fine.
- Power shell inserts an '\n' (enter) when the program starts, this enter is the one you pressed when running the command.
- After the program ran, power shell will reset the background and foreground colors.
## UNIX-terminals
The Arc and Manjaro KDE Konsole's are not seeming to resize the terminal instead they are resizing the buffer.

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![Lines of Code][s7] [![MIT][s2]][l2] [![Join us on Discord][s5]][l5]
# Crossterm Examples
The examples are compatible with the latest release.
## Structure
```
├── examples
│   └── interactive-test
│   └── event-*
│   └── stderr
```
| File Name | Description | Topics |
|:----------------------------|:-------------------------------|:------------------------------------------|
| `examples/interactive-test` | interactive, walk through, demo | cursor, style, event |
| `event-*` | event reading demos | (async) event reading |
| `stderr` | crossterm over stderr demo | raw mode, alternate screen, custom output |
| `is_tty` | Is this instance a tty ? | tty |
## Run examples
```bash
$ cargo run --example [file name]
```
To run the interactive-demo go into the folder `examples/interactive-demo` and run `cargo run`.
## License
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE.md](LICENSE) file for details.
[s2]: https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg
[l2]: LICENSE
[s5]: https://img.shields.io/discord/560857607196377088.svg?logo=discord
[l5]: https://discord.gg/K4nyTDB
[s7]: https://travis-ci.org/crossterm-rs/examples.svg?branch=master

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//! Demonstrates how to match on modifiers like: Control, alt, shift.
//!
//! cargo run --example event-match-modifiers
use crossterm::event::{Event, KeyCode, KeyEvent, KeyModifiers};
fn match_event(read_event: Event) {
match read_event {
// Match one one modifier:
Event::Key(KeyEvent {
modifiers: KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
code,
..
}) => {
println!("Control + {:?}", code);
}
Event::Key(KeyEvent {
modifiers: KeyModifiers::SHIFT,
code,
..
}) => {
println!("Shift + {:?}", code);
}
Event::Key(KeyEvent {
modifiers: KeyModifiers::ALT,
code,
..
}) => {
println!("Alt + {:?}", code);
}
// Match on multiple modifiers:
Event::Key(KeyEvent {
code, modifiers, ..
}) => {
if modifiers == (KeyModifiers::ALT | KeyModifiers::SHIFT) {
println!("Alt + Shift {:?}", code);
} else {
println!("({:?}) with key: {:?}", modifiers, code)
}
}
_ => {}
}
}
fn main() {
match_event(Event::Key(KeyEvent::new(
KeyCode::Char('z'),
KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
)));
match_event(Event::Key(KeyEvent::new(
KeyCode::Left,
KeyModifiers::SHIFT,
)));
match_event(Event::Key(KeyEvent::new(
KeyCode::Delete,
KeyModifiers::ALT,
)));
match_event(Event::Key(KeyEvent::new(
KeyCode::Right,
KeyModifiers::ALT | KeyModifiers::SHIFT,
)));
match_event(Event::Key(KeyEvent::new(
KeyCode::Home,
KeyModifiers::ALT | KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
)));
}

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//! Demonstrates how to match on modifiers like: Control, alt, shift.
//!
//! cargo run --example event-poll-read
use std::{io, time::Duration};
use crossterm::{
cursor::position,
event::{poll, read, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode},
};
const HELP: &str = r#"Blocking poll() & non-blocking read()
- Keyboard, mouse and terminal resize events enabled
- Prints "." every second if there's no event
- Hit "c" to print current cursor position
- Use Esc to quit
"#;
fn print_events() -> io::Result<()> {
loop {
// Wait up to 1s for another event
if poll(Duration::from_millis(1_000))? {
// It's guaranteed that read() won't block if `poll` returns `Ok(true)`
let event = read()?;
println!("Event::{:?}\r", event);
if event == Event::Key(KeyCode::Char('c').into()) {
println!("Cursor position: {:?}\r", position());
}
if event == Event::Key(KeyCode::Esc.into()) {
break;
}
} else {
// Timeout expired, no event for 1s
println!(".\r");
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
println!("{}", HELP);
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnableMouseCapture)?;
if let Err(e) = print_events() {
println!("Error: {:?}\r", e);
}
execute!(stdout, DisableMouseCapture)?;
disable_raw_mode()
}

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//! Demonstrates how to block read characters or a full line.
//! Just note that crossterm is not required to do this and can be done with `io::stdin()`.
//!
//! cargo run --example event-read-char-line
use std::io;
use crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEvent};
pub fn read_char() -> io::Result<char> {
loop {
if let Event::Key(KeyEvent {
code: KeyCode::Char(c),
..
}) = event::read()?
{
return Ok(c);
}
}
}
pub fn read_line() -> io::Result<String> {
let mut line = String::new();
while let Event::Key(KeyEvent { code, .. }) = event::read()? {
match code {
KeyCode::Enter => {
break;
}
KeyCode::Char(c) => {
line.push(c);
}
_ => {}
}
}
Ok(line)
}
fn main() {
println!("read line:");
println!("{:?}", read_line());
println!("read char:");
println!("{:?}", read_char());
}

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//! Demonstrates how to block read events.
//!
//! cargo run --example event-read
use std::io;
use crossterm::event::{
poll, KeyboardEnhancementFlags, PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags, PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags,
};
use crossterm::{
cursor::position,
event::{
read, DisableBracketedPaste, DisableFocusChange, DisableMouseCapture, EnableBracketedPaste,
EnableFocusChange, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode,
},
execute, queue,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode},
};
use std::time::Duration;
const HELP: &str = r#"Blocking read()
- Keyboard, mouse, focus and terminal resize events enabled
- Hit "c" to print current cursor position
- Use Esc to quit
"#;
fn print_events() -> io::Result<()> {
loop {
// Blocking read
let event = read()?;
println!("Event: {:?}\r", event);
if event == Event::Key(KeyCode::Char('c').into()) {
println!("Cursor position: {:?}\r", position());
}
if let Event::Resize(x, y) = event {
let (original_size, new_size) = flush_resize_events((x, y));
println!("Resize from: {:?}, to: {:?}\r", original_size, new_size);
}
if event == Event::Key(KeyCode::Esc.into()) {
break;
}
}
Ok(())
}
// Resize events can occur in batches.
// With a simple loop they can be flushed.
// This function will keep the first and last resize event.
fn flush_resize_events(first_resize: (u16, u16)) -> ((u16, u16), (u16, u16)) {
let mut last_resize = first_resize;
while let Ok(true) = poll(Duration::from_millis(50)) {
if let Ok(Event::Resize(x, y)) = read() {
last_resize = (x, y);
}
}
(first_resize, last_resize)
}
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
println!("{}", HELP);
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
let supports_keyboard_enhancement = matches!(
crossterm::terminal::supports_keyboard_enhancement(),
Ok(true)
);
if supports_keyboard_enhancement {
queue!(
stdout,
PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags(
KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES
| KeyboardEnhancementFlags::REPORT_ALL_KEYS_AS_ESCAPE_CODES
| KeyboardEnhancementFlags::REPORT_ALTERNATE_KEYS
| KeyboardEnhancementFlags::REPORT_EVENT_TYPES
)
)?;
}
execute!(
stdout,
EnableBracketedPaste,
EnableFocusChange,
EnableMouseCapture,
)?;
if let Err(e) = print_events() {
println!("Error: {:?}\r", e);
}
if supports_keyboard_enhancement {
queue!(stdout, PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags)?;
}
execute!(
stdout,
DisableBracketedPaste,
PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags,
DisableFocusChange,
DisableMouseCapture
)?;
disable_raw_mode()
}

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//! Demonstrates how to read events asynchronously with async-std.
//!
//! cargo run --features="event-stream" --example event-stream-async-std
use std::{io::stdout, time::Duration};
use futures::{future::FutureExt, select, StreamExt};
use futures_timer::Delay;
use crossterm::{
cursor::position,
event::{DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, EventStream, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode},
};
const HELP: &str = r#"EventStream based on futures_util::stream::Stream with async-std
- Keyboard, mouse and terminal resize events enabled
- Prints "." every second if there's no event
- Hit "c" to print current cursor position
- Use Esc to quit
"#;
async fn print_events() {
let mut reader = EventStream::new();
loop {
let mut delay = Delay::new(Duration::from_millis(1_000)).fuse();
let mut event = reader.next().fuse();
select! {
_ = delay => { println!(".\r"); },
maybe_event = event => {
match maybe_event {
Some(Ok(event)) => {
println!("Event::{:?}\r", event);
if event == Event::Key(KeyCode::Char('c').into()) {
println!("Cursor position: {:?}\r", position());
}
if event == Event::Key(KeyCode::Esc.into()) {
break;
}
}
Some(Err(e)) => println!("Error: {:?}\r", e),
None => break,
}
}
};
}
}
fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
println!("{}", HELP);
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnableMouseCapture)?;
async_std::task::block_on(print_events());
execute!(stdout, DisableMouseCapture)?;
disable_raw_mode()
}

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//! Demonstrates how to read events asynchronously with tokio.
//!
//! cargo run --features="event-stream" --example event-stream-tokio
use std::{io::stdout, time::Duration};
use futures::{future::FutureExt, select, StreamExt};
use futures_timer::Delay;
use crossterm::{
cursor::position,
event::{DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, EventStream, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode},
};
const HELP: &str = r#"EventStream based on futures_util::Stream with tokio
- Keyboard, mouse and terminal resize events enabled
- Prints "." every second if there's no event
- Hit "c" to print current cursor position
- Use Esc to quit
"#;
async fn print_events() {
let mut reader = EventStream::new();
loop {
let mut delay = Delay::new(Duration::from_millis(1_000)).fuse();
let mut event = reader.next().fuse();
select! {
_ = delay => { println!(".\r"); },
maybe_event = event => {
match maybe_event {
Some(Ok(event)) => {
println!("Event::{:?}\r", event);
if event == Event::Key(KeyCode::Char('c').into()) {
println!("Cursor position: {:?}\r", position());
}
if event == Event::Key(KeyCode::Esc.into()) {
break;
}
}
Some(Err(e)) => println!("Error: {:?}\r", e),
None => break,
}
}
};
}
}
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
println!("{}", HELP);
enable_raw_mode()?;
let mut stdout = stdout();
execute!(stdout, EnableMouseCapture)?;
print_events().await;
execute!(stdout, DisableMouseCapture)?;
disable_raw_mode()
}

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[package]
name = "interactive-demo"
version = "0.0.1"
authors = ["T. Post", "Robert Vojta <rvojta@me.com>"]
edition = "2018"
description = "Interactive demo for crossterm."
license = "MIT"
exclude = ["target", "Cargo.lock"]
readme = "README.md"
publish = false
[dependencies]
crossterm = { path = "../../" }

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macro_rules! run_tests {
(
$dst:expr,
$(
$testfn:ident
),*
$(,)?
) => {
use crossterm::{queue, style, terminal, cursor};
$(
queue!(
$dst,
style::ResetColor,
terminal::Clear(terminal::ClearType::All),
cursor::MoveTo(1, 1),
cursor::Show,
cursor::EnableBlinking
)?;
$testfn($dst)?;
match $crate::read_char() {
Ok('q') => return Ok(()),
Err(e) => return Err(e),
_ => { },
};
)*
}
}

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#![allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
use std::io;
use crossterm::event::KeyEventKind;
pub use crossterm::{
cursor,
event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEvent},
execute, queue, style,
terminal::{self, ClearType},
Command,
};
#[macro_use]
mod macros;
mod test;
const MENU: &str = r#"Crossterm interactive test
Controls:
- 'q' - quit interactive test (or return to this menu)
- any other key - continue with next step
Available tests:
1. cursor
2. color (foreground, background)
3. attributes (bold, italic, ...)
4. input
5. synchronized output
Select test to run ('1', '2', ...) or hit 'q' to quit.
"#;
fn run<W>(w: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
where
W: io::Write,
{
execute!(w, terminal::EnterAlternateScreen)?;
terminal::enable_raw_mode()?;
loop {
queue!(
w,
style::ResetColor,
terminal::Clear(ClearType::All),
cursor::Hide,
cursor::MoveTo(1, 1)
)?;
for line in MENU.split('\n') {
queue!(w, style::Print(line), cursor::MoveToNextLine(1))?;
}
w.flush()?;
match read_char()? {
'1' => test::cursor::run(w)?,
'2' => test::color::run(w)?,
'3' => test::attribute::run(w)?,
'4' => test::event::run(w)?,
'5' => test::synchronized_output::run(w)?,
'q' => {
execute!(w, cursor::SetCursorStyle::DefaultUserShape).unwrap();
break;
}
_ => {}
};
}
execute!(
w,
style::ResetColor,
cursor::Show,
terminal::LeaveAlternateScreen
)?;
terminal::disable_raw_mode()
}
pub fn read_char() -> std::io::Result<char> {
loop {
if let Ok(Event::Key(KeyEvent {
code: KeyCode::Char(c),
kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
modifiers: _,
state: _,
})) = event::read()
{
return Ok(c);
}
}
}
pub fn buffer_size() -> io::Result<(u16, u16)> {
terminal::size()
}
fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
run(&mut stdout)
}

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pub mod attribute;
pub mod color;
pub mod cursor;
pub mod event;
pub mod synchronized_output;

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#![allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
use crossterm::{cursor, queue, style};
use std::io::Write;
const ATTRIBUTES: [(style::Attribute, style::Attribute); 10] = [
(style::Attribute::Bold, style::Attribute::NormalIntensity),
(style::Attribute::Italic, style::Attribute::NoItalic),
(style::Attribute::Underlined, style::Attribute::NoUnderline),
(
style::Attribute::DoubleUnderlined,
style::Attribute::NoUnderline,
),
(style::Attribute::Undercurled, style::Attribute::NoUnderline),
(style::Attribute::Underdotted, style::Attribute::NoUnderline),
(style::Attribute::Underdashed, style::Attribute::NoUnderline),
(style::Attribute::Reverse, style::Attribute::NoReverse),
(
style::Attribute::CrossedOut,
style::Attribute::NotCrossedOut,
),
(style::Attribute::SlowBlink, style::Attribute::NoBlink),
];
fn test_set_display_attributes<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
queue!(
w,
style::Print("Display attributes"),
cursor::MoveToNextLine(2)
)?;
for (on, off) in &ATTRIBUTES {
queue!(
w,
style::SetAttribute(*on),
style::Print(format!("{:>width$} ", format!("{:?}", on), width = 35)),
style::SetAttribute(*off),
style::Print(format!("{:>width$}", format!("{:?}", off), width = 35)),
style::ResetColor,
cursor::MoveToNextLine(1)
)?;
}
w.flush()?;
Ok(())
}
pub fn run<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
run_tests!(w, test_set_display_attributes,);
Ok(())
}

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#![allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
use crossterm::{cursor, queue, style, style::Color};
use std::io::Write;
const COLORS: [Color; 21] = [
Color::Black,
Color::DarkGrey,
Color::Grey,
Color::White,
Color::DarkRed,
Color::Red,
Color::DarkGreen,
Color::Green,
Color::DarkYellow,
Color::Yellow,
Color::DarkBlue,
Color::Blue,
Color::DarkMagenta,
Color::Magenta,
Color::DarkCyan,
Color::Cyan,
Color::AnsiValue(0),
Color::AnsiValue(15),
Color::Rgb { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 },
Color::Rgb { r: 0, g: 255, b: 0 },
Color::Rgb { r: 0, g: 0, b: 255 },
];
fn test_set_foreground_color<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
queue!(
w,
style::Print("Foreground colors on the black & white background"),
cursor::MoveToNextLine(2)
)?;
for color in &COLORS {
queue!(
w,
style::SetForegroundColor(*color),
style::SetBackgroundColor(Color::Black),
style::Print(format!(
"{:>width$} ",
format!("{:?} ████████████", color),
width = 40
)),
style::SetBackgroundColor(Color::White),
style::Print(format!(
"{:>width$}",
format!("{:?} ████████████", color),
width = 40
)),
cursor::MoveToNextLine(1)
)?;
}
w.flush()?;
Ok(())
}
fn test_set_background_color<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
queue!(
w,
style::Print("Background colors with black & white foreground"),
cursor::MoveToNextLine(2)
)?;
for color in &COLORS {
queue!(
w,
style::SetBackgroundColor(*color),
style::SetForegroundColor(Color::Black),
style::Print(format!(
"{:>width$} ",
format!("{:?} ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒", color),
width = 40
)),
style::SetForegroundColor(Color::White),
style::Print(format!(
"{:>width$}",
format!("{:?} ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒", color),
width = 40
)),
cursor::MoveToNextLine(1)
)?;
}
w.flush()?;
Ok(())
}
fn test_color_values_matrix_16x16<W, F>(w: &mut W, title: &str, color: F) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
F: Fn(u16, u16) -> Color,
{
queue!(w, style::Print(title))?;
for idx in 0..=15 {
queue!(
w,
cursor::MoveTo(1, idx + 4),
style::Print(format!("{:>width$}", idx, width = 2))
)?;
queue!(
w,
cursor::MoveTo(idx * 3 + 3, 3),
style::Print(format!("{:>width$}", idx, width = 3))
)?;
}
for row in 0..=15u16 {
queue!(w, cursor::MoveTo(4, row + 4))?;
for col in 0..=15u16 {
queue!(
w,
style::SetForegroundColor(color(col, row)),
style::Print("███")
)?;
}
queue!(
w,
style::SetForegroundColor(Color::White),
style::Print(format!("{:>width$} ..= ", row * 16, width = 3)),
style::Print(format!("{:>width$}", row * 16 + 15, width = 3))
)?;
}
w.flush()?;
Ok(())
}
fn test_color_ansi_values<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
test_color_values_matrix_16x16(w, "Color::Ansi values", |col, row| {
Color::AnsiValue((row * 16 + col) as u8)
})
}
fn test_rgb_red_values<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
test_color_values_matrix_16x16(w, "Color::Rgb red values", |col, row| Color::Rgb {
r: (row * 16 + col) as u8,
g: 0_u8,
b: 0,
})
}
fn test_rgb_green_values<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
test_color_values_matrix_16x16(w, "Color::Rgb green values", |col, row| Color::Rgb {
r: 0,
g: (row * 16 + col) as u8,
b: 0,
})
}
fn test_rgb_blue_values<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
test_color_values_matrix_16x16(w, "Color::Rgb blue values", |col, row| Color::Rgb {
r: 0,
g: 0,
b: (row * 16 + col) as u8,
})
}
pub fn run<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
run_tests!(
w,
test_set_foreground_color,
test_set_background_color,
test_color_ansi_values,
test_rgb_red_values,
test_rgb_green_values,
test_rgb_blue_values,
);
Ok(())
}

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#![allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
use std::io::Write;
use crossterm::{cursor, execute, queue, style, style::Stylize, Command};
use std::thread;
use std::time::Duration;
fn test_move_cursor_up<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
draw_cursor_box(w, "Move Up (2)", |_, _| cursor::MoveUp(2))
}
fn test_move_cursor_down<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
draw_cursor_box(w, "Move Down (2)", |_, _| cursor::MoveDown(2))
}
fn test_move_cursor_left<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
draw_cursor_box(w, "Move Left (2)", |_, _| cursor::MoveLeft(2))
}
fn test_move_cursor_right<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
draw_cursor_box(w, "Move Right (2)", |_, _| cursor::MoveRight(2))
}
fn test_move_cursor_to_previous_line<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
draw_cursor_box(w, "MoveToPreviousLine (1)", |_, _| {
cursor::MoveToPreviousLine(1)
})
}
fn test_move_cursor_to_next_line<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
draw_cursor_box(w, "MoveToNextLine (1)", |_, _| cursor::MoveToNextLine(1))
}
fn test_move_cursor_to_column<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
draw_cursor_box(w, "MoveToColumn (1)", |center_x, _| {
cursor::MoveToColumn(center_x + 1)
})
}
fn test_hide_cursor<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
execute!(w, style::Print("HideCursor"), cursor::Hide)
}
fn test_show_cursor<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
execute!(w, style::Print("ShowCursor"), cursor::Show)
}
fn test_cursor_blinking_block<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
execute!(
w,
style::Print("Blinking Block:"),
cursor::MoveLeft(2),
cursor::SetCursorStyle::BlinkingBlock,
)
}
fn test_cursor_blinking_underscore<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
execute!(
w,
style::Print("Blinking Underscore:"),
cursor::MoveLeft(2),
cursor::SetCursorStyle::BlinkingUnderScore,
)
}
fn test_cursor_blinking_bar<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
execute!(
w,
style::Print("Blinking bar:"),
cursor::MoveLeft(2),
cursor::SetCursorStyle::BlinkingBar,
)
}
fn test_move_cursor_to<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
draw_cursor_box(
w,
"MoveTo (x: 1, y: 1) removed from center",
|center_x, center_y| cursor::MoveTo(center_x + 1, center_y + 1),
)
}
fn test_save_restore_cursor_position<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
execute!(w,
cursor::MoveTo(0, 0),
style::Print("Save position, print character elsewhere, after three seconds restore to old position."),
cursor::MoveToNextLine(2),
style::Print("Save ->[ ]<- Position"),
cursor::MoveTo(8, 2),
cursor::SavePosition,
cursor::MoveTo(10,10),
style::Print("Move To ->[√]<- Position")
)?;
thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3));
execute!(w, cursor::RestorePosition, style::Print(""))
}
/// Draws a box with an colored center, this center can be taken as a reference point after running the given cursor command.
fn draw_cursor_box<W, F, T>(w: &mut W, description: &str, cursor_command: F) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
F: Fn(u16, u16) -> T,
T: Command,
{
execute!(
w,
cursor::Hide,
cursor::MoveTo(0, 0),
style::SetForegroundColor(style::Color::Red),
style::Print(format!(
"Red box is the center. After the action: '{}' '√' is drawn to reflect the action from the center.",
description
))
)?;
let start_y = 2;
let width = 21;
let height = 11 + start_y;
let center_x = width / 2;
let center_y = (height + start_y) / 2;
for row in start_y..=10 + start_y {
for column in 0..=width {
if (row == start_y || row == height - 1) || (column == 0 || column == width) {
queue!(
w,
cursor::MoveTo(column, row),
style::PrintStyledContent("".red()),
)?;
} else {
queue!(
w,
cursor::MoveTo(column, row),
style::PrintStyledContent("_".red().on_white())
)?;
}
}
}
queue!(
w,
cursor::MoveTo(center_x, center_y),
style::PrintStyledContent("".red().on_white()),
cursor::MoveTo(center_x, center_y),
)?;
queue!(
w,
cursor_command(center_x, center_y),
style::PrintStyledContent("".magenta().on_white())
)?;
w.flush()?;
Ok(())
}
pub fn run<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
run_tests!(
w,
test_hide_cursor,
test_show_cursor,
test_cursor_blinking_bar,
test_cursor_blinking_block,
test_cursor_blinking_underscore,
test_move_cursor_left,
test_move_cursor_right,
test_move_cursor_up,
test_move_cursor_down,
test_move_cursor_to,
test_move_cursor_to_next_line,
test_move_cursor_to_previous_line,
test_move_cursor_to_column,
test_save_restore_cursor_position
);
Ok(())
}

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#![allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
use crossterm::{
cursor::position,
event::{read, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
};
use std::io::{self, Write};
fn test_event<W>(w: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
where
W: io::Write,
{
execute!(w, EnableMouseCapture)?;
loop {
// Blocking read
let event = read()?;
println!("Event::{:?}\r", event);
if event == Event::Key(KeyCode::Char('c').into()) {
println!("Cursor position: {:?}\r", position());
}
if event == Event::Key(KeyCode::Char('q').into()) {
break;
}
}
execute!(w, DisableMouseCapture)?;
Ok(())
}
pub fn run<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
run_tests!(w, test_event);
Ok(())
}

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use std::io::Write;
use crossterm::{cursor, execute, style::Print, SynchronizedUpdate};
fn render_slowly<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
for i in 1..10 {
execute!(w, Print(format!("{}", i)))?;
std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(50));
}
Ok(())
}
fn test_slow_rendering<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
execute!(w, Print("Rendering without synchronized update:"))?;
execute!(w, cursor::MoveToNextLine(1))?;
std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(50));
render_slowly(w)?;
execute!(w, cursor::MoveToNextLine(1))?;
execute!(w, Print("Rendering with synchronized update:"))?;
execute!(w, cursor::MoveToNextLine(1))?;
std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(50));
w.sync_update(render_slowly)??;
execute!(w, cursor::MoveToNextLine(1))?;
Ok(())
}
pub fn run<W>(w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()>
where
W: Write,
{
run_tests!(w, test_slow_rendering,);
Ok(())
}

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use crossterm::{
execute,
terminal::{size, SetSize},
tty::IsTty,
};
use std::io::{stdin, stdout};
pub fn main() {
println!("size: {:?}", size().unwrap());
execute!(stdout(), SetSize(10, 10)).unwrap();
println!("resized: {:?}", size().unwrap());
if stdin().is_tty() {
println!("Is TTY");
} else {
println!("Is not TTY");
}
}

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//! This shows how an application can write on stderr
//! instead of stdout, thus making it possible to
//! the command API instead of the "old style" direct
//! unbuffered API.
//!
//! This particular example is only suited to Unix
//! for now.
//!
//! cargo run --example stderr
use std::io;
use crossterm::{
cursor::{Hide, MoveTo, Show},
event,
event::{Event, KeyCode, KeyEvent},
execute, queue,
style::Print,
terminal::{self, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
};
const TEXT: &str = r#"
This screen is ran on stderr.
And when you hit enter, it prints on stdout.
This makes it possible to run an application and choose what will
be sent to any application calling yours.
For example, assuming you build this example with
cargo build --bin stderr
and then you run it with
cd "$(target/debug/stderr)"
what the application prints on stdout is used as argument to cd.
Try it out.
Hit any key to quit this screen:
1 will print `..`
2 will print `/`
3 will print `~`
Any other key will print this text (so that you may copy-paste)
"#;
fn run_app<W>(write: &mut W) -> io::Result<char>
where
W: io::Write,
{
queue!(
write,
EnterAlternateScreen, // enter alternate screen
Hide // hide the cursor
)?;
let mut y = 1;
for line in TEXT.split('\n') {
queue!(write, MoveTo(1, y), Print(line.to_string()))?;
y += 1;
}
write.flush()?;
terminal::enable_raw_mode()?;
let user_char = read_char()?; // we wait for the user to hit a key
execute!(write, Show, LeaveAlternateScreen)?; // restore the cursor and leave the alternate screen
terminal::disable_raw_mode()?;
Ok(user_char)
}
pub fn read_char() -> io::Result<char> {
loop {
if let Event::Key(KeyEvent {
code: KeyCode::Char(c),
..
}) = event::read()?
{
return Ok(c);
}
}
}
// cargo run --example stderr
fn main() {
match run_app(&mut io::stderr()).unwrap() {
'1' => print!(".."),
'2' => print!("/"),
'3' => print!("~"),
_ => println!("{}", TEXT),
}
}

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use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
use crossterm_winapi::{ConsoleMode, Handle};
use parking_lot::Once;
use winapi::um::wincon::ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
/// Enable virtual terminal processing.
///
/// This method attempts to enable virtual terminal processing for this
/// console. If there was a problem enabling it, then an error returned.
/// On success, the caller may assume that enabling it was successful.
///
/// When virtual terminal processing is enabled, characters emitted to the
/// console are parsed for VT100 and similar control character sequences
/// that control color and other similar operations.
fn enable_vt_processing() -> std::io::Result<()> {
let mask = ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
let console_mode = ConsoleMode::from(Handle::current_out_handle()?);
let old_mode = console_mode.mode()?;
if old_mode & mask == 0 {
console_mode.set_mode(old_mode | mask)?;
}
Ok(())
}
static SUPPORTS_ANSI_ESCAPE_CODES: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
static INITIALIZER: Once = Once::new();
/// Checks if the current terminal supports ANSI escape sequences
pub fn supports_ansi() -> bool {
INITIALIZER.call_once(|| {
// Some terminals on Windows like GitBash can't use WinAPI calls directly
// so when we try to enable the ANSI-flag for Windows this won't work.
// Because of that we should check first if the TERM-variable is set
// and see if the current terminal is a terminal who does support ANSI.
let supported = enable_vt_processing().is_ok()
|| std::env::var("TERM").map_or(false, |term| term != "dumb");
SUPPORTS_ANSI_ESCAPE_CODES.store(supported, Ordering::SeqCst);
});
SUPPORTS_ANSI_ESCAPE_CODES.load(Ordering::SeqCst)
}

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use std::fmt;
use std::io::{self, Write};
use crate::terminal::{BeginSynchronizedUpdate, EndSynchronizedUpdate};
/// An interface for a command that performs an action on the terminal.
///
/// Crossterm provides a set of commands,
/// and there is no immediate reason to implement a command yourself.
/// In order to understand how to use and execute commands,
/// it is recommended that you take a look at [Command API](./index.html#command-api) chapter.
pub trait Command {
/// Write an ANSI representation of this command to the given writer.
/// An ANSI code can manipulate the terminal by writing it to the terminal buffer.
/// However, only Windows 10 and UNIX systems support this.
///
/// This method does not need to be accessed manually, as it is used by the crossterm's [Command API](./index.html#command-api)
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result;
/// Execute this command.
///
/// Windows versions lower than windows 10 do not support ANSI escape codes,
/// therefore a direct WinAPI call is made.
///
/// This method does not need to be accessed manually, as it is used by the crossterm's [Command API](./index.html#command-api)
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()>;
/// Returns whether the ANSI code representation of this command is supported by windows.
///
/// A list of supported ANSI escape codes
/// can be found [here](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/console-virtual-terminal-sequences).
#[cfg(windows)]
fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
super::ansi_support::supports_ansi()
}
}
impl<T: Command + ?Sized> Command for &T {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
(**self).write_ansi(f)
}
#[inline]
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
T::execute_winapi(self)
}
#[cfg(windows)]
#[inline]
fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
T::is_ansi_code_supported(self)
}
}
/// An interface for types that can queue commands for further execution.
pub trait QueueableCommand {
/// Queues the given command for further execution.
fn queue(&mut self, command: impl Command) -> io::Result<&mut Self>;
}
/// An interface for types that can directly execute commands.
pub trait ExecutableCommand {
/// Executes the given command directly.
fn execute(&mut self, command: impl Command) -> io::Result<&mut Self>;
}
impl<T: Write + ?Sized> QueueableCommand for T {
/// Queues the given command for further execution.
///
/// Queued commands will be executed in the following cases:
///
/// * When `flush` is called manually on the given type implementing `io::Write`.
/// * The terminal will `flush` automatically if the buffer is full.
/// * Each line is flushed in case of `stdout`, because it is line buffered.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// - [Command](./trait.Command.html)
///
/// The command that you want to queue for later execution.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::io::{self, Write};
/// use crossterm::{QueueableCommand, style::Print};
///
/// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
/// let mut stdout = io::stdout();
///
/// // `Print` will executed executed when `flush` is called.
/// stdout
/// .queue(Print("foo 1\n".to_string()))?
/// .queue(Print("foo 2".to_string()))?;
///
/// // some other code (no execution happening here) ...
///
/// // when calling `flush` on `stdout`, all commands will be written to the stdout and therefore executed.
/// stdout.flush()?;
///
/// Ok(())
///
/// // ==== Output ====
/// // foo 1
/// // foo 2
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Have a look over at the [Command API](./index.html#command-api) for more details.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// * In the case of UNIX and Windows 10, ANSI codes are written to the given 'writer'.
/// * In case of Windows versions lower than 10, a direct WinAPI call will be made.
/// The reason for this is that Windows versions lower than 10 do not support ANSI codes,
/// and can therefore not be written to the given `writer`.
/// Therefore, there is no difference between [execute](./trait.ExecutableCommand.html)
/// and [queue](./trait.QueueableCommand.html) for those old Windows versions.
fn queue(&mut self, command: impl Command) -> io::Result<&mut Self> {
#[cfg(windows)]
if !command.is_ansi_code_supported() {
// There may be queued commands in this writer, but `execute_winapi` will execute the
// command immediately. To prevent commands being executed out of order we flush the
// writer now.
self.flush()?;
command.execute_winapi()?;
return Ok(self);
}
write_command_ansi(self, command)?;
Ok(self)
}
}
impl<T: Write + ?Sized> ExecutableCommand for T {
/// Executes the given command directly.
///
/// The given command its ANSI escape code will be written and flushed onto `Self`.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// - [Command](./trait.Command.html)
///
/// The command that you want to execute directly.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::io;
/// use crossterm::{ExecutableCommand, style::Print};
///
/// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
/// // will be executed directly
/// io::stdout()
/// .execute(Print("sum:\n".to_string()))?
/// .execute(Print(format!("1 + 1= {} ", 1 + 1)))?;
///
/// Ok(())
///
/// // ==== Output ====
/// // sum:
/// // 1 + 1 = 2
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Have a look over at the [Command API](./index.html#command-api) for more details.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// * In the case of UNIX and Windows 10, ANSI codes are written to the given 'writer'.
/// * In case of Windows versions lower than 10, a direct WinAPI call will be made.
/// The reason for this is that Windows versions lower than 10 do not support ANSI codes,
/// and can therefore not be written to the given `writer`.
/// Therefore, there is no difference between [execute](./trait.ExecutableCommand.html)
/// and [queue](./trait.QueueableCommand.html) for those old Windows versions.
fn execute(&mut self, command: impl Command) -> io::Result<&mut Self> {
self.queue(command)?;
self.flush()?;
Ok(self)
}
}
/// An interface for types that support synchronized updates.
pub trait SynchronizedUpdate {
/// Performs a set of actions against the given type.
fn sync_update<T>(&mut self, operations: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> T) -> io::Result<T>;
}
impl<W: std::io::Write + ?Sized> SynchronizedUpdate for W {
/// Performs a set of actions within a synchronous update.
///
/// Updates will be suspended in the terminal, the function will be executed against self,
/// updates will be resumed, and a flush will be performed.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// - Function
///
/// A function that performs the operations that must execute in a synchronized update.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::io;
/// use crossterm::{ExecutableCommand, SynchronizedUpdate, style::Print};
///
/// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
/// let mut stdout = io::stdout();
///
/// stdout.sync_update(|stdout| {
/// stdout.execute(Print("foo 1\n".to_string()))?;
/// stdout.execute(Print("foo 2".to_string()))?;
/// // The effects of the print command will not be present in the terminal
/// // buffer, but not visible in the terminal.
/// std::io::Result::Ok(())
/// })?;
///
/// // The effects of the commands will be visible.
///
/// Ok(())
///
/// // ==== Output ====
/// // foo 1
/// // foo 2
/// }
/// ```
///
/// # Notes
///
/// This command is performed only using ANSI codes, and will do nothing on terminals that do not support ANSI
/// codes, or this specific extension.
///
/// When rendering the screen of the terminal, the Emulator usually iterates through each visible grid cell and
/// renders its current state. With applications updating the screen a at higher frequency this can cause tearing.
///
/// This mode attempts to mitigate that.
///
/// When the synchronization mode is enabled following render calls will keep rendering the last rendered state.
/// The terminal Emulator keeps processing incoming text and sequences. When the synchronized update mode is disabled
/// again the renderer may fetch the latest screen buffer state again, effectively avoiding the tearing effect
/// by unintentionally rendering in the middle a of an application screen update.
///
fn sync_update<T>(&mut self, operations: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> T) -> io::Result<T> {
self.queue(BeginSynchronizedUpdate)?;
let result = operations(self);
self.execute(EndSynchronizedUpdate)?;
Ok(result)
}
}
/// Writes the ANSI representation of a command to the given writer.
fn write_command_ansi<C: Command>(
io: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
command: C,
) -> io::Result<()> {
struct Adapter<T> {
inner: T,
res: io::Result<()>,
}
impl<T: Write> fmt::Write for Adapter<T> {
fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
self.inner.write_all(s.as_bytes()).map_err(|e| {
self.res = Err(e);
fmt::Error
})
}
}
let mut adapter = Adapter {
inner: io,
res: Ok(()),
};
command
.write_ansi(&mut adapter)
.map_err(|fmt::Error| match adapter.res {
Ok(()) => panic!(
"<{}>::write_ansi incorrectly errored",
std::any::type_name::<C>()
),
Err(e) => e,
})
}
/// Executes the ANSI representation of a command, using the given `fmt::Write`.
pub(crate) fn execute_fmt(f: &mut impl fmt::Write, command: impl Command) -> fmt::Result {
#[cfg(windows)]
if !command.is_ansi_code_supported() {
return command.execute_winapi().map_err(|_| fmt::Error);
}
command.write_ansi(f)
}

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//! # Cursor
//!
//! The `cursor` module provides functionality to work with the terminal cursor.
//!
//! This documentation does not contain a lot of examples. The reason is that it's fairly
//! obvious how to use this crate. Although, we do provide
//! [examples](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/tree/master/examples) repository
//! to demonstrate the capabilities.
//!
//! ## Examples
//!
//! Cursor actions can be performed with commands.
//! Please have a look at [command documentation](../index.html#command-api) for a more detailed documentation.
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::io::{self, Write};
//!
//! use crossterm::{
//! ExecutableCommand, execute,
//! cursor::{DisableBlinking, EnableBlinking, MoveTo, RestorePosition, SavePosition}
//! };
//!
//! fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
//! // with macro
//! execute!(
//! io::stdout(),
//! SavePosition,
//! MoveTo(10, 10),
//! EnableBlinking,
//! DisableBlinking,
//! RestorePosition
//! );
//!
//! // with function
//! io::stdout()
//! .execute(MoveTo(11,11))?
//! .execute(RestorePosition);
//!
//! Ok(())
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! For manual execution control check out [crossterm::queue](../macro.queue.html).
use std::fmt;
use crate::{csi, impl_display, Command};
pub(crate) mod sys;
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
pub use sys::position;
/// A command that moves the terminal cursor to the given position (column, row).
///
/// # Notes
/// * Top left cell is represented as `0,0`.
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct MoveTo(pub u16, pub u16);
impl Command for MoveTo {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{};{}H"), self.1 + 1, self.0 + 1)
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::move_to(self.0, self.1)
}
}
/// A command that moves the terminal cursor down the given number of lines,
/// and moves it to the first column.
///
/// # Notes
/// * This command is 1 based, meaning `MoveToNextLine(1)` moves to the next line.
/// * Most terminals default 0 argument to 1.
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct MoveToNextLine(pub u16);
impl Command for MoveToNextLine {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}E"), self.0)?;
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
if self.0 != 0 {
sys::move_to_next_line(self.0)?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that moves the terminal cursor up the given number of lines,
/// and moves it to the first column.
///
/// # Notes
/// * This command is 1 based, meaning `MoveToPreviousLine(1)` moves to the previous line.
/// * Most terminals default 0 argument to 1.
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct MoveToPreviousLine(pub u16);
impl Command for MoveToPreviousLine {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}F"), self.0)?;
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
if self.0 != 0 {
sys::move_to_previous_line(self.0)?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that moves the terminal cursor to the given column on the current row.
///
/// # Notes
/// * This command is 0 based, meaning 0 is the leftmost column.
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct MoveToColumn(pub u16);
impl Command for MoveToColumn {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}G"), self.0 + 1)?;
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::move_to_column(self.0)
}
}
/// A command that moves the terminal cursor to the given row on the current column.
///
/// # Notes
/// * This command is 0 based, meaning 0 is the topmost row.
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct MoveToRow(pub u16);
impl Command for MoveToRow {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}d"), self.0 + 1)?;
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::move_to_row(self.0)
}
}
/// A command that moves the terminal cursor a given number of rows up.
///
/// # Notes
/// * This command is 1 based, meaning `MoveUp(1)` moves the cursor up one cell.
/// * Most terminals default 0 argument to 1.
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct MoveUp(pub u16);
impl Command for MoveUp {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}A"), self.0)?;
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::move_up(self.0)
}
}
/// A command that moves the terminal cursor a given number of columns to the right.
///
/// # Notes
/// * This command is 1 based, meaning `MoveRight(1)` moves the cursor right one cell.
/// * Most terminals default 0 argument to 1.
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct MoveRight(pub u16);
impl Command for MoveRight {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}C"), self.0)?;
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::move_right(self.0)
}
}
/// A command that moves the terminal cursor a given number of rows down.
///
/// # Notes
/// * This command is 1 based, meaning `MoveDown(1)` moves the cursor down one cell.
/// * Most terminals default 0 argument to 1.
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct MoveDown(pub u16);
impl Command for MoveDown {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}B"), self.0)?;
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::move_down(self.0)
}
}
/// A command that moves the terminal cursor a given number of columns to the left.
///
/// # Notes
/// * This command is 1 based, meaning `MoveLeft(1)` moves the cursor left one cell.
/// * Most terminals default 0 argument to 1.
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct MoveLeft(pub u16);
impl Command for MoveLeft {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}D"), self.0)?;
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::move_left(self.0)
}
}
/// A command that saves the current terminal cursor position.
///
/// See the [RestorePosition](./struct.RestorePosition.html) command.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// - The cursor position is stored globally.
/// - Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SavePosition;
impl Command for SavePosition {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str("\x1B7")
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::save_position()
}
}
/// A command that restores the saved terminal cursor position.
///
/// See the [SavePosition](./struct.SavePosition.html) command.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// - The cursor position is stored globally.
/// - Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct RestorePosition;
impl Command for RestorePosition {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str("\x1B8")
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::restore_position()
}
}
/// A command that hides the terminal cursor.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// - Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Hide;
impl Command for Hide {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?25l"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::show_cursor(false)
}
}
/// A command that shows the terminal cursor.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// - Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Show;
impl Command for Show {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?25h"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::show_cursor(true)
}
}
/// A command that enables blinking of the terminal cursor.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// - Some Unix terminals (ex: GNOME and Konsole) as well as Windows versions lower than Windows 10 do not support this functionality.
/// Use `SetCursorStyle` for better cross-compatibility.
/// - Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct EnableBlinking;
impl Command for EnableBlinking {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?12h"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that disables blinking of the terminal cursor.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// - Some Unix terminals (ex: GNOME and Konsole) as well as Windows versions lower than Windows 10 do not support this functionality.
/// Use `SetCursorStyle` for better cross-compatibility.
/// - Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct DisableBlinking;
impl Command for DisableBlinking {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?12l"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that sets the style of the cursor.
/// It uses two types of escape codes, one to control blinking, and the other the shape.
///
/// # Note
///
/// - Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
pub enum SetCursorStyle {
/// Default cursor shape configured by the user.
DefaultUserShape,
/// A blinking block cursor shape (■).
BlinkingBlock,
/// A non blinking block cursor shape (inverse of `BlinkingBlock`).
SteadyBlock,
/// A blinking underscore cursor shape(_).
BlinkingUnderScore,
/// A non blinking underscore cursor shape (inverse of `BlinkingUnderScore`).
SteadyUnderScore,
/// A blinking cursor bar shape (|)
BlinkingBar,
/// A steady cursor bar shape (inverse of `BlinkingBar`).
SteadyBar,
}
impl Command for SetCursorStyle {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
SetCursorStyle::DefaultUserShape => f.write_str("\x1b[0 q"),
SetCursorStyle::BlinkingBlock => f.write_str("\x1b[1 q"),
SetCursorStyle::SteadyBlock => f.write_str("\x1b[2 q"),
SetCursorStyle::BlinkingUnderScore => f.write_str("\x1b[3 q"),
SetCursorStyle::SteadyUnderScore => f.write_str("\x1b[4 q"),
SetCursorStyle::BlinkingBar => f.write_str("\x1b[5 q"),
SetCursorStyle::SteadyBar => f.write_str("\x1b[6 q"),
}
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
}
impl_display!(for MoveTo);
impl_display!(for MoveToColumn);
impl_display!(for MoveToRow);
impl_display!(for MoveToNextLine);
impl_display!(for MoveToPreviousLine);
impl_display!(for MoveUp);
impl_display!(for MoveDown);
impl_display!(for MoveLeft);
impl_display!(for MoveRight);
impl_display!(for SavePosition);
impl_display!(for RestorePosition);
impl_display!(for Hide);
impl_display!(for Show);
impl_display!(for EnableBlinking);
impl_display!(for DisableBlinking);
impl_display!(for SetCursorStyle);
#[cfg(test)]
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
mod tests {
use std::io::{self, stdout};
use crate::execute;
use super::{
sys::position, MoveDown, MoveLeft, MoveRight, MoveTo, MoveUp, RestorePosition, SavePosition,
};
// Test is disabled, because it's failing on Travis
#[test]
#[ignore]
fn test_move_to() {
let (saved_x, saved_y) = position().unwrap();
execute!(stdout(), MoveTo(saved_x + 1, saved_y + 1)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (saved_x + 1, saved_y + 1));
execute!(stdout(), MoveTo(saved_x, saved_y)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (saved_x, saved_y));
}
// Test is disabled, because it's failing on Travis
#[test]
#[ignore]
fn test_move_right() {
let (saved_x, saved_y) = position().unwrap();
execute!(io::stdout(), MoveRight(1)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (saved_x + 1, saved_y));
}
// Test is disabled, because it's failing on Travis
#[test]
#[ignore]
fn test_move_left() {
execute!(stdout(), MoveTo(2, 0), MoveLeft(2)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (0, 0));
}
// Test is disabled, because it's failing on Travis
#[test]
#[ignore]
fn test_move_up() {
execute!(stdout(), MoveTo(0, 2), MoveUp(2)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (0, 0));
}
// Test is disabled, because it's failing on Travis
#[test]
#[ignore]
fn test_move_down() {
execute!(stdout(), MoveTo(0, 0), MoveDown(2)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (0, 2));
}
// Test is disabled, because it's failing on Travis
#[test]
#[ignore]
fn test_save_restore_position() {
let (saved_x, saved_y) = position().unwrap();
execute!(
stdout(),
SavePosition,
MoveTo(saved_x + 1, saved_y + 1),
RestorePosition
)
.unwrap();
let (x, y) = position().unwrap();
assert_eq!(x, saved_x);
assert_eq!(y, saved_y);
}
}

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//! This module provides platform related functions.
#[cfg(unix)]
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
pub use self::unix::position;
#[cfg(windows)]
pub use self::windows::position;
#[cfg(windows)]
pub(crate) use self::windows::{
move_down, move_left, move_right, move_to, move_to_column, move_to_next_line,
move_to_previous_line, move_to_row, move_up, restore_position, save_position, show_cursor,
};
#[cfg(windows)]
pub(crate) mod windows;
#[cfg(unix)]
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
pub(crate) mod unix;

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use std::{
io::{self, Error, ErrorKind, Write},
time::Duration,
};
use crate::{
event::{filter::CursorPositionFilter, poll_internal, read_internal, InternalEvent},
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, sys::is_raw_mode_enabled},
};
/// Returns the cursor position (column, row).
///
/// The top left cell is represented as `(0, 0)`.
///
/// On unix systems, this function will block and possibly time out while
/// [`crossterm::event::read`](crate::event::read) or [`crossterm::event::poll`](crate::event::poll) are being called.
pub fn position() -> io::Result<(u16, u16)> {
if is_raw_mode_enabled() {
read_position_raw()
} else {
read_position()
}
}
fn read_position() -> io::Result<(u16, u16)> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
let pos = read_position_raw();
disable_raw_mode()?;
pos
}
fn read_position_raw() -> io::Result<(u16, u16)> {
// Use `ESC [ 6 n` to and retrieve the cursor position.
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
stdout.write_all(b"\x1B[6n")?;
stdout.flush()?;
loop {
match poll_internal(Some(Duration::from_millis(2000)), &CursorPositionFilter) {
Ok(true) => {
if let Ok(InternalEvent::CursorPosition(x, y)) =
read_internal(&CursorPositionFilter)
{
return Ok((x, y));
}
}
Ok(false) => {
return Err(Error::new(
ErrorKind::Other,
"The cursor position could not be read within a normal duration",
));
}
Err(_) => {}
}
}
}

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//! WinAPI related logic to cursor manipulation.
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use std::io;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
use crossterm_winapi::{result, Coord, Handle, HandleType, ScreenBuffer};
use winapi::{
shared::minwindef::{FALSE, TRUE},
um::wincon::{SetConsoleCursorInfo, SetConsoleCursorPosition, CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO, COORD},
};
/// The position of the cursor, written when you save the cursor's position.
///
/// This is `u64::MAX` initially. Otherwise, it stores the cursor's x position bit-shifted left 16
/// times or-ed with the cursor's y position, where both are `i16`s.
static SAVED_CURSOR_POS: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(u64::MAX);
// The 'y' position of the cursor is not relative to the window but absolute to screen buffer.
// We can calculate the relative cursor position by subtracting the top position of the terminal window from the y position.
// This results in an 1-based coord zo subtract 1 to make cursor position 0-based.
pub fn parse_relative_y(y: i16) -> std::io::Result<i16> {
let window = ScreenBuffer::current()?.info()?;
let window_size = window.terminal_window();
let screen_size = window.terminal_size();
if y <= screen_size.height {
Ok(y)
} else {
Ok(y - window_size.top)
}
}
/// Returns the cursor position (column, row).
///
/// The top left cell is represented `0,0`.
pub fn position() -> io::Result<(u16, u16)> {
let cursor = ScreenBufferCursor::output()?;
let mut position = cursor.position()?;
// if position.y != 0 {
position.y = parse_relative_y(position.y)?;
// }
Ok(position.into())
}
pub(crate) fn show_cursor(show_cursor: bool) -> std::io::Result<()> {
ScreenBufferCursor::from(Handle::current_out_handle()?).set_visibility(show_cursor)
}
pub(crate) fn move_to(column: u16, row: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let cursor = ScreenBufferCursor::output()?;
cursor.move_to(column as i16, row as i16)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn move_up(count: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (column, row) = position()?;
move_to(column, row - count)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn move_right(count: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (column, row) = position()?;
move_to(column + count, row)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn move_down(count: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (column, row) = position()?;
move_to(column, row + count)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn move_left(count: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (column, row) = position()?;
move_to(column - count, row)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn move_to_column(new_column: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (_, row) = position()?;
move_to(new_column, row)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn move_to_row(new_row: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (col, _) = position()?;
move_to(col, new_row)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn move_to_next_line(count: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (_, row) = position()?;
move_to(0, row + count)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn move_to_previous_line(count: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (_, row) = position()?;
move_to(0, row - count)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn save_position() -> std::io::Result<()> {
ScreenBufferCursor::output()?.save_position()?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn restore_position() -> std::io::Result<()> {
ScreenBufferCursor::output()?.restore_position()?;
Ok(())
}
/// WinAPI wrapper over terminal cursor behaviour.
struct ScreenBufferCursor {
screen_buffer: ScreenBuffer,
}
impl ScreenBufferCursor {
fn output() -> std::io::Result<ScreenBufferCursor> {
Ok(ScreenBufferCursor {
screen_buffer: ScreenBuffer::from(Handle::new(HandleType::CurrentOutputHandle)?),
})
}
fn position(&self) -> std::io::Result<Coord> {
Ok(self.screen_buffer.info()?.cursor_pos())
}
fn move_to(&self, x: i16, y: i16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
if x < 0 {
return Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::Other,
format!("Argument Out of Range Exception when setting cursor position to X: {x}"),
));
}
if y < 0 {
return Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::Other,
format!("Argument Out of Range Exception when setting cursor position to Y: {y}"),
));
}
let position = COORD { X: x, Y: y };
unsafe {
if result(SetConsoleCursorPosition(
**self.screen_buffer.handle(),
position,
))
.is_err()
{
return Err(io::Error::last_os_error());
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn set_visibility(&self, visible: bool) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let cursor_info = CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO {
dwSize: 100,
bVisible: if visible { TRUE } else { FALSE },
};
unsafe {
if result(SetConsoleCursorInfo(
**self.screen_buffer.handle(),
&cursor_info,
))
.is_err()
{
return Err(io::Error::last_os_error());
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn restore_position(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
if let Ok(val) = u32::try_from(SAVED_CURSOR_POS.load(Ordering::Relaxed)) {
let x = (val >> 16) as i16;
let y = val as i16;
self.move_to(x, y)?;
}
Ok(())
}
fn save_position(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let position = self.position()?;
let bits = u64::from(u32::from(position.x as u16) << 16 | u32::from(position.y as u16));
SAVED_CURSOR_POS.store(bits, Ordering::Relaxed);
Ok(())
}
}
impl From<Handle> for ScreenBufferCursor {
fn from(handle: Handle) -> Self {
ScreenBufferCursor {
screen_buffer: ScreenBuffer::from(handle),
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::{
move_down, move_left, move_right, move_to, move_to_column, move_to_next_line,
move_to_previous_line, move_to_row, move_up, position, restore_position, save_position,
};
use crate::terminal::sys::temp_screen_buffer;
use serial_test::serial;
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_move_to_winapi() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
let (saved_x, saved_y) = position().unwrap();
move_to(saved_x + 1, saved_y + 1).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (saved_x + 1, saved_y + 1));
move_to(saved_x, saved_y).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (saved_x, saved_y));
}
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_move_right_winapi() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
let (saved_x, saved_y) = position().unwrap();
move_right(1).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (saved_x + 1, saved_y));
}
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_move_left_winapi() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
move_to(2, 0).unwrap();
move_left(2).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (0, 0));
}
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_move_up_winapi() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
move_to(0, 2).unwrap();
move_up(2).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (0, 0));
}
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_move_to_next_line_winapi() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
move_to(0, 2).unwrap();
move_to_next_line(2).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (0, 4));
}
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_move_to_previous_line_winapi() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
move_to(0, 2).unwrap();
move_to_previous_line(2).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (0, 0));
}
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_move_to_column_winapi() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
move_to(0, 2).unwrap();
move_to_column(12).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (12, 2));
}
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_move_to_row_winapi() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
move_to(0, 2).unwrap();
move_to_row(5).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (0, 5));
}
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_move_down_winapi() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
move_to(0, 0).unwrap();
move_down(2).unwrap();
assert_eq!(position().unwrap(), (0, 2));
}
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_save_restore_position_winapi() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
let (saved_x, saved_y) = position().unwrap();
save_position().unwrap();
move_to(saved_x + 1, saved_y + 1).unwrap();
restore_position().unwrap();
let (x, y) = position().unwrap();
assert_eq!(x, saved_x);
assert_eq!(y, saved_y);
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,994 @@
//! # Event
//!
//! The `event` module provides the functionality to read keyboard, mouse and terminal resize events.
//!
//! * The [`read`](fn.read.html) function returns an [`Event`](enum.Event.html) immediately
//! (if available) or blocks until an [`Event`](enum.Event.html) is available.
//!
//! * The [`poll`](fn.poll.html) function allows you to check if there is or isn't an [`Event`](enum.Event.html) available
//! within the given period of time. In other words - if subsequent call to the [`read`](fn.read.html)
//! function will block or not.
//!
//! It's **not allowed** to call these functions from different threads or combine them with the
//! [`EventStream`](struct.EventStream.html). You're allowed to either:
//!
//! * use the [`read`](fn.read.html) & [`poll`](fn.poll.html) functions on any, but same, thread
//! * or the [`EventStream`](struct.EventStream.html).
//!
//! **Make sure to enable [raw mode](../terminal/index.html#raw-mode) in order for keyboard events to work properly**
//!
//! ## Mouse Events
//!
//! Mouse events are not enabled by default. You have to enable them with the
//! [`EnableMouseCapture`](struct.EnableMouseCapture.html) command. See [Command API](../index.html#command-api)
//! for more information.
//!
//! ## Examples
//!
//! Blocking read:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use crossterm::event::{read, Event};
//!
//! fn print_events() -> std::io::Result<()> {
//! loop {
//! // `read()` blocks until an `Event` is available
//! match read()? {
//! Event::FocusGained => println!("FocusGained"),
//! Event::FocusLost => println!("FocusLost"),
//! Event::Key(event) => println!("{:?}", event),
//! Event::Mouse(event) => println!("{:?}", event),
//! #[cfg(feature = "bracketed-paste")]
//! Event::Paste(data) => println!("{:?}", data),
//! Event::Resize(width, height) => println!("New size {}x{}", width, height),
//! }
//! }
//! Ok(())
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! Non-blocking read:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::{time::Duration, io};
//!
//! use crossterm::event::{poll, read, Event};
//!
//! fn print_events() -> io::Result<()> {
//! loop {
//! // `poll()` waits for an `Event` for a given time period
//! if poll(Duration::from_millis(500))? {
//! // It's guaranteed that the `read()` won't block when the `poll()`
//! // function returns `true`
//! match read()? {
//! Event::FocusGained => println!("FocusGained"),
//! Event::FocusLost => println!("FocusLost"),
//! Event::Key(event) => println!("{:?}", event),
//! Event::Mouse(event) => println!("{:?}", event),
//! #[cfg(feature = "bracketed-paste")]
//! Event::Paste(data) => println!("Pasted {:?}", data),
//! Event::Resize(width, height) => println!("New size {}x{}", width, height),
//! }
//! } else {
//! // Timeout expired and no `Event` is available
//! }
//! }
//! Ok(())
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! Check the [examples](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/tree/master/examples) folder for more of
//! them (`event-*`).
pub(crate) mod filter;
pub(crate) mod read;
pub(crate) mod source;
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
pub(crate) mod stream;
pub(crate) mod sys;
pub(crate) mod timeout;
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
pub use stream::EventStream;
use crate::event::{
filter::{EventFilter, Filter},
read::InternalEventReader,
timeout::PollTimeout,
};
use crate::{csi, Command};
use parking_lot::{MappedMutexGuard, Mutex, MutexGuard};
use std::fmt;
use std::time::Duration;
use bitflags::bitflags;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
/// Static instance of `InternalEventReader`.
/// This needs to be static because there can be one event reader.
static INTERNAL_EVENT_READER: Mutex<Option<InternalEventReader>> = parking_lot::const_mutex(None);
pub(crate) fn lock_internal_event_reader() -> MappedMutexGuard<'static, InternalEventReader> {
MutexGuard::map(INTERNAL_EVENT_READER.lock(), |reader| {
reader.get_or_insert_with(InternalEventReader::default)
})
}
fn try_lock_internal_event_reader_for(
duration: Duration,
) -> Option<MappedMutexGuard<'static, InternalEventReader>> {
Some(MutexGuard::map(
INTERNAL_EVENT_READER.try_lock_for(duration)?,
|reader| reader.get_or_insert_with(InternalEventReader::default),
))
}
/// Checks if there is an [`Event`](enum.Event.html) available.
///
/// Returns `Ok(true)` if an [`Event`](enum.Event.html) is available otherwise it returns `Ok(false)`.
///
/// `Ok(true)` guarantees that subsequent call to the [`read`](fn.read.html) function
/// won't block.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `timeout` - maximum waiting time for event availability
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Return immediately:
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::{time::Duration, io};
/// use crossterm::{event::poll};
///
/// fn is_event_available() -> io::Result<bool> {
/// // Zero duration says that the `poll` function must return immediately
/// // with an `Event` availability information
/// poll(Duration::from_secs(0))
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Wait up to 100ms:
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::{time::Duration, io};
///
/// use crossterm::event::poll;
///
/// fn is_event_available() -> io::Result<bool> {
/// // Wait for an `Event` availability for 100ms. It returns immediately
/// // if an `Event` is/becomes available.
/// poll(Duration::from_millis(100))
/// }
/// ```
pub fn poll(timeout: Duration) -> std::io::Result<bool> {
poll_internal(Some(timeout), &EventFilter)
}
/// Reads a single [`Event`](enum.Event.html).
///
/// This function blocks until an [`Event`](enum.Event.html) is available. Combine it with the
/// [`poll`](fn.poll.html) function to get non-blocking reads.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Blocking read:
///
/// ```no_run
/// use crossterm::event::read;
/// use std::io;
///
/// fn print_events() -> io::Result<bool> {
/// loop {
/// // Blocks until an `Event` is available
/// println!("{:?}", read()?);
/// }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Non-blocking read:
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::time::Duration;
/// use std::io;
///
/// use crossterm::event::{read, poll};
///
/// fn print_events() -> io::Result<bool> {
/// loop {
/// if poll(Duration::from_millis(100))? {
/// // It's guaranteed that `read` won't block, because `poll` returned
/// // `Ok(true)`.
/// println!("{:?}", read()?);
/// } else {
/// // Timeout expired, no `Event` is available
/// }
/// }
/// }
/// ```
pub fn read() -> std::io::Result<Event> {
match read_internal(&EventFilter)? {
InternalEvent::Event(event) => Ok(event),
#[cfg(unix)]
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}
/// Polls to check if there are any `InternalEvent`s that can be read within the given duration.
pub(crate) fn poll_internal<F>(timeout: Option<Duration>, filter: &F) -> std::io::Result<bool>
where
F: Filter,
{
let (mut reader, timeout) = if let Some(timeout) = timeout {
let poll_timeout = PollTimeout::new(Some(timeout));
if let Some(reader) = try_lock_internal_event_reader_for(timeout) {
(reader, poll_timeout.leftover())
} else {
return Ok(false);
}
} else {
(lock_internal_event_reader(), None)
};
reader.poll(timeout, filter)
}
/// Reads a single `InternalEvent`.
pub(crate) fn read_internal<F>(filter: &F) -> std::io::Result<InternalEvent>
where
F: Filter,
{
let mut reader = lock_internal_event_reader();
reader.read(filter)
}
bitflags! {
/// Represents special flags that tell compatible terminals to add extra information to keyboard events.
///
/// See <https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/keyboard-protocol/#progressive-enhancement> for more information.
///
/// Alternate keys and Unicode codepoints are not yet supported by crossterm.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize), serde(transparent))]
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
pub struct KeyboardEnhancementFlags: u8 {
/// Represent Escape and modified keys using CSI-u sequences, so they can be unambiguously
/// read.
const DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES = 0b0000_0001;
/// Add extra events with [`KeyEvent.kind`] set to [`KeyEventKind::Repeat`] or
/// [`KeyEventKind::Release`] when keys are autorepeated or released.
const REPORT_EVENT_TYPES = 0b0000_0010;
// Send [alternate keycodes](https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/keyboard-protocol/#key-codes)
// in addition to the base keycode. The alternate keycode overrides the base keycode in
// resulting `KeyEvent`s.
const REPORT_ALTERNATE_KEYS = 0b0000_0100;
/// Represent all keyboard events as CSI-u sequences. This is required to get repeat/release
/// events for plain-text keys.
const REPORT_ALL_KEYS_AS_ESCAPE_CODES = 0b0000_1000;
// Send the Unicode codepoint as well as the keycode.
//
// *Note*: this is not yet supported by crossterm.
// const REPORT_ASSOCIATED_TEXT = 0b0001_0000;
}
}
/// A command that enables mouse event capturing.
///
/// Mouse events can be captured with [read](./fn.read.html)/[poll](./fn.poll.html).
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct EnableMouseCapture;
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
impl Command for EnableMouseCapture {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(concat!(
// Normal tracking: Send mouse X & Y on button press and release
csi!("?1000h"),
// Button-event tracking: Report button motion events (dragging)
csi!("?1002h"),
// Any-event tracking: Report all motion events
csi!("?1003h"),
// RXVT mouse mode: Allows mouse coordinates of >223
csi!("?1015h"),
// SGR mouse mode: Allows mouse coordinates of >223, preferred over RXVT mode
csi!("?1006h"),
))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::windows::enable_mouse_capture()
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
false
}
}
/// A command that disables mouse event capturing.
///
/// Mouse events can be captured with [read](./fn.read.html)/[poll](./fn.poll.html).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct DisableMouseCapture;
impl Command for DisableMouseCapture {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(concat!(
// The inverse commands of EnableMouseCapture, in reverse order.
csi!("?1006l"),
csi!("?1015l"),
csi!("?1003l"),
csi!("?1002l"),
csi!("?1000l"),
))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::windows::disable_mouse_capture()
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
false
}
}
/// A command that enables focus event emission.
///
/// It should be paired with [`DisableFocusChange`] at the end of execution.
///
/// Focus events can be captured with [read](./fn.read.html)/[poll](./fn.poll.html).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct EnableFocusChange;
impl Command for EnableFocusChange {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?1004h"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
// Focus events are always enabled on Windows
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that disables focus event emission.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct DisableFocusChange;
impl Command for DisableFocusChange {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?1004l"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
// Focus events can't be disabled on Windows
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that enables [bracketed paste mode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracketed-paste).
///
/// It should be paired with [`DisableBracketedPaste`] at the end of execution.
///
/// This is not supported in older Windows terminals without
/// [virtual terminal sequences](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/console-virtual-terminal-sequences).
#[cfg(feature = "bracketed-paste")]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct EnableBracketedPaste;
#[cfg(feature = "bracketed-paste")]
impl Command for EnableBracketedPaste {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?2004h"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
Err(std::io::Error::new(
std::io::ErrorKind::Unsupported,
"Bracketed paste not implemented in the legacy Windows API.",
))
}
}
/// A command that disables bracketed paste mode.
#[cfg(feature = "bracketed-paste")]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct DisableBracketedPaste;
#[cfg(feature = "bracketed-paste")]
impl Command for DisableBracketedPaste {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?2004l"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that enables the [kitty keyboard protocol](https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/keyboard-protocol/), which adds extra information to keyboard events and removes ambiguity for modifier keys.
///
/// It should be paired with [`PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags`] at the end of execution.
///
/// Example usage:
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::{Write, stdout};
/// use crossterm::execute;
/// use crossterm::event::{
/// KeyboardEnhancementFlags,
/// PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags,
/// PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags
/// };
///
/// let mut stdout = stdout();
///
/// execute!(
/// stdout,
/// PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags(
/// KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES
/// )
/// );
///
/// // ...
///
/// execute!(stdout, PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags);
/// ```
///
/// Note that, currently, only the following support this protocol:
/// * [kitty terminal](https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/)
/// * [foot terminal](https://codeberg.org/dnkl/foot/issues/319)
/// * [WezTerm terminal](https://wezfurlong.org/wezterm/config/lua/config/enable_kitty_keyboard.html)
/// * [notcurses library](https://github.com/dankamongmen/notcurses/issues/2131)
/// * [neovim text editor](https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/18181)
/// * [kakoune text editor](https://github.com/mawww/kakoune/issues/4103)
/// * [dte text editor](https://gitlab.com/craigbarnes/dte/-/issues/138)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags(pub KeyboardEnhancementFlags);
impl Command for PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}{}u", csi!(">"), self.0.bits())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
use std::io;
Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::Unsupported,
"Keyboard progressive enhancement not implemented for the legacy Windows API.",
))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
false
}
}
/// A command that disables extra kinds of keyboard events.
///
/// Specifically, it pops one level of keyboard enhancement flags.
///
/// See [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`] and <https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/keyboard-protocol/> for more information.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags;
impl Command for PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("<1u"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
use std::io;
Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::Unsupported,
"Keyboard progressive enhancement not implemented for the legacy Windows API.",
))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
false
}
}
/// Represents an event.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(not(feature = "bracketed-paste"), derive(Copy))]
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
pub enum Event {
/// The terminal gained focus
FocusGained,
/// The terminal lost focus
FocusLost,
/// A single key event with additional pressed modifiers.
Key(KeyEvent),
/// A single mouse event with additional pressed modifiers.
Mouse(MouseEvent),
/// A string that was pasted into the terminal. Only emitted if bracketed paste has been
/// enabled.
#[cfg(feature = "bracketed-paste")]
Paste(String),
/// An resize event with new dimensions after resize (columns, rows).
/// **Note** that resize events can occur in batches.
Resize(u16, u16),
}
/// Represents a mouse event.
///
/// # Platform-specific Notes
///
/// ## Mouse Buttons
///
/// Some platforms/terminals do not report mouse button for the
/// `MouseEventKind::Up` and `MouseEventKind::Drag` events. `MouseButton::Left`
/// is returned if we don't know which button was used.
///
/// ## Key Modifiers
///
/// Some platforms/terminals does not report all key modifiers
/// combinations for all mouse event types. For example - macOS reports
/// `Ctrl` + left mouse button click as a right mouse button click.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
pub struct MouseEvent {
/// The kind of mouse event that was caused.
pub kind: MouseEventKind,
/// The column that the event occurred on.
pub column: u16,
/// The row that the event occurred on.
pub row: u16,
/// The key modifiers active when the event occurred.
pub modifiers: KeyModifiers,
}
/// A mouse event kind.
///
/// # Platform-specific Notes
///
/// ## Mouse Buttons
///
/// Some platforms/terminals do not report mouse button for the
/// `MouseEventKind::Up` and `MouseEventKind::Drag` events. `MouseButton::Left`
/// is returned if we don't know which button was used.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
pub enum MouseEventKind {
/// Pressed mouse button. Contains the button that was pressed.
Down(MouseButton),
/// Released mouse button. Contains the button that was released.
Up(MouseButton),
/// Moved the mouse cursor while pressing the contained mouse button.
Drag(MouseButton),
/// Moved the mouse cursor while not pressing a mouse button.
Moved,
/// Scrolled mouse wheel downwards (towards the user).
ScrollDown,
/// Scrolled mouse wheel upwards (away from the user).
ScrollUp,
/// Scrolled mouse wheel left (mostly on a laptop touchpad).
ScrollLeft,
/// Scrolled mouse wheel right (mostly on a laptop touchpad).
ScrollRight,
}
/// Represents a mouse button.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
pub enum MouseButton {
/// Left mouse button.
Left,
/// Right mouse button.
Right,
/// Middle mouse button.
Middle,
}
bitflags! {
/// Represents key modifiers (shift, control, alt, etc.).
///
/// **Note:** `SUPER`, `HYPER`, and `META` can only be read if
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] has been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize), serde(transparent))]
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
pub struct KeyModifiers: u8 {
const SHIFT = 0b0000_0001;
const CONTROL = 0b0000_0010;
const ALT = 0b0000_0100;
const SUPER = 0b0000_1000;
const HYPER = 0b0001_0000;
const META = 0b0010_0000;
const NONE = 0b0000_0000;
}
}
/// Represents a keyboard event kind.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
pub enum KeyEventKind {
Press,
Repeat,
Release,
}
bitflags! {
/// Represents extra state about the key event.
///
/// **Note:** This state can only be read if
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] has been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize), serde(transparent))]
pub struct KeyEventState: u8 {
/// The key event origins from the keypad.
const KEYPAD = 0b0000_0001;
/// Caps Lock was enabled for this key event.
///
/// **Note:** this is set for the initial press of Caps Lock itself.
const CAPS_LOCK = 0b0000_1000;
/// Num Lock was enabled for this key event.
///
/// **Note:** this is set for the initial press of Num Lock itself.
const NUM_LOCK = 0b0000_1000;
const NONE = 0b0000_0000;
}
}
/// Represents a key event.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct KeyEvent {
/// The key itself.
pub code: KeyCode,
/// Additional key modifiers.
pub modifiers: KeyModifiers,
/// Kind of event.
///
/// Only set if:
/// - Unix: [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::REPORT_EVENT_TYPES`] has been enabled with [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
/// - Windows: always
pub kind: KeyEventKind,
/// Keyboard state.
///
/// Only set if [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] has been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
pub state: KeyEventState,
}
impl KeyEvent {
pub const fn new(code: KeyCode, modifiers: KeyModifiers) -> KeyEvent {
KeyEvent {
code,
modifiers,
kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
state: KeyEventState::empty(),
}
}
pub const fn new_with_kind(
code: KeyCode,
modifiers: KeyModifiers,
kind: KeyEventKind,
) -> KeyEvent {
KeyEvent {
code,
modifiers,
kind,
state: KeyEventState::empty(),
}
}
pub const fn new_with_kind_and_state(
code: KeyCode,
modifiers: KeyModifiers,
kind: KeyEventKind,
state: KeyEventState,
) -> KeyEvent {
KeyEvent {
code,
modifiers,
kind,
state,
}
}
// modifies the KeyEvent,
// so that KeyModifiers::SHIFT is present iff
// an uppercase char is present.
fn normalize_case(mut self) -> KeyEvent {
let c = match self.code {
KeyCode::Char(c) => c,
_ => return self,
};
if c.is_ascii_uppercase() {
self.modifiers.insert(KeyModifiers::SHIFT);
} else if self.modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::SHIFT) {
self.code = KeyCode::Char(c.to_ascii_uppercase())
}
self
}
}
impl From<KeyCode> for KeyEvent {
fn from(code: KeyCode) -> Self {
KeyEvent {
code,
modifiers: KeyModifiers::empty(),
kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
state: KeyEventState::empty(),
}
}
}
impl PartialEq for KeyEvent {
fn eq(&self, other: &KeyEvent) -> bool {
let KeyEvent {
code: lhs_code,
modifiers: lhs_modifiers,
kind: lhs_kind,
state: lhs_state,
} = self.normalize_case();
let KeyEvent {
code: rhs_code,
modifiers: rhs_modifiers,
kind: rhs_kind,
state: rhs_state,
} = other.normalize_case();
(lhs_code == rhs_code)
&& (lhs_modifiers == rhs_modifiers)
&& (lhs_kind == rhs_kind)
&& (lhs_state == rhs_state)
}
}
impl Eq for KeyEvent {}
impl Hash for KeyEvent {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, hash_state: &mut H) {
let KeyEvent {
code,
modifiers,
kind,
state,
} = self.normalize_case();
code.hash(hash_state);
modifiers.hash(hash_state);
kind.hash(hash_state);
state.hash(hash_state);
}
}
/// Represents a media key (as part of [`KeyCode::Media`]).
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum MediaKeyCode {
/// Play media key.
Play,
/// Pause media key.
Pause,
/// Play/Pause media key.
PlayPause,
/// Reverse media key.
Reverse,
/// Stop media key.
Stop,
/// Fast-forward media key.
FastForward,
/// Rewind media key.
Rewind,
/// Next-track media key.
TrackNext,
/// Previous-track media key.
TrackPrevious,
/// Record media key.
Record,
/// Lower-volume media key.
LowerVolume,
/// Raise-volume media key.
RaiseVolume,
/// Mute media key.
MuteVolume,
}
/// Represents a modifier key (as part of [`KeyCode::Modifier`]).
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum ModifierKeyCode {
/// Left Shift key.
LeftShift,
/// Left Control key.
LeftControl,
/// Left Alt key.
LeftAlt,
/// Left Super key.
LeftSuper,
/// Left Hyper key.
LeftHyper,
/// Left Meta key.
LeftMeta,
/// Right Shift key.
RightShift,
/// Right Control key.
RightControl,
/// Right Alt key.
RightAlt,
/// Right Super key.
RightSuper,
/// Right Hyper key.
RightHyper,
/// Right Meta key.
RightMeta,
/// Iso Level3 Shift key.
IsoLevel3Shift,
/// Iso Level5 Shift key.
IsoLevel5Shift,
}
/// Represents a key.
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum KeyCode {
/// Backspace key.
Backspace,
/// Enter key.
Enter,
/// Left arrow key.
Left,
/// Right arrow key.
Right,
/// Up arrow key.
Up,
/// Down arrow key.
Down,
/// Home key.
Home,
/// End key.
End,
/// Page up key.
PageUp,
/// Page down key.
PageDown,
/// Tab key.
Tab,
/// Shift + Tab key.
BackTab,
/// Delete key.
Delete,
/// Insert key.
Insert,
/// F key.
///
/// `KeyCode::F(1)` represents F1 key, etc.
F(u8),
/// A character.
///
/// `KeyCode::Char('c')` represents `c` character, etc.
Char(char),
/// Null.
Null,
/// Escape key.
Esc,
/// Caps Lock key.
///
/// **Note:** this key can only be read if
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] has been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
CapsLock,
/// Scroll Lock key.
///
/// **Note:** this key can only be read if
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] has been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
ScrollLock,
/// Num Lock key.
///
/// **Note:** this key can only be read if
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] has been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
NumLock,
/// Print Screen key.
///
/// **Note:** this key can only be read if
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] has been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
PrintScreen,
/// Pause key.
///
/// **Note:** this key can only be read if
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] has been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
Pause,
/// Menu key.
///
/// **Note:** this key can only be read if
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] has been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
Menu,
/// The "Begin" key (often mapped to the 5 key when Num Lock is turned on).
///
/// **Note:** this key can only be read if
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] has been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
KeypadBegin,
/// A media key.
///
/// **Note:** these keys can only be read if
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] has been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
Media(MediaKeyCode),
/// A modifier key.
///
/// **Note:** these keys can only be read if **both**
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES`] and
/// [`KeyboardEnhancementFlags::REPORT_ALL_KEYS_AS_ESCAPE_CODES`] have been enabled with
/// [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`].
Modifier(ModifierKeyCode),
}
/// An internal event.
///
/// Encapsulates publicly available `Event` with additional internal
/// events that shouldn't be publicly available to the crate users.
#[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Hash, Clone, Eq)]
pub(crate) enum InternalEvent {
/// An event.
Event(Event),
/// A cursor position (`col`, `row`).
#[cfg(unix)]
CursorPosition(u16, u16),
/// The progressive keyboard enhancement flags enabled by the terminal.
#[cfg(unix)]
KeyboardEnhancementFlags(KeyboardEnhancementFlags),
/// Attributes and architectural class of the terminal.
#[cfg(unix)]
PrimaryDeviceAttributes,
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
use super::{KeyCode, KeyEvent, KeyModifiers};
#[test]
fn test_equality() {
let lowercase_d_with_shift = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('d'), KeyModifiers::SHIFT);
let uppercase_d_with_shift = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('D'), KeyModifiers::SHIFT);
let uppercase_d = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('D'), KeyModifiers::NONE);
assert_eq!(lowercase_d_with_shift, uppercase_d_with_shift);
assert_eq!(uppercase_d, uppercase_d_with_shift);
}
#[test]
fn test_hash() {
let lowercase_d_with_shift_hash = {
let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('d'), KeyModifiers::SHIFT).hash(&mut hasher);
hasher.finish()
};
let uppercase_d_with_shift_hash = {
let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('D'), KeyModifiers::SHIFT).hash(&mut hasher);
hasher.finish()
};
let uppercase_d_hash = {
let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('D'), KeyModifiers::NONE).hash(&mut hasher);
hasher.finish()
};
assert_eq!(lowercase_d_with_shift_hash, uppercase_d_with_shift_hash);
assert_eq!(uppercase_d_hash, uppercase_d_with_shift_hash);
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
use crate::event::InternalEvent;
/// Interface for filtering an `InternalEvent`.
pub(crate) trait Filter: Send + Sync + 'static {
/// Returns whether the given event fulfills the filter.
fn eval(&self, event: &InternalEvent) -> bool;
}
#[cfg(unix)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub(crate) struct CursorPositionFilter;
#[cfg(unix)]
impl Filter for CursorPositionFilter {
fn eval(&self, event: &InternalEvent) -> bool {
matches!(*event, InternalEvent::CursorPosition(_, _))
}
}
#[cfg(unix)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub(crate) struct KeyboardEnhancementFlagsFilter;
#[cfg(unix)]
impl Filter for KeyboardEnhancementFlagsFilter {
fn eval(&self, event: &InternalEvent) -> bool {
// This filter checks for either a KeyboardEnhancementFlags response or
// a PrimaryDeviceAttributes response. If we receive the PrimaryDeviceAttributes
// response but not KeyboardEnhancementFlags, the terminal does not support
// progressive keyboard enhancement.
matches!(
*event,
InternalEvent::KeyboardEnhancementFlags(_) | InternalEvent::PrimaryDeviceAttributes
)
}
}
#[cfg(unix)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub(crate) struct PrimaryDeviceAttributesFilter;
#[cfg(unix)]
impl Filter for PrimaryDeviceAttributesFilter {
fn eval(&self, event: &InternalEvent) -> bool {
matches!(*event, InternalEvent::PrimaryDeviceAttributes)
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub(crate) struct EventFilter;
impl Filter for EventFilter {
#[cfg(unix)]
fn eval(&self, event: &InternalEvent) -> bool {
matches!(*event, InternalEvent::Event(_))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn eval(&self, _: &InternalEvent) -> bool {
true
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub(crate) struct InternalEventFilter;
impl Filter for InternalEventFilter {
fn eval(&self, _: &InternalEvent) -> bool {
true
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
#[cfg(unix)]
mod tests {
use super::{
super::Event, CursorPositionFilter, EventFilter, Filter, InternalEvent,
InternalEventFilter, KeyboardEnhancementFlagsFilter, PrimaryDeviceAttributesFilter,
};
#[test]
fn test_cursor_position_filter_filters_cursor_position() {
assert!(!CursorPositionFilter.eval(&InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10))));
assert!(CursorPositionFilter.eval(&InternalEvent::CursorPosition(0, 0)));
}
#[test]
fn test_keyboard_enhancement_status_filter_filters_keyboard_enhancement_status() {
assert!(!KeyboardEnhancementFlagsFilter.eval(&InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10))));
assert!(
KeyboardEnhancementFlagsFilter.eval(&InternalEvent::KeyboardEnhancementFlags(
crate::event::KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES
))
);
assert!(KeyboardEnhancementFlagsFilter.eval(&InternalEvent::PrimaryDeviceAttributes));
}
#[test]
fn test_primary_device_attributes_filter_filters_primary_device_attributes() {
assert!(!PrimaryDeviceAttributesFilter.eval(&InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10))));
assert!(PrimaryDeviceAttributesFilter.eval(&InternalEvent::PrimaryDeviceAttributes));
}
#[test]
fn test_event_filter_filters_events() {
assert!(EventFilter.eval(&InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10))));
assert!(!EventFilter.eval(&InternalEvent::CursorPosition(0, 0)));
}
#[test]
fn test_event_filter_filters_internal_events() {
assert!(InternalEventFilter.eval(&InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10))));
assert!(InternalEventFilter.eval(&InternalEvent::CursorPosition(0, 0)));
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
use std::{collections::vec_deque::VecDeque, io, time::Duration};
#[cfg(unix)]
use crate::event::source::unix::UnixInternalEventSource;
#[cfg(windows)]
use crate::event::source::windows::WindowsEventSource;
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
use crate::event::sys::Waker;
use crate::event::{filter::Filter, source::EventSource, timeout::PollTimeout, InternalEvent};
/// Can be used to read `InternalEvent`s.
pub(crate) struct InternalEventReader {
events: VecDeque<InternalEvent>,
source: Option<Box<dyn EventSource>>,
skipped_events: Vec<InternalEvent>,
}
impl Default for InternalEventReader {
fn default() -> Self {
#[cfg(windows)]
let source = WindowsEventSource::new();
#[cfg(unix)]
let source = UnixInternalEventSource::new();
let source = source.ok().map(|x| Box::new(x) as Box<dyn EventSource>);
InternalEventReader {
source,
events: VecDeque::with_capacity(32),
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
}
}
}
impl InternalEventReader {
/// Returns a `Waker` allowing to wake/force the `poll` method to return `Ok(false)`.
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
pub(crate) fn waker(&self) -> Waker {
self.source.as_ref().expect("reader source not set").waker()
}
pub(crate) fn poll<F>(&mut self, timeout: Option<Duration>, filter: &F) -> io::Result<bool>
where
F: Filter,
{
for event in &self.events {
if filter.eval(event) {
return Ok(true);
}
}
let event_source = match self.source.as_mut() {
Some(source) => source,
None => {
return Err(std::io::Error::new(
std::io::ErrorKind::Other,
"Failed to initialize input reader",
))
}
};
let poll_timeout = PollTimeout::new(timeout);
loop {
let maybe_event = match event_source.try_read(poll_timeout.leftover()) {
Ok(None) => None,
Ok(Some(event)) => {
if filter.eval(&event) {
Some(event)
} else {
self.skipped_events.push(event);
None
}
}
Err(e) => {
if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Interrupted {
return Ok(false);
}
return Err(e);
}
};
if poll_timeout.elapsed() || maybe_event.is_some() {
self.events.extend(self.skipped_events.drain(..));
if let Some(event) = maybe_event {
self.events.push_front(event);
return Ok(true);
}
return Ok(false);
}
}
}
pub(crate) fn read<F>(&mut self, filter: &F) -> io::Result<InternalEvent>
where
F: Filter,
{
let mut skipped_events = VecDeque::new();
loop {
while let Some(event) = self.events.pop_front() {
if filter.eval(&event) {
while let Some(event) = skipped_events.pop_front() {
self.events.push_back(event);
}
return Ok(event);
} else {
// We can not directly write events back to `self.events`.
// If we did, we would put our self's into an endless loop
// that would enqueue -> dequeue -> enqueue etc.
// This happens because `poll` in this function will always return true if there are events in it's.
// And because we just put the non-fulfilling event there this is going to be the case.
// Instead we can store them into the temporary buffer,
// and then when the filter is fulfilled write all events back in order.
skipped_events.push_back(event);
}
}
let _ = self.poll(None, filter)?;
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use std::io;
use std::{collections::VecDeque, time::Duration};
#[cfg(unix)]
use super::super::filter::CursorPositionFilter;
use super::{
super::{filter::InternalEventFilter, Event},
EventSource, InternalEvent, InternalEventReader,
};
#[test]
fn test_poll_fails_without_event_source() {
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: VecDeque::new(),
source: None,
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert!(reader.poll(None, &InternalEventFilter).is_err());
assert!(reader
.poll(Some(Duration::from_secs(0)), &InternalEventFilter)
.is_err());
assert!(reader
.poll(Some(Duration::from_secs(10)), &InternalEventFilter)
.is_err());
}
#[test]
fn test_poll_returns_true_for_matching_event_in_queue_at_front() {
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: vec![InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10))].into(),
source: None,
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert!(reader.poll(None, &InternalEventFilter).unwrap());
}
#[test]
#[cfg(unix)]
fn test_poll_returns_true_for_matching_event_in_queue_at_back() {
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: vec![
InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10)),
InternalEvent::CursorPosition(10, 20),
]
.into(),
source: None,
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert!(reader.poll(None, &CursorPositionFilter).unwrap());
}
#[test]
fn test_read_returns_matching_event_in_queue_at_front() {
const EVENT: InternalEvent = InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10));
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: vec![EVENT].into(),
source: None,
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), EVENT);
}
#[test]
#[cfg(unix)]
fn test_read_returns_matching_event_in_queue_at_back() {
const CURSOR_EVENT: InternalEvent = InternalEvent::CursorPosition(10, 20);
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: vec![InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10)), CURSOR_EVENT].into(),
source: None,
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert_eq!(reader.read(&CursorPositionFilter).unwrap(), CURSOR_EVENT);
}
#[test]
#[cfg(unix)]
fn test_read_does_not_consume_skipped_event() {
const SKIPPED_EVENT: InternalEvent = InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10));
const CURSOR_EVENT: InternalEvent = InternalEvent::CursorPosition(10, 20);
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: vec![SKIPPED_EVENT, CURSOR_EVENT].into(),
source: None,
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert_eq!(reader.read(&CursorPositionFilter).unwrap(), CURSOR_EVENT);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), SKIPPED_EVENT);
}
#[test]
fn test_poll_timeouts_if_source_has_no_events() {
let source = FakeSource::default();
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: VecDeque::new(),
source: Some(Box::new(source)),
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert!(!reader
.poll(Some(Duration::from_secs(0)), &InternalEventFilter)
.unwrap());
}
#[test]
fn test_poll_returns_true_if_source_has_at_least_one_event() {
let source = FakeSource::with_events(&[InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10))]);
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: VecDeque::new(),
source: Some(Box::new(source)),
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert!(reader.poll(None, &InternalEventFilter).unwrap());
assert!(reader
.poll(Some(Duration::from_secs(0)), &InternalEventFilter)
.unwrap());
}
#[test]
fn test_reads_returns_event_if_source_has_at_least_one_event() {
const EVENT: InternalEvent = InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10));
let source = FakeSource::with_events(&[EVENT]);
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: VecDeque::new(),
source: Some(Box::new(source)),
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), EVENT);
}
#[test]
fn test_read_returns_events_if_source_has_events() {
const EVENT: InternalEvent = InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10));
let source = FakeSource::with_events(&[EVENT, EVENT, EVENT]);
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: VecDeque::new(),
source: Some(Box::new(source)),
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), EVENT);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), EVENT);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), EVENT);
}
#[test]
fn test_poll_returns_false_after_all_source_events_are_consumed() {
const EVENT: InternalEvent = InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10));
let source = FakeSource::with_events(&[EVENT, EVENT, EVENT]);
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: VecDeque::new(),
source: Some(Box::new(source)),
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), EVENT);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), EVENT);
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), EVENT);
assert!(!reader
.poll(Some(Duration::from_secs(0)), &InternalEventFilter)
.unwrap());
}
#[test]
fn test_poll_propagates_error() {
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: VecDeque::new(),
source: Some(Box::new(FakeSource::new(&[]))),
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert_eq!(
reader
.poll(Some(Duration::from_secs(0)), &InternalEventFilter)
.err()
.map(|e| format!("{:?}", &e.kind())),
Some(format!("{:?}", io::ErrorKind::Other))
);
}
#[test]
fn test_read_propagates_error() {
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: VecDeque::new(),
source: Some(Box::new(FakeSource::new(&[]))),
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert_eq!(
reader
.read(&InternalEventFilter)
.err()
.map(|e| format!("{:?}", &e.kind())),
Some(format!("{:?}", io::ErrorKind::Other))
);
}
#[test]
fn test_poll_continues_after_error() {
const EVENT: InternalEvent = InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10));
let source = FakeSource::new(&[EVENT, EVENT]);
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: VecDeque::new(),
source: Some(Box::new(source)),
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), EVENT);
assert!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).is_err());
assert!(reader
.poll(Some(Duration::from_secs(0)), &InternalEventFilter)
.unwrap());
}
#[test]
fn test_read_continues_after_error() {
const EVENT: InternalEvent = InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(10, 10));
let source = FakeSource::new(&[EVENT, EVENT]);
let mut reader = InternalEventReader {
events: VecDeque::new(),
source: Some(Box::new(source)),
skipped_events: Vec::with_capacity(32),
};
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), EVENT);
assert!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).is_err());
assert_eq!(reader.read(&InternalEventFilter).unwrap(), EVENT);
}
#[derive(Default)]
struct FakeSource {
events: VecDeque<InternalEvent>,
error: Option<io::Error>,
}
impl FakeSource {
fn new(events: &[InternalEvent]) -> FakeSource {
FakeSource {
events: events.to_vec().into(),
error: Some(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "")),
}
}
fn with_events(events: &[InternalEvent]) -> FakeSource {
FakeSource {
events: events.to_vec().into(),
error: None,
}
}
}
impl EventSource for FakeSource {
fn try_read(&mut self, _timeout: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<Option<InternalEvent>> {
// Return error if set in case there's just one remaining event
if self.events.len() == 1 {
if let Some(error) = self.error.take() {
return Err(error);
}
}
// Return all events from the queue
if let Some(event) = self.events.pop_front() {
return Ok(Some(event));
}
// Return error if there're no more events
if let Some(error) = self.error.take() {
return Err(error);
}
// Timeout
Ok(None)
}
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
fn waker(&self) -> super::super::sys::Waker {
unimplemented!();
}
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
use std::{io, time::Duration};
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
use super::sys::Waker;
use super::InternalEvent;
#[cfg(unix)]
pub(crate) mod unix;
#[cfg(windows)]
pub(crate) mod windows;
/// An interface for trying to read an `InternalEvent` within an optional `Duration`.
pub(crate) trait EventSource: Sync + Send {
/// Tries to read an `InternalEvent` within the given duration.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `timeout` - `None` block indefinitely until an event is available, `Some(duration)` blocks
/// for the given timeout
///
/// Returns `Ok(None)` if there's no event available and timeout expires.
fn try_read(&mut self, timeout: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<Option<InternalEvent>>;
/// Returns a `Waker` allowing to wake/force the `try_read` method to return `Ok(None)`.
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
fn waker(&self) -> Waker;
}

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#[cfg(feature = "use-dev-tty")]
pub(crate) mod tty;
#[cfg(not(feature = "use-dev-tty"))]
pub(crate) mod mio;
#[cfg(feature = "use-dev-tty")]
pub(crate) use self::tty::UnixInternalEventSource;
#[cfg(not(feature = "use-dev-tty"))]
pub(crate) use self::mio::UnixInternalEventSource;

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use std::{collections::VecDeque, io, time::Duration};
use mio::{unix::SourceFd, Events, Interest, Poll, Token};
use signal_hook_mio::v0_8::Signals;
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
use crate::event::sys::Waker;
use crate::event::{
source::EventSource, sys::unix::parse::parse_event, timeout::PollTimeout, Event, InternalEvent,
};
use crate::terminal::sys::file_descriptor::{tty_fd, FileDesc};
// Tokens to identify file descriptor
const TTY_TOKEN: Token = Token(0);
const SIGNAL_TOKEN: Token = Token(1);
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
const WAKE_TOKEN: Token = Token(2);
// I (@zrzka) wasn't able to read more than 1_022 bytes when testing
// reading on macOS/Linux -> we don't need bigger buffer and 1k of bytes
// is enough.
const TTY_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 1_024;
pub(crate) struct UnixInternalEventSource {
poll: Poll,
events: Events,
parser: Parser,
tty_buffer: [u8; TTY_BUFFER_SIZE],
tty_fd: FileDesc,
signals: Signals,
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
waker: Waker,
}
impl UnixInternalEventSource {
pub fn new() -> io::Result<Self> {
UnixInternalEventSource::from_file_descriptor(tty_fd()?)
}
pub(crate) fn from_file_descriptor(input_fd: FileDesc) -> io::Result<Self> {
let poll = Poll::new()?;
let registry = poll.registry();
let tty_raw_fd = input_fd.raw_fd();
let mut tty_ev = SourceFd(&tty_raw_fd);
registry.register(&mut tty_ev, TTY_TOKEN, Interest::READABLE)?;
let mut signals = Signals::new([signal_hook::consts::SIGWINCH])?;
registry.register(&mut signals, SIGNAL_TOKEN, Interest::READABLE)?;
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
let waker = Waker::new(registry, WAKE_TOKEN)?;
Ok(UnixInternalEventSource {
poll,
events: Events::with_capacity(3),
parser: Parser::default(),
tty_buffer: [0u8; TTY_BUFFER_SIZE],
tty_fd: input_fd,
signals,
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
waker,
})
}
}
impl EventSource for UnixInternalEventSource {
fn try_read(&mut self, timeout: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<Option<InternalEvent>> {
if let Some(event) = self.parser.next() {
return Ok(Some(event));
}
let timeout = PollTimeout::new(timeout);
loop {
if let Err(e) = self.poll.poll(&mut self.events, timeout.leftover()) {
// Mio will throw an interrupted error in case of cursor position retrieval. We need to retry until it succeeds.
// Previous versions of Mio (< 0.7) would automatically retry the poll call if it was interrupted (if EINTR was returned).
// https://docs.rs/mio/0.7.0/mio/struct.Poll.html#notes
if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Interrupted {
continue;
} else {
return Err(e);
}
};
if self.events.is_empty() {
// No readiness events = timeout
return Ok(None);
}
for token in self.events.iter().map(|x| x.token()) {
match token {
TTY_TOKEN => {
loop {
match self.tty_fd.read(&mut self.tty_buffer, TTY_BUFFER_SIZE) {
Ok(read_count) => {
if read_count > 0 {
self.parser.advance(
&self.tty_buffer[..read_count],
read_count == TTY_BUFFER_SIZE,
);
}
}
Err(e) => {
// No more data to read at the moment. We will receive another event
if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock {
break;
}
// once more data is available to read.
else if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Interrupted {
continue;
}
}
};
if let Some(event) = self.parser.next() {
return Ok(Some(event));
}
}
}
SIGNAL_TOKEN => {
for signal in self.signals.pending() {
match signal {
signal_hook::consts::SIGWINCH => {
// TODO Should we remove tput?
//
// This can take a really long time, because terminal::size can
// launch new process (tput) and then it parses its output. It's
// not a really long time from the absolute time point of view, but
// it's a really long time from the mio, async-std/tokio executor, ...
// point of view.
let new_size = crate::terminal::size()?;
return Ok(Some(InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(
new_size.0, new_size.1,
))));
}
_ => unreachable!("Synchronize signal registration & handling"),
};
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
WAKE_TOKEN => {
return Err(std::io::Error::new(
std::io::ErrorKind::Interrupted,
"Poll operation was woken up by `Waker::wake`",
));
}
_ => unreachable!("Synchronize Evented handle registration & token handling"),
}
}
// Processing above can take some time, check if timeout expired
if timeout.elapsed() {
return Ok(None);
}
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
fn waker(&self) -> Waker {
self.waker.clone()
}
}
//
// Following `Parser` structure exists for two reasons:
//
// * mimic anes Parser interface
// * move the advancing, parsing, ... stuff out of the `try_read` method
//
#[derive(Debug)]
struct Parser {
buffer: Vec<u8>,
internal_events: VecDeque<InternalEvent>,
}
impl Default for Parser {
fn default() -> Self {
Parser {
// This buffer is used for -> 1 <- ANSI escape sequence. Are we
// aware of any ANSI escape sequence that is bigger? Can we make
// it smaller?
//
// Probably not worth spending more time on this as "there's a plan"
// to use the anes crate parser.
buffer: Vec::with_capacity(256),
// TTY_BUFFER_SIZE is 1_024 bytes. How many ANSI escape sequences can
// fit? What is an average sequence length? Let's guess here
// and say that the average ANSI escape sequence length is 8 bytes. Thus
// the buffer size should be 1024/8=128 to avoid additional allocations
// when processing large amounts of data.
//
// There's no need to make it bigger, because when you look at the `try_read`
// method implementation, all events are consumed before the next TTY_BUFFER
// is processed -> events pushed.
internal_events: VecDeque::with_capacity(128),
}
}
}
impl Parser {
fn advance(&mut self, buffer: &[u8], more: bool) {
for (idx, byte) in buffer.iter().enumerate() {
let more = idx + 1 < buffer.len() || more;
self.buffer.push(*byte);
match parse_event(&self.buffer, more) {
Ok(Some(ie)) => {
self.internal_events.push_back(ie);
self.buffer.clear();
}
Ok(None) => {
// Event can't be parsed, because we don't have enough bytes for
// the current sequence. Keep the buffer and process next bytes.
}
Err(_) => {
// Event can't be parsed (not enough parameters, parameter is not a number, ...).
// Clear the buffer and continue with another sequence.
self.buffer.clear();
}
}
}
}
}
impl Iterator for Parser {
type Item = InternalEvent;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
self.internal_events.pop_front()
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
use std::os::unix::prelude::AsRawFd;
use std::{collections::VecDeque, io, os::unix::net::UnixStream, time::Duration};
use signal_hook::low_level::pipe;
use crate::event::timeout::PollTimeout;
use crate::event::Event;
use filedescriptor::{poll, pollfd, POLLIN};
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
use crate::event::sys::Waker;
use crate::event::{source::EventSource, sys::unix::parse::parse_event, InternalEvent};
use crate::terminal::sys::file_descriptor::{tty_fd, FileDesc};
/// Holds a prototypical Waker and a receiver we can wait on when doing select().
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
struct WakePipe {
receiver: UnixStream,
waker: Waker,
}
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
impl WakePipe {
fn new() -> io::Result<Self> {
let (receiver, sender) = nonblocking_unix_pair()?;
Ok(WakePipe {
receiver,
waker: Waker::new(sender),
})
}
}
// I (@zrzka) wasn't able to read more than 1_022 bytes when testing
// reading on macOS/Linux -> we don't need bigger buffer and 1k of bytes
// is enough.
const TTY_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 1_024;
pub(crate) struct UnixInternalEventSource {
parser: Parser,
tty_buffer: [u8; TTY_BUFFER_SIZE],
tty: FileDesc,
winch_signal_receiver: UnixStream,
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
wake_pipe: WakePipe,
}
fn nonblocking_unix_pair() -> io::Result<(UnixStream, UnixStream)> {
let (receiver, sender) = UnixStream::pair()?;
receiver.set_nonblocking(true)?;
sender.set_nonblocking(true)?;
Ok((receiver, sender))
}
impl UnixInternalEventSource {
pub fn new() -> io::Result<Self> {
UnixInternalEventSource::from_file_descriptor(tty_fd()?)
}
pub(crate) fn from_file_descriptor(input_fd: FileDesc) -> io::Result<Self> {
Ok(UnixInternalEventSource {
parser: Parser::default(),
tty_buffer: [0u8; TTY_BUFFER_SIZE],
tty: input_fd,
winch_signal_receiver: {
let (receiver, sender) = nonblocking_unix_pair()?;
// Unregistering is unnecessary because EventSource is a singleton
pipe::register(libc::SIGWINCH, sender)?;
receiver
},
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
wake_pipe: WakePipe::new()?,
})
}
}
/// read_complete reads from a non-blocking file descriptor
/// until the buffer is full or it would block.
///
/// Similar to `std::io::Read::read_to_end`, except this function
/// only fills the given buffer and does not read beyond that.
fn read_complete(fd: &FileDesc, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
loop {
match fd.read(buf, buf.len()) {
Ok(x) => return Ok(x),
Err(e) => match e.kind() {
io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => return Ok(0),
io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
_ => return Err(e),
},
}
}
}
impl EventSource for UnixInternalEventSource {
fn try_read(&mut self, timeout: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<Option<InternalEvent>> {
let timeout = PollTimeout::new(timeout);
fn make_pollfd<F: AsRawFd>(fd: &F) -> pollfd {
pollfd {
fd: fd.as_raw_fd(),
events: POLLIN,
revents: 0,
}
}
#[cfg(not(feature = "event-stream"))]
let mut fds = [
make_pollfd(&self.tty),
make_pollfd(&self.winch_signal_receiver),
];
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
let mut fds = [
make_pollfd(&self.tty),
make_pollfd(&self.winch_signal_receiver),
make_pollfd(&self.wake_pipe.receiver),
];
while timeout.leftover().map_or(true, |t| !t.is_zero()) {
// check if there are buffered events from the last read
if let Some(event) = self.parser.next() {
return Ok(Some(event));
}
match poll(&mut fds, timeout.leftover()) {
Err(filedescriptor::Error::Poll(e)) | Err(filedescriptor::Error::Io(e)) => {
match e.kind() {
// retry on EINTR
io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
_ => return Err(e),
}
}
Err(e) => {
return Err(std::io::Error::new(
std::io::ErrorKind::Other,
format!("got unexpected error while polling: {:?}", e),
))
}
Ok(_) => (),
};
if fds[0].revents & POLLIN != 0 {
loop {
let read_count = read_complete(&self.tty, &mut self.tty_buffer)?;
if read_count > 0 {
self.parser.advance(
&self.tty_buffer[..read_count],
read_count == TTY_BUFFER_SIZE,
);
}
if let Some(event) = self.parser.next() {
return Ok(Some(event));
}
if read_count == 0 {
break;
}
}
}
if fds[1].revents & POLLIN != 0 {
let fd = FileDesc::new(self.winch_signal_receiver.as_raw_fd(), false);
// drain the pipe
while read_complete(&fd, &mut [0; 1024])? != 0 {}
// TODO Should we remove tput?
//
// This can take a really long time, because terminal::size can
// launch new process (tput) and then it parses its output. It's
// not a really long time from the absolute time point of view, but
// it's a really long time from the mio, async-std/tokio executor, ...
// point of view.
let new_size = crate::terminal::size()?;
return Ok(Some(InternalEvent::Event(Event::Resize(
new_size.0, new_size.1,
))));
}
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
if fds[2].revents & POLLIN != 0 {
let fd = FileDesc::new(self.wake_pipe.receiver.as_raw_fd(), false);
// drain the pipe
while read_complete(&fd, &mut [0; 1024])? != 0 {}
return Err(std::io::Error::new(
std::io::ErrorKind::Interrupted,
"Poll operation was woken up by `Waker::wake`",
));
}
}
Ok(None)
}
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
fn waker(&self) -> Waker {
self.wake_pipe.waker.clone()
}
}
//
// Following `Parser` structure exists for two reasons:
//
// * mimic anes Parser interface
// * move the advancing, parsing, ... stuff out of the `try_read` method
//
#[derive(Debug)]
struct Parser {
buffer: Vec<u8>,
internal_events: VecDeque<InternalEvent>,
}
impl Default for Parser {
fn default() -> Self {
Parser {
// This buffer is used for -> 1 <- ANSI escape sequence. Are we
// aware of any ANSI escape sequence that is bigger? Can we make
// it smaller?
//
// Probably not worth spending more time on this as "there's a plan"
// to use the anes crate parser.
buffer: Vec::with_capacity(256),
// TTY_BUFFER_SIZE is 1_024 bytes. How many ANSI escape sequences can
// fit? What is an average sequence length? Let's guess here
// and say that the average ANSI escape sequence length is 8 bytes. Thus
// the buffer size should be 1024/8=128 to avoid additional allocations
// when processing large amounts of data.
//
// There's no need to make it bigger, because when you look at the `try_read`
// method implementation, all events are consumed before the next TTY_BUFFER
// is processed -> events pushed.
internal_events: VecDeque::with_capacity(128),
}
}
}
impl Parser {
fn advance(&mut self, buffer: &[u8], more: bool) {
for (idx, byte) in buffer.iter().enumerate() {
let more = idx + 1 < buffer.len() || more;
self.buffer.push(*byte);
match parse_event(&self.buffer, more) {
Ok(Some(ie)) => {
self.internal_events.push_back(ie);
self.buffer.clear();
}
Ok(None) => {
// Event can't be parsed, because we don't have enough bytes for
// the current sequence. Keep the buffer and process next bytes.
}
Err(_) => {
// Event can't be parsed (not enough parameters, parameter is not a number, ...).
// Clear the buffer and continue with another sequence.
self.buffer.clear();
}
}
}
}
}
impl Iterator for Parser {
type Item = InternalEvent;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
self.internal_events.pop_front()
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
use std::time::Duration;
use crossterm_winapi::{Console, Handle, InputRecord};
use crate::event::{
sys::windows::{parse::MouseButtonsPressed, poll::WinApiPoll},
Event,
};
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
use crate::event::sys::Waker;
use crate::event::{
source::EventSource,
sys::windows::parse::{handle_key_event, handle_mouse_event},
timeout::PollTimeout,
InternalEvent,
};
pub(crate) struct WindowsEventSource {
console: Console,
poll: WinApiPoll,
surrogate_buffer: Option<u16>,
mouse_buttons_pressed: MouseButtonsPressed,
}
impl WindowsEventSource {
pub(crate) fn new() -> std::io::Result<WindowsEventSource> {
let console = Console::from(Handle::current_in_handle()?);
Ok(WindowsEventSource {
console,
#[cfg(not(feature = "event-stream"))]
poll: WinApiPoll::new(),
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
poll: WinApiPoll::new()?,
surrogate_buffer: None,
mouse_buttons_pressed: MouseButtonsPressed::default(),
})
}
}
impl EventSource for WindowsEventSource {
fn try_read(&mut self, timeout: Option<Duration>) -> std::io::Result<Option<InternalEvent>> {
let poll_timeout = PollTimeout::new(timeout);
loop {
if let Some(event_ready) = self.poll.poll(poll_timeout.leftover())? {
let number = self.console.number_of_console_input_events()?;
if event_ready && number != 0 {
let event = match self.console.read_single_input_event()? {
InputRecord::KeyEvent(record) => {
handle_key_event(record, &mut self.surrogate_buffer)
}
InputRecord::MouseEvent(record) => {
let mouse_event =
handle_mouse_event(record, &self.mouse_buttons_pressed);
self.mouse_buttons_pressed = MouseButtonsPressed {
left: record.button_state.left_button(),
right: record.button_state.right_button(),
middle: record.button_state.middle_button(),
};
mouse_event
}
InputRecord::WindowBufferSizeEvent(record) => {
// windows starts counting at 0, unix at 1, add one to replicate unix behaviour.
Some(Event::Resize(
record.size.x as u16 + 1,
record.size.y as u16 + 1,
))
}
InputRecord::FocusEvent(record) => {
let event = if record.set_focus {
Event::FocusGained
} else {
Event::FocusLost
};
Some(event)
}
_ => None,
};
if let Some(event) = event {
return Ok(Some(InternalEvent::Event(event)));
}
}
}
if poll_timeout.elapsed() {
return Ok(None);
}
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
fn waker(&self) -> Waker {
self.poll.waker()
}
}

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use std::{
io,
pin::Pin,
sync::{
atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
mpsc::{self, SyncSender},
Arc,
},
task::{Context, Poll},
thread,
time::Duration,
};
use futures_core::stream::Stream;
use crate::event::{
filter::EventFilter, lock_internal_event_reader, poll_internal, read_internal, sys::Waker,
Event, InternalEvent,
};
/// A stream of `Result<Event>`.
///
/// **This type is not available by default. You have to use the `event-stream` feature flag
/// to make it available.**
///
/// It implements the [Stream](futures_core::stream::Stream)
/// trait and allows you to receive [`Event`]s with [`async-std`](https://crates.io/crates/async-std)
/// or [`tokio`](https://crates.io/crates/tokio) crates.
///
/// Check the [examples](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/tree/master/examples) folder to see how to use
/// it (`event-stream-*`).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct EventStream {
poll_internal_waker: Waker,
stream_wake_task_executed: Arc<AtomicBool>,
stream_wake_task_should_shutdown: Arc<AtomicBool>,
task_sender: SyncSender<Task>,
}
impl Default for EventStream {
fn default() -> Self {
let (task_sender, receiver) = mpsc::sync_channel::<Task>(1);
thread::spawn(move || {
while let Ok(task) = receiver.recv() {
loop {
if let Ok(true) = poll_internal(None, &EventFilter) {
break;
}
if task.stream_wake_task_should_shutdown.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
break;
}
}
task.stream_wake_task_executed
.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
task.stream_waker.wake();
}
});
EventStream {
poll_internal_waker: lock_internal_event_reader().waker(),
stream_wake_task_executed: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
stream_wake_task_should_shutdown: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
task_sender,
}
}
}
impl EventStream {
/// Constructs a new instance of `EventStream`.
pub fn new() -> EventStream {
EventStream::default()
}
}
struct Task {
stream_waker: std::task::Waker,
stream_wake_task_executed: Arc<AtomicBool>,
stream_wake_task_should_shutdown: Arc<AtomicBool>,
}
// Note to future me
//
// We need two wakers in order to implement EventStream correctly.
//
// 1. futures::Stream waker
//
// Stream::poll_next can return Poll::Pending which means that there's no
// event available. We are going to spawn a thread with the
// poll_internal(None, &EventFilter) call. This call blocks until an
// event is available and then we have to wake up the executor with notification
// that the task can be resumed.
//
// 2. poll_internal waker
//
// There's no event available, Poll::Pending was returned, stream waker thread
// is up and sitting in the poll_internal. User wants to drop the EventStream.
// We have to wake up the poll_internal (force it to return Ok(false)) and quit
// the thread before we drop.
impl Stream for EventStream {
type Item = io::Result<Event>;
fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
let result = match poll_internal(Some(Duration::from_secs(0)), &EventFilter) {
Ok(true) => match read_internal(&EventFilter) {
Ok(InternalEvent::Event(event)) => Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(event))),
Err(e) => Poll::Ready(Some(Err(e))),
#[cfg(unix)]
_ => unreachable!(),
},
Ok(false) => {
if !self
.stream_wake_task_executed
.compare_exchange(false, true, Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst)
// https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/80486#issuecomment-752244166
.unwrap_or_else(|x| x)
{
let stream_waker = cx.waker().clone();
let stream_wake_task_executed = self.stream_wake_task_executed.clone();
let stream_wake_task_should_shutdown =
self.stream_wake_task_should_shutdown.clone();
stream_wake_task_should_shutdown.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
let _ = self.task_sender.send(Task {
stream_waker,
stream_wake_task_executed,
stream_wake_task_should_shutdown,
});
}
Poll::Pending
}
Err(e) => Poll::Ready(Some(Err(e))),
};
result
}
}
impl Drop for EventStream {
fn drop(&mut self) {
self.stream_wake_task_should_shutdown
.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
let _ = self.poll_internal_waker.wake();
}
}

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#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "event-stream"))]
pub(crate) use unix::waker::Waker;
#[cfg(all(windows, feature = "event-stream"))]
pub(crate) use windows::waker::Waker;
#[cfg(unix)]
pub(crate) mod unix;
#[cfg(windows)]
pub(crate) mod windows;

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#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
pub(crate) mod waker;
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
pub(crate) mod parse;

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

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#[cfg(feature = "use-dev-tty")]
pub(crate) mod tty;
#[cfg(not(feature = "use-dev-tty"))]
pub(crate) mod mio;
#[cfg(feature = "use-dev-tty")]
pub(crate) use self::tty::Waker;
#[cfg(not(feature = "use-dev-tty"))]
pub(crate) use self::mio::Waker;

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use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use ::mio::{Registry, Token};
/// Allows to wake up the `mio::Poll::poll()` method.
/// This type wraps `mio::Waker`, for more information see its documentation.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub(crate) struct Waker {
inner: Arc<Mutex<::mio::Waker>>,
}
impl Waker {
/// Create a new `Waker`.
pub(crate) fn new(registry: &Registry, waker_token: Token) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
Ok(Self {
inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(mio::Waker::new(registry, waker_token)?)),
})
}
/// Wake up the [`Poll`] associated with this `Waker`.
///
/// Readiness is set to `Ready::readable()`.
pub(crate) fn wake(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().wake()
}
/// Resets the state so the same waker can be reused.
///
/// This function is not impl
#[allow(dead_code, clippy::clippy::unnecessary_wraps)]
pub(crate) fn reset(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
}

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use std::{
io::{self, Write},
os::unix::net::UnixStream,
sync::{Arc, Mutex},
};
/// Allows to wake up the EventSource::try_read() method.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub(crate) struct Waker {
inner: Arc<Mutex<UnixStream>>,
}
impl Waker {
/// Create a new `Waker`.
pub(crate) fn new(writer: UnixStream) -> Self {
Self {
inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(writer)),
}
}
/// Wake up the [`Poll`] associated with this `Waker`.
///
/// Readiness is set to `Ready::readable()`.
pub(crate) fn wake(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().write(&[0])?;
Ok(())
}
}

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//! This is a WINDOWS specific implementation for input related action.
use std::convert::TryFrom;
use std::io;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
use crossterm_winapi::{ConsoleMode, Handle};
pub(crate) mod parse;
pub(crate) mod poll;
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
pub(crate) mod waker;
const ENABLE_MOUSE_MODE: u32 = 0x0010 | 0x0080 | 0x0008;
/// This is a either `u64::MAX` if it's uninitialized or a valid `u32` that stores the original
/// console mode if it's initialized.
static ORIGINAL_CONSOLE_MODE: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(u64::MAX);
/// Initializes the default console color. It will will be skipped if it has already been initialized.
fn init_original_console_mode(original_mode: u32) {
let _ = ORIGINAL_CONSOLE_MODE.compare_exchange(
u64::MAX,
u64::from(original_mode),
Ordering::Relaxed,
Ordering::Relaxed,
);
}
/// Returns the original console color, make sure to call `init_console_color` before calling this function. Otherwise this function will panic.
fn original_console_mode() -> std::io::Result<u32> {
u32::try_from(ORIGINAL_CONSOLE_MODE.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
.map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "Initial console modes not set"))
}
pub(crate) fn enable_mouse_capture() -> std::io::Result<()> {
let mode = ConsoleMode::from(Handle::current_in_handle()?);
init_original_console_mode(mode.mode()?);
mode.set_mode(ENABLE_MOUSE_MODE)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn disable_mouse_capture() -> std::io::Result<()> {
let mode = ConsoleMode::from(Handle::current_in_handle()?);
mode.set_mode(original_console_mode()?)?;
Ok(())
}

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use crossterm_winapi::{ControlKeyState, EventFlags, KeyEventRecord, ScreenBuffer};
use winapi::um::{
wincon::{
CAPSLOCK_ON, LEFT_ALT_PRESSED, LEFT_CTRL_PRESSED, RIGHT_ALT_PRESSED, RIGHT_CTRL_PRESSED,
SHIFT_PRESSED,
},
winuser::{
GetForegroundWindow, GetKeyboardLayout, GetWindowThreadProcessId, ToUnicodeEx, VK_BACK,
VK_CONTROL, VK_DELETE, VK_DOWN, VK_END, VK_ESCAPE, VK_F1, VK_F24, VK_HOME, VK_INSERT,
VK_LEFT, VK_MENU, VK_NEXT, VK_NUMPAD0, VK_NUMPAD9, VK_PRIOR, VK_RETURN, VK_RIGHT, VK_SHIFT,
VK_TAB, VK_UP,
},
};
use crate::event::{
Event, KeyCode, KeyEvent, KeyEventKind, KeyModifiers, MouseButton, MouseEvent, MouseEventKind,
};
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct MouseButtonsPressed {
pub(crate) left: bool,
pub(crate) right: bool,
pub(crate) middle: bool,
}
pub(crate) fn handle_mouse_event(
mouse_event: crossterm_winapi::MouseEvent,
buttons_pressed: &MouseButtonsPressed,
) -> Option<Event> {
if let Ok(Some(event)) = parse_mouse_event_record(&mouse_event, buttons_pressed) {
return Some(Event::Mouse(event));
}
None
}
enum WindowsKeyEvent {
KeyEvent(KeyEvent),
Surrogate(u16),
}
pub(crate) fn handle_key_event(
key_event: KeyEventRecord,
surrogate_buffer: &mut Option<u16>,
) -> Option<Event> {
let windows_key_event = parse_key_event_record(&key_event)?;
match windows_key_event {
WindowsKeyEvent::KeyEvent(key_event) => {
// Discard any buffered surrogate value if another valid key event comes before the
// next surrogate value.
*surrogate_buffer = None;
Some(Event::Key(key_event))
}
WindowsKeyEvent::Surrogate(new_surrogate) => {
let ch = handle_surrogate(surrogate_buffer, new_surrogate)?;
let modifiers = KeyModifiers::from(&key_event.control_key_state);
let key_event = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char(ch), modifiers);
Some(Event::Key(key_event))
}
}
}
fn handle_surrogate(surrogate_buffer: &mut Option<u16>, new_surrogate: u16) -> Option<char> {
match *surrogate_buffer {
Some(buffered_surrogate) => {
*surrogate_buffer = None;
std::char::decode_utf16([buffered_surrogate, new_surrogate])
.next()
.unwrap()
.ok()
}
None => {
*surrogate_buffer = Some(new_surrogate);
None
}
}
}
impl From<&ControlKeyState> for KeyModifiers {
fn from(state: &ControlKeyState) -> Self {
let shift = state.has_state(SHIFT_PRESSED);
let alt = state.has_state(LEFT_ALT_PRESSED | RIGHT_ALT_PRESSED);
let control = state.has_state(LEFT_CTRL_PRESSED | RIGHT_CTRL_PRESSED);
let mut modifier = KeyModifiers::empty();
if shift {
modifier |= KeyModifiers::SHIFT;
}
if control {
modifier |= KeyModifiers::CONTROL;
}
if alt {
modifier |= KeyModifiers::ALT;
}
modifier
}
}
enum CharCase {
LowerCase,
UpperCase,
}
fn try_ensure_char_case(ch: char, desired_case: CharCase) -> char {
match desired_case {
CharCase::LowerCase if ch.is_uppercase() => {
let mut iter = ch.to_lowercase();
// Unwrap is safe; iterator yields one or more chars.
let ch_lower = iter.next().unwrap();
if iter.next().is_none() {
ch_lower
} else {
ch
}
}
CharCase::UpperCase if ch.is_lowercase() => {
let mut iter = ch.to_uppercase();
// Unwrap is safe; iterator yields one or more chars.
let ch_upper = iter.next().unwrap();
if iter.next().is_none() {
ch_upper
} else {
ch
}
}
_ => ch,
}
}
// Attempts to return the character for a key event accounting for the user's keyboard layout.
// The returned character (if any) is capitalized (if applicable) based on shift and capslock state.
// Returns None if the key doesn't map to a character or if it is a dead key.
// We use the *currently* active keyboard layout (if it can be determined). This layout may not
// correspond to the keyboard layout that was active when the user typed their input, since console
// applications get their input asynchronously from the terminal. By the time a console application
// can process a key input, the user may have changed the active layout. In this case, the character
// returned might not correspond to what the user expects, but there is no way for a console
// application to know what the keyboard layout actually was for a key event, so this is our best
// effort. If a console application processes input in a timely fashion, then it is unlikely that a
// user has time to change their keyboard layout before a key event is processed.
fn get_char_for_key(key_event: &KeyEventRecord) -> Option<char> {
let virtual_key_code = key_event.virtual_key_code as u32;
let virtual_scan_code = key_event.virtual_scan_code as u32;
let key_state = [0u8; 256];
let mut utf16_buf = [0u16, 16];
let dont_change_kernel_keyboard_state = 0x4;
// Best-effort attempt at determining the currently active keyboard layout.
// At the time of writing, this works for a console application running in Windows Terminal, but
// doesn't work under a Conhost terminal. For Conhost, the window handle returned by
// GetForegroundWindow() does not appear to actually be the foreground window which has the
// keyboard layout associated with it (or perhaps it is, but also has special protection that
// doesn't allow us to query it).
// When this determination fails, the returned keyboard layout handle will be null, which is an
// acceptable input for ToUnicodeEx, as that argument is optional. In this case ToUnicodeEx
// appears to use the keyboard layout associated with the current thread, which will be the
// layout that was inherited when the console application started (or possibly when the current
// thread was spawned). This is then unfortunately not updated when the user changes their
// keyboard layout in the terminal, but it's what we get.
let active_keyboard_layout = unsafe {
let foreground_window = GetForegroundWindow();
let foreground_thread = GetWindowThreadProcessId(foreground_window, std::ptr::null_mut());
GetKeyboardLayout(foreground_thread)
};
let ret = unsafe {
ToUnicodeEx(
virtual_key_code,
virtual_scan_code,
key_state.as_ptr(),
utf16_buf.as_mut_ptr(),
utf16_buf.len() as i32,
dont_change_kernel_keyboard_state,
active_keyboard_layout,
)
};
// -1 indicates a dead key.
// 0 indicates no character for this key.
if ret < 1 {
return None;
}
let mut ch_iter = std::char::decode_utf16(utf16_buf.into_iter().take(ret as usize));
let mut ch = ch_iter.next()?.ok()?;
if ch_iter.next().is_some() {
// Key doesn't map to a single char.
return None;
}
let is_shift_pressed = key_event.control_key_state.has_state(SHIFT_PRESSED);
let is_capslock_on = key_event.control_key_state.has_state(CAPSLOCK_ON);
let desired_case = if is_shift_pressed ^ is_capslock_on {
CharCase::UpperCase
} else {
CharCase::LowerCase
};
ch = try_ensure_char_case(ch, desired_case);
Some(ch)
}
fn parse_key_event_record(key_event: &KeyEventRecord) -> Option<WindowsKeyEvent> {
let modifiers = KeyModifiers::from(&key_event.control_key_state);
let virtual_key_code = key_event.virtual_key_code as i32;
// We normally ignore all key release events, but we will make an exception for an Alt key
// release if it carries a u_char value, as this indicates an Alt code.
let is_alt_code = virtual_key_code == VK_MENU && !key_event.key_down && key_event.u_char != 0;
if is_alt_code {
let utf16 = key_event.u_char;
match utf16 {
surrogate @ 0xD800..=0xDFFF => {
return Some(WindowsKeyEvent::Surrogate(surrogate));
}
unicode_scalar_value => {
// Unwrap is safe: We tested for surrogate values above and those are the only
// u16 values that are invalid when directly interpreted as unicode scalar
// values.
let ch = std::char::from_u32(unicode_scalar_value as u32).unwrap();
let key_code = KeyCode::Char(ch);
let kind = if key_event.key_down {
KeyEventKind::Press
} else {
KeyEventKind::Release
};
let key_event = KeyEvent::new_with_kind(key_code, modifiers, kind);
return Some(WindowsKeyEvent::KeyEvent(key_event));
}
}
}
// Don't generate events for numpad key presses when they're producing Alt codes.
let is_numpad_numeric_key = (VK_NUMPAD0..=VK_NUMPAD9).contains(&virtual_key_code);
let is_only_alt_modifier = modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::ALT)
&& !modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::SHIFT | KeyModifiers::CONTROL);
if is_only_alt_modifier && is_numpad_numeric_key {
return None;
}
let parse_result = match virtual_key_code {
VK_SHIFT | VK_CONTROL | VK_MENU => None,
VK_BACK => Some(KeyCode::Backspace),
VK_ESCAPE => Some(KeyCode::Esc),
VK_RETURN => Some(KeyCode::Enter),
VK_F1..=VK_F24 => Some(KeyCode::F((key_event.virtual_key_code - 111) as u8)),
VK_LEFT => Some(KeyCode::Left),
VK_UP => Some(KeyCode::Up),
VK_RIGHT => Some(KeyCode::Right),
VK_DOWN => Some(KeyCode::Down),
VK_PRIOR => Some(KeyCode::PageUp),
VK_NEXT => Some(KeyCode::PageDown),
VK_HOME => Some(KeyCode::Home),
VK_END => Some(KeyCode::End),
VK_DELETE => Some(KeyCode::Delete),
VK_INSERT => Some(KeyCode::Insert),
VK_TAB if modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::SHIFT) => Some(KeyCode::BackTab),
VK_TAB => Some(KeyCode::Tab),
_ => {
let utf16 = key_event.u_char;
match utf16 {
0x00..=0x1f => {
// Some key combinations generate either no u_char value or generate control
// codes. To deliver back a KeyCode::Char(...) event we want to know which
// character the key normally maps to on the user's keyboard layout.
// The keys that intentionally generate control codes (ESC, ENTER, TAB, etc.)
// are handled by their virtual key codes above.
get_char_for_key(key_event).map(KeyCode::Char)
}
surrogate @ 0xD800..=0xDFFF => {
return Some(WindowsKeyEvent::Surrogate(surrogate));
}
unicode_scalar_value => {
// Unwrap is safe: We tested for surrogate values above and those are the only
// u16 values that are invalid when directly interpreted as unicode scalar
// values.
let ch = std::char::from_u32(unicode_scalar_value as u32).unwrap();
Some(KeyCode::Char(ch))
}
}
}
};
if let Some(key_code) = parse_result {
let kind = if key_event.key_down {
KeyEventKind::Press
} else {
KeyEventKind::Release
};
let key_event = KeyEvent::new_with_kind(key_code, modifiers, kind);
return Some(WindowsKeyEvent::KeyEvent(key_event));
}
None
}
// The 'y' position of a mouse event or resize event is not relative to the window but absolute to screen buffer.
// This means that when the mouse cursor is at the top left it will be x: 0, y: 2295 (e.g. y = number of cells conting from the absolute buffer height) instead of relative x: 0, y: 0 to the window.
pub fn parse_relative_y(y: i16) -> std::io::Result<i16> {
let window_size = ScreenBuffer::current()?.info()?.terminal_window();
Ok(y - window_size.top)
}
fn parse_mouse_event_record(
event: &crossterm_winapi::MouseEvent,
buttons_pressed: &MouseButtonsPressed,
) -> std::io::Result<Option<MouseEvent>> {
let modifiers = KeyModifiers::from(&event.control_key_state);
let xpos = event.mouse_position.x as u16;
let ypos = parse_relative_y(event.mouse_position.y)? as u16;
let button_state = event.button_state;
let kind = match event.event_flags {
EventFlags::PressOrRelease | EventFlags::DoubleClick => {
if button_state.left_button() && !buttons_pressed.left {
Some(MouseEventKind::Down(MouseButton::Left))
} else if !button_state.left_button() && buttons_pressed.left {
Some(MouseEventKind::Up(MouseButton::Left))
} else if button_state.right_button() && !buttons_pressed.right {
Some(MouseEventKind::Down(MouseButton::Right))
} else if !button_state.right_button() && buttons_pressed.right {
Some(MouseEventKind::Up(MouseButton::Right))
} else if button_state.middle_button() && !buttons_pressed.middle {
Some(MouseEventKind::Down(MouseButton::Middle))
} else if !button_state.middle_button() && buttons_pressed.middle {
Some(MouseEventKind::Up(MouseButton::Middle))
} else {
None
}
}
EventFlags::MouseMoved => {
let button = if button_state.right_button() {
MouseButton::Right
} else if button_state.middle_button() {
MouseButton::Middle
} else {
MouseButton::Left
};
if button_state.release_button() {
Some(MouseEventKind::Moved)
} else {
Some(MouseEventKind::Drag(button))
}
}
EventFlags::MouseWheeled => {
// Vertical scroll
// from https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/mouse-event-record-str
// if `button_state` is negative then the wheel was rotated backward, toward the user.
if button_state.scroll_down() {
Some(MouseEventKind::ScrollDown)
} else if button_state.scroll_up() {
Some(MouseEventKind::ScrollUp)
} else {
None
}
}
EventFlags::MouseHwheeled => {
if button_state.scroll_left() {
Some(MouseEventKind::ScrollLeft)
} else if button_state.scroll_right() {
Some(MouseEventKind::ScrollRight)
} else {
None
}
}
_ => None,
};
Ok(kind.map(|kind| MouseEvent {
kind,
column: xpos,
row: ypos,
modifiers,
}))
}

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use std::io;
use std::time::Duration;
use crossterm_winapi::Handle;
use winapi::{
shared::winerror::WAIT_TIMEOUT,
um::{
synchapi::WaitForMultipleObjects,
winbase::{INFINITE, WAIT_ABANDONED_0, WAIT_FAILED, WAIT_OBJECT_0},
},
};
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
pub(crate) use super::waker::Waker;
#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) struct WinApiPoll {
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
waker: Waker,
}
impl WinApiPoll {
#[cfg(not(feature = "event-stream"))]
pub(crate) fn new() -> WinApiPoll {
WinApiPoll {}
}
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
pub(crate) fn new() -> std::io::Result<WinApiPoll> {
Ok(WinApiPoll {
waker: Waker::new()?,
})
}
}
impl WinApiPoll {
pub fn poll(&mut self, timeout: Option<Duration>) -> std::io::Result<Option<bool>> {
let dw_millis = if let Some(duration) = timeout {
duration.as_millis() as u32
} else {
INFINITE
};
let console_handle = Handle::current_in_handle()?;
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
let semaphore = self.waker.semaphore();
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
let handles = &[*console_handle, **semaphore.handle()];
#[cfg(not(feature = "event-stream"))]
let handles = &[*console_handle];
let output =
unsafe { WaitForMultipleObjects(handles.len() as u32, handles.as_ptr(), 0, dw_millis) };
match output {
output if output == WAIT_OBJECT_0 => {
// input handle triggered
Ok(Some(true))
}
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
output if output == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1 => {
// semaphore handle triggered
let _ = self.waker.reset();
Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::Interrupted,
"Poll operation was woken up by `Waker::wake`",
))
}
WAIT_TIMEOUT | WAIT_ABANDONED_0 => {
// timeout elapsed
Ok(None)
}
WAIT_FAILED => Err(io::Error::last_os_error()),
_ => Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::Other,
"WaitForMultipleObjects returned unexpected result.",
)),
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "event-stream")]
pub fn waker(&self) -> Waker {
self.waker.clone()
}
}

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use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use crossterm_winapi::Semaphore;
/// Allows to wake up the `WinApiPoll::poll()` method.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub(crate) struct Waker {
inner: Arc<Mutex<Semaphore>>,
}
impl Waker {
/// Creates a new waker.
///
/// `Waker` is based on the `Semaphore`. You have to use the semaphore
/// handle along with the `WaitForMultipleObjects`.
pub(crate) fn new() -> std::io::Result<Self> {
let inner = Semaphore::new()?;
Ok(Self {
inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(inner)),
})
}
/// Wakes the `WaitForMultipleObjects`.
pub(crate) fn wake(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().release()?;
Ok(())
}
/// Replaces the current semaphore with a new one allowing us to reuse the same `Waker`.
pub(crate) fn reset(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
*self.inner.lock().unwrap() = Semaphore::new()?;
Ok(())
}
/// Returns the semaphore associated with the waker.
pub(crate) fn semaphore(&self) -> Semaphore {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().clone()
}
}

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use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
/// Keeps track of the elapsed time since the moment the polling started.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PollTimeout {
timeout: Option<Duration>,
start: Instant,
}
impl PollTimeout {
/// Constructs a new `PollTimeout` with the given optional `Duration`.
pub fn new(timeout: Option<Duration>) -> PollTimeout {
PollTimeout {
timeout,
start: Instant::now(),
}
}
/// Returns whether the timeout has elapsed.
///
/// It always returns `false` if the initial timeout was set to `None`.
pub fn elapsed(&self) -> bool {
self.timeout
.map(|timeout| self.start.elapsed() >= timeout)
.unwrap_or(false)
}
/// Returns the timeout leftover (initial timeout duration - elapsed duration).
pub fn leftover(&self) -> Option<Duration> {
self.timeout.map(|timeout| {
let elapsed = self.start.elapsed();
if elapsed >= timeout {
Duration::from_secs(0)
} else {
timeout - elapsed
}
})
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use super::PollTimeout;
#[test]
pub fn test_timeout_without_duration_does_not_have_leftover() {
let timeout = PollTimeout::new(None);
assert_eq!(timeout.leftover(), None)
}
#[test]
pub fn test_timeout_without_duration_never_elapses() {
let timeout = PollTimeout::new(None);
assert!(!timeout.elapsed());
}
#[test]
pub fn test_timeout_elapses() {
const TIMEOUT_MILLIS: u64 = 100;
let timeout = PollTimeout {
timeout: Some(Duration::from_millis(TIMEOUT_MILLIS)),
start: Instant::now() - Duration::from_millis(2 * TIMEOUT_MILLIS),
};
assert!(timeout.elapsed());
}
#[test]
pub fn test_elapsed_timeout_has_zero_leftover() {
const TIMEOUT_MILLIS: u64 = 100;
let timeout = PollTimeout {
timeout: Some(Duration::from_millis(TIMEOUT_MILLIS)),
start: Instant::now() - Duration::from_millis(2 * TIMEOUT_MILLIS),
};
assert!(timeout.elapsed());
assert_eq!(timeout.leftover(), Some(Duration::from_millis(0)));
}
#[test]
pub fn test_not_elapsed_timeout_has_positive_leftover() {
let timeout = PollTimeout::new(Some(Duration::from_secs(60)));
assert!(!timeout.elapsed());
assert!(timeout.leftover().unwrap() > Duration::from_secs(0));
}
}

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#![deny(unused_imports, unused_must_use)]
//! # Cross-platform Terminal Manipulation Library
//!
//! Crossterm is a pure-rust, terminal manipulation library that makes it possible to write cross-platform text-based interfaces.
//!
//! This crate supports all UNIX and Windows terminals down to Windows 7 (not all terminals are tested
//! see [Tested Terminals](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm#tested-terminals)
//! for more info).
//!
//! ## Command API
//!
//! The command API makes the use of `crossterm` much easier and offers more control over when and how a
//! command is executed. A command is just an action you can perform on the terminal e.g. cursor movement.
//!
//! The command API offers:
//!
//! * Better Performance.
//! * Complete control over when to flush.
//! * Complete control over where the ANSI escape commands are executed to.
//! * Way easier and nicer API.
//!
//! There are two ways to use the API command:
//!
//! * Functions can execute commands on types that implement Write. Functions are easier to use and debug.
//! There is a disadvantage, and that is that there is a boilerplate code involved.
//! * Macros are generally seen as more difficult and aren't always well supported by editors but offer an API with less boilerplate code. If you are
//! not afraid of macros, this is a recommendation.
//!
//! Linux and Windows 10 systems support ANSI escape codes. Those ANSI escape codes are strings or rather a
//! byte sequence. When we `write` and `flush` those to the terminal we can perform some action.
//! For older windows systems a WinAPI call is made.
//!
//! ### Supported Commands
//!
//! - Module [`cursor`](cursor/index.html)
//! - Visibility - [`Show`](cursor/struct.Show.html), [`Hide`](cursor/struct.Hide.html)
//! - Appearance - [`EnableBlinking`](cursor/struct.EnableBlinking.html),
//! [`DisableBlinking`](cursor/struct.DisableBlinking.html),
//! [`SetCursorStyle`](cursor/enum.SetCursorStyle.html)
//! - Position -
//! [`SavePosition`](cursor/struct.SavePosition.html), [`RestorePosition`](cursor/struct.RestorePosition.html),
//! [`MoveUp`](cursor/struct.MoveUp.html), [`MoveDown`](cursor/struct.MoveDown.html),
//! [`MoveLeft`](cursor/struct.MoveLeft.html), [`MoveRight`](cursor/struct.MoveRight.html),
//! [`MoveTo`](cursor/struct.MoveTo.html), [`MoveToColumn`](cursor/struct.MoveToColumn.html),[`MoveToRow`](cursor/struct.MoveToRow.html),
//! [`MoveToNextLine`](cursor/struct.MoveToNextLine.html), [`MoveToPreviousLine`](cursor/struct.MoveToPreviousLine.html)
//! - Module [`event`](event/index.html)
//! - Keyboard events -
//! [`PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags`](event/struct.PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags.html),
//! [`PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags`](event/struct.PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags.html)
//! - Mouse events - [`EnableMouseCapture`](event/struct.EnableMouseCapture.html),
//! [`DisableMouseCapture`](event/struct.DisableMouseCapture.html)
//! - Module [`style`](style/index.html)
//! - Colors - [`SetForegroundColor`](style/struct.SetForegroundColor.html),
//! [`SetBackgroundColor`](style/struct.SetBackgroundColor.html),
//! [`ResetColor`](style/struct.ResetColor.html), [`SetColors`](style/struct.SetColors.html)
//! - Attributes - [`SetAttribute`](style/struct.SetAttribute.html), [`SetAttributes`](style/struct.SetAttributes.html),
//! [`PrintStyledContent`](style/struct.PrintStyledContent.html)
//! - Module [`terminal`](terminal/index.html)
//! - Scrolling - [`ScrollUp`](terminal/struct.ScrollUp.html),
//! [`ScrollDown`](terminal/struct.ScrollDown.html)
//! - Miscellaneous - [`Clear`](terminal/struct.Clear.html),
//! [`SetSize`](terminal/struct.SetSize.html),
//! [`SetTitle`](terminal/struct.SetTitle.html),
//! [`DisableLineWrap`](terminal/struct.DisableLineWrap.html),
//! [`EnableLineWrap`](terminal/struct.EnableLineWrap.html)
//! - Alternate screen - [`EnterAlternateScreen`](terminal/struct.EnterAlternateScreen.html),
//! [`LeaveAlternateScreen`](terminal/struct.LeaveAlternateScreen.html)
//!
//! ### Command Execution
//!
//! There are two different ways to execute commands:
//!
//! * [Lazy Execution](#lazy-execution)
//! * [Direct Execution](#direct-execution)
//!
//! #### Lazy Execution
//!
//! Flushing bytes to the terminal buffer is a heavy system call. If we perform a lot of actions with the terminal,
//! we want to do this periodically - like with a TUI editor - so that we can flush more data to the terminal buffer
//! at the same time.
//!
//! Crossterm offers the possibility to do this with `queue`.
//! With `queue` you can queue commands, and when you call [Write::flush][flush] these commands will be executed.
//!
//! You can pass a custom buffer implementing [std::io::Write][write] to this `queue` operation.
//! The commands will be executed on that buffer.
//! The most common buffer is [std::io::stdout][stdout] however, [std::io::stderr][stderr] is used sometimes as well.
//!
//! ##### Examples
//!
//! A simple demonstration that shows the command API in action with cursor commands.
//!
//! Functions:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::io::{Write, stdout};
//! use crossterm::{QueueableCommand, cursor};
//!
//! let mut stdout = stdout();
//! stdout.queue(cursor::MoveTo(5,5));
//!
//! // some other code ...
//!
//! stdout.flush();
//! ```
//!
//! The [queue](./trait.QueueableCommand.html) function returns itself, therefore you can use this to queue another
//! command. Like `stdout.queue(Goto(5,5)).queue(Clear(ClearType::All))`.
//!
//! Macros:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::io::{Write, stdout};
//! use crossterm::{queue, QueueableCommand, cursor};
//!
//! let mut stdout = stdout();
//! queue!(stdout, cursor::MoveTo(5, 5));
//!
//! // some other code ...
//!
//! // move operation is performed only if we flush the buffer.
//! stdout.flush();
//! ```
//!
//! You can pass more than one command into the [queue](./macro.queue.html) macro like
//! `queue!(stdout, MoveTo(5, 5), Clear(ClearType::All))` and
//! they will be executed in the given order from left to right.
//!
//! #### Direct Execution
//!
//! For many applications it is not at all important to be efficient with 'flush' operations.
//! For this use case there is the `execute` operation.
//! This operation executes the command immediately, and calls the `flush` under water.
//!
//! You can pass a custom buffer implementing [std::io::Write][write] to this `execute` operation.
//! The commands will be executed on that buffer.
//! The most common buffer is [std::io::stdout][stdout] however, [std::io::stderr][stderr] is used sometimes as well.
//!
//! ##### Examples
//!
//! Functions:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::io::{Write, stdout};
//! use crossterm::{ExecutableCommand, cursor};
//!
//! let mut stdout = stdout();
//! stdout.execute(cursor::MoveTo(5,5));
//! ```
//! The [execute](./trait.ExecutableCommand.html) function returns itself, therefore you can use this to queue
//! another command. Like `stdout.execute(Goto(5,5))?.execute(Clear(ClearType::All))`.
//!
//! Macros:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::io::{stdout, Write};
//! use crossterm::{execute, ExecutableCommand, cursor};
//!
//! let mut stdout = stdout();
//! execute!(stdout, cursor::MoveTo(5, 5));
//! ```
//! You can pass more than one command into the [execute](./macro.execute.html) macro like
//! `execute!(stdout, MoveTo(5, 5), Clear(ClearType::All))` and they will be executed in the given order from
//! left to right.
//!
//! ## Examples
//!
//! Print a rectangle colored with magenta and use both direct execution and lazy execution.
//!
//! Functions:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::io::{self, Write};
//! use crossterm::{
//! ExecutableCommand, QueueableCommand,
//! terminal, cursor, style::{self, Stylize}
//! };
//!
//! fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
//! let mut stdout = io::stdout();
//!
//! stdout.execute(terminal::Clear(terminal::ClearType::All))?;
//!
//! for y in 0..40 {
//! for x in 0..150 {
//! if (y == 0 || y == 40 - 1) || (x == 0 || x == 150 - 1) {
//! // in this loop we are more efficient by not flushing the buffer.
//! stdout
//! .queue(cursor::MoveTo(x,y))?
//! .queue(style::PrintStyledContent( "█".magenta()))?;
//! }
//! }
//! }
//! stdout.flush()?;
//! Ok(())
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! Macros:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::io::{self, Write};
//! use crossterm::{
//! execute, queue,
//! style::{self, Stylize}, cursor, terminal
//! };
//!
//! fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
//! let mut stdout = io::stdout();
//!
//! execute!(stdout, terminal::Clear(terminal::ClearType::All))?;
//!
//! for y in 0..40 {
//! for x in 0..150 {
//! if (y == 0 || y == 40 - 1) || (x == 0 || x == 150 - 1) {
//! // in this loop we are more efficient by not flushing the buffer.
//! queue!(stdout, cursor::MoveTo(x,y), style::PrintStyledContent( "█".magenta()))?;
//! }
//! }
//! }
//! stdout.flush()?;
//! Ok(())
//! }
//!```
//!
//! [write]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html
//! [stdout]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/fn.stdout.html
//! [stderr]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/fn.stderr.html
//! [flush]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html#tymethod.flush
pub use crate::command::{Command, ExecutableCommand, QueueableCommand, SynchronizedUpdate};
/// A module to work with the terminal cursor
pub mod cursor;
/// A module to read events.
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
pub mod event;
/// A module to apply attributes and colors on your text.
pub mod style;
/// A module to work with the terminal.
pub mod terminal;
/// A module to query if the current instance is a tty.
pub mod tty;
#[cfg(windows)]
/// A module that exposes one function to check if the current terminal supports ANSI sequences.
pub mod ansi_support;
mod command;
pub(crate) mod macros;
#[cfg(all(windows, not(feature = "windows")))]
compile_error!("Compiling on Windows with \"windows\" feature disabled. Feature \"windows\" should only be disabled when project will never be compiled on Windows.");
#[cfg(all(winapi, not(feature = "winapi")))]
compile_error!("Compiling on Windows with \"winapi\" feature disabled. Feature \"winapi\" should only be disabled when project will never be compiled on Windows.");
#[cfg(all(crossterm_winapi, not(feature = "crossterm_winapi")))]
compile_error!("Compiling on Windows with \"crossterm_winapi\" feature disabled. Feature \"crossterm_winapi\" should only be disabled when project will never be compiled on Windows.");

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/// Append a the first few characters of an ANSI escape code to the given string.
#[macro_export]
#[doc(hidden)]
macro_rules! csi {
($( $l:expr ),*) => { concat!("\x1B[", $( $l ),*) };
}
/// Queues one or more command(s) for further execution.
///
/// Queued commands must be flushed to the underlying device to be executed.
/// This generally happens in the following cases:
///
/// * When `flush` is called manually on the given type implementing `io::Write`.
/// * The terminal will `flush` automatically if the buffer is full.
/// * Each line is flushed in case of `stdout`, because it is line buffered.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// - [std::io::Writer](std::io::Write)
///
/// ANSI escape codes are written on the given 'writer', after which they are flushed.
///
/// - [Command](./trait.Command.html)
///
/// One or more commands
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::io::{Write, stdout};
/// use crossterm::{queue, style::Print};
///
/// let mut stdout = stdout();
///
/// // `Print` will executed executed when `flush` is called.
/// queue!(stdout, Print("foo".to_string()));
///
/// // some other code (no execution happening here) ...
///
/// // when calling `flush` on `stdout`, all commands will be written to the stdout and therefore executed.
/// stdout.flush();
///
/// // ==== Output ====
/// // foo
/// ```
///
/// Have a look over at the [Command API](./index.html#command-api) for more details.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// In case of Windows versions lower than 10, a direct WinAPI call will be made.
/// The reason for this is that Windows versions lower than 10 do not support ANSI codes,
/// and can therefore not be written to the given `writer`.
/// Therefore, there is no difference between [execute](macro.execute.html)
/// and [queue](macro.queue.html) for those old Windows versions.
///
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! queue {
($writer:expr $(, $command:expr)* $(,)?) => {{
use ::std::io::Write;
// This allows the macro to take both mut impl Write and &mut impl Write.
Ok($writer.by_ref())
$(.and_then(|writer| $crate::QueueableCommand::queue(writer, $command)))*
.map(|_| ())
}}
}
/// Executes one or more command(s).
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// - [std::io::Writer](std::io::Write)
///
/// ANSI escape codes are written on the given 'writer', after which they are flushed.
///
/// - [Command](./trait.Command.html)
///
/// One or more commands
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::io::{Write, stdout};
/// use crossterm::{execute, style::Print};
///
/// // will be executed directly
/// execute!(stdout(), Print("sum:\n".to_string()));
///
/// // will be executed directly
/// execute!(stdout(), Print("1 + 1 = ".to_string()), Print((1+1).to_string()));
///
/// // ==== Output ====
/// // sum:
/// // 1 + 1 = 2
/// ```
///
/// Have a look over at the [Command API](./index.html#command-api) for more details.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// * In the case of UNIX and Windows 10, ANSI codes are written to the given 'writer'.
/// * In case of Windows versions lower than 10, a direct WinAPI call will be made.
/// The reason for this is that Windows versions lower than 10 do not support ANSI codes,
/// and can therefore not be written to the given `writer`.
/// Therefore, there is no difference between [execute](macro.execute.html)
/// and [queue](macro.queue.html) for those old Windows versions.
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! execute {
($writer:expr $(, $command:expr)* $(,)? ) => {{
use ::std::io::Write;
// Queue each command, then flush
$crate::queue!($writer $(, $command)*)
.and_then(|()| {
::std::io::Write::flush($writer.by_ref())
})
}}
}
#[doc(hidden)]
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! impl_display {
(for $($t:ty),+) => {
$(impl ::std::fmt::Display for $t {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
$crate::command::execute_fmt(f, self)
}
})*
}
}
#[doc(hidden)]
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! impl_from {
($from:path, $to:expr) => {
impl From<$from> for ErrorKind {
fn from(e: $from) -> Self {
$to(e)
}
}
};
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use std::io;
use std::str;
// Helper for execute tests to confirm flush
#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
pub(self) struct FakeWrite {
buffer: String,
flushed: bool,
}
impl io::Write for FakeWrite {
fn write(&mut self, content: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
let content = str::from_utf8(content)
.map_err(|e| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, e))?;
self.buffer.push_str(content);
self.flushed = false;
Ok(content.len())
}
fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
self.flushed = true;
Ok(())
}
}
#[cfg(not(windows))]
mod unix {
use std::fmt;
use super::FakeWrite;
use crate::command::Command;
pub struct FakeCommand;
impl Command for FakeCommand {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str("cmd")
}
}
#[test]
fn test_queue_one() {
let mut result = FakeWrite::default();
queue!(&mut result, FakeCommand).unwrap();
assert_eq!(&result.buffer, "cmd");
assert!(!result.flushed);
}
#[test]
fn test_queue_many() {
let mut result = FakeWrite::default();
queue!(&mut result, FakeCommand, FakeCommand).unwrap();
assert_eq!(&result.buffer, "cmdcmd");
assert!(!result.flushed);
}
#[test]
fn test_queue_trailing_comma() {
let mut result = FakeWrite::default();
queue!(&mut result, FakeCommand, FakeCommand,).unwrap();
assert_eq!(&result.buffer, "cmdcmd");
assert!(!result.flushed);
}
#[test]
fn test_execute_one() {
let mut result = FakeWrite::default();
execute!(&mut result, FakeCommand).unwrap();
assert_eq!(&result.buffer, "cmd");
assert!(result.flushed);
}
#[test]
fn test_execute_many() {
let mut result = FakeWrite::default();
execute!(&mut result, FakeCommand, FakeCommand).unwrap();
assert_eq!(&result.buffer, "cmdcmd");
assert!(result.flushed);
}
#[test]
fn test_execute_trailing_comma() {
let mut result = FakeWrite::default();
execute!(&mut result, FakeCommand, FakeCommand,).unwrap();
assert_eq!(&result.buffer, "cmdcmd");
assert!(result.flushed);
}
}
#[cfg(windows)]
mod windows {
use std::fmt;
use std::cell::RefCell;
use super::FakeWrite;
use crate::command::Command;
// We need to test two different APIs: WinAPI and the write api. We
// don't know until runtime which we're supporting (via
// Command::is_ansi_code_supported), so we have to test them both. The
// CI environment hopefully includes both versions of windows.
// WindowsEventStream is a place for execute_winapi to push strings,
// when called.
type WindowsEventStream = Vec<&'static str>;
struct FakeCommand<'a> {
// Need to use a refcell because we want execute_winapi to be able
// push to the vector, but execute_winapi take &self.
stream: RefCell<&'a mut WindowsEventStream>,
value: &'static str,
}
impl<'a> FakeCommand<'a> {
fn new(stream: &'a mut WindowsEventStream, value: &'static str) -> Self {
Self {
value,
stream: RefCell::new(stream),
}
}
}
impl<'a> Command for FakeCommand<'a> {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(self.value)
}
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
self.stream.borrow_mut().push(self.value);
Ok(())
}
}
// Helper function for running tests against either WinAPI or an
// io::Write.
//
// This function will execute the `test` function, which should
// queue some commands against the given FakeWrite and
// WindowsEventStream. It will then test that the correct data sink
// was populated. It does not currently check is_ansi_code_supported;
// for now it simply checks that one of the two streams was correctly
// populated.
//
// If the stream was populated, it tests that the two arrays are equal.
// If the writer was populated, it tests that the contents of the
// write buffer are equal to the concatenation of `stream_result`.
fn test_harness(
stream_result: &[&'static str],
test: impl FnOnce(&mut FakeWrite, &mut WindowsEventStream) -> std::io::Result<()>,
) {
let mut stream = WindowsEventStream::default();
let mut writer = FakeWrite::default();
if let Err(err) = test(&mut writer, &mut stream) {
panic!("Error returned from test function: {:?}", err);
}
// We need this for type inference, for whatever reason.
const EMPTY_RESULT: [&str; 0] = [];
// TODO: confirm that the correct sink was used, based on
// is_ansi_code_supported
match (writer.buffer.is_empty(), stream.is_empty()) {
(true, true) if stream_result == EMPTY_RESULT => {}
(true, true) => panic!(
"Neither the event stream nor the writer were populated. Expected {:?}",
stream_result
),
// writer is populated
(false, true) => {
// Concat the stream result to find the string result
let result: String = stream_result.iter().copied().collect();
assert_eq!(result, writer.buffer);
assert_eq!(&stream, &EMPTY_RESULT);
}
// stream is populated
(true, false) => {
assert_eq!(stream, stream_result);
assert_eq!(writer.buffer, "");
}
// Both are populated
(false, false) => panic!(
"Both the writer and the event stream were written to.\n\
Only one should be used, based on is_ansi_code_supported.\n\
stream: {stream:?}\n\
writer: {writer:?}",
stream = stream,
writer = writer,
),
}
}
#[test]
fn test_queue_one() {
test_harness(&["cmd1"], |writer, stream| {
queue!(writer, FakeCommand::new(stream, "cmd1"))
})
}
#[test]
fn test_queue_some() {
test_harness(&["cmd1", "cmd2"], |writer, stream| {
queue!(
writer,
FakeCommand::new(stream, "cmd1"),
FakeCommand::new(stream, "cmd2"),
)
})
}
#[test]
fn test_many_queues() {
test_harness(&["cmd1", "cmd2", "cmd3"], |writer, stream| {
queue!(writer, FakeCommand::new(stream, "cmd1"))?;
queue!(writer, FakeCommand::new(stream, "cmd2"))?;
queue!(writer, FakeCommand::new(stream, "cmd3"))
})
}
}
}

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//! # Style
//!
//! The `style` module provides a functionality to apply attributes and colors on your text.
//!
//! This documentation does not contain a lot of examples. The reason is that it's fairly
//! obvious how to use this crate. Although, we do provide
//! [examples](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/tree/master/examples) repository
//! to demonstrate the capabilities.
//!
//! ## Platform-specific Notes
//!
//! Not all features are supported on all terminals/platforms. You should always consult
//! platform-specific notes of the following types:
//!
//! * [Color](enum.Color.html#platform-specific-notes)
//! * [Attribute](enum.Attribute.html#platform-specific-notes)
//!
//! ## Examples
//!
//! A few examples of how to use the style module.
//!
//! ### Colors
//!
//! How to change the terminal text color.
//!
//! Command API:
//!
//! Using the Command API to color text.
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::io::{self, Write};
//! use crossterm::execute;
//! use crossterm::style::{Print, SetForegroundColor, SetBackgroundColor, ResetColor, Color, Attribute};
//!
//! fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
//! execute!(
//! io::stdout(),
//! // Blue foreground
//! SetForegroundColor(Color::Blue),
//! // Red background
//! SetBackgroundColor(Color::Red),
//! // Print text
//! Print("Blue text on Red.".to_string()),
//! // Reset to default colors
//! ResetColor
//! )
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! Functions:
//!
//! Using functions from [`Stylize`](crate::style::Stylize) on a `String` or `&'static str` to color
//! it.
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use crossterm::style::Stylize;
//!
//! println!("{}", "Red foreground color & blue background.".red().on_blue());
//! ```
//!
//! ### Attributes
//!
//! How to apply terminal attributes to text.
//!
//! Command API:
//!
//! Using the Command API to set attributes.
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::io::{self, Write};
//!
//! use crossterm::execute;
//! use crossterm::style::{Attribute, Print, SetAttribute};
//!
//! fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
//! execute!(
//! io::stdout(),
//! // Set to bold
//! SetAttribute(Attribute::Bold),
//! Print("Bold text here.".to_string()),
//! // Reset all attributes
//! SetAttribute(Attribute::Reset)
//! )
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! Functions:
//!
//! Using [`Stylize`](crate::style::Stylize) functions on a `String` or `&'static str` to set
//! attributes to it.
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use crossterm::style::Stylize;
//!
//! println!("{}", "Bold".bold());
//! println!("{}", "Underlined".underlined());
//! println!("{}", "Negative".negative());
//! ```
//!
//! Displayable:
//!
//! [`Attribute`](enum.Attribute.html) implements [Display](https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/std/fmt/trait.Display.html) and therefore it can be formatted like:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use crossterm::style::Attribute;
//!
//! println!(
//! "{} Underlined {} No Underline",
//! Attribute::Underlined,
//! Attribute::NoUnderline
//! );
//! ```
use std::{
env,
fmt::{self, Display},
};
use crate::command::execute_fmt;
use crate::{csi, impl_display, Command};
pub use self::{
attributes::Attributes,
content_style::ContentStyle,
styled_content::StyledContent,
stylize::Stylize,
types::{Attribute, Color, Colored, Colors},
};
mod attributes;
mod content_style;
mod styled_content;
mod stylize;
mod sys;
mod types;
/// Creates a `StyledContent`.
///
/// This could be used to style any type that implements `Display` with colors and text attributes.
///
/// See [`StyledContent`](struct.StyledContent.html) for more info.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use crossterm::style::{style, Stylize, Color};
///
/// let styled_content = style("Blue colored text on yellow background")
/// .with(Color::Blue)
/// .on(Color::Yellow);
///
/// println!("{}", styled_content);
/// ```
pub fn style<D: Display>(val: D) -> StyledContent<D> {
ContentStyle::new().apply(val)
}
/// Returns available color count.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// This does not always provide a good result.
pub fn available_color_count() -> u16 {
env::var("TERM")
.map(|x| if x.contains("256color") { 256 } else { 8 })
.unwrap_or(8)
}
/// Forces colored output on or off globally, overriding NO_COLOR.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// crossterm supports NO_COLOR (https://no-color.org/) to disabled colored output.
///
/// This API allows applications to override that behavior and force colorized output
/// even if NO_COLOR is set.
pub fn force_color_output(enabled: bool) {
Colored::set_ansi_color_disabled(!enabled)
}
/// A command that sets the the foreground color.
///
/// See [`Color`](enum.Color.html) for more info.
///
/// [`SetColors`](struct.SetColors.html) can also be used to set both the foreground and background
/// color in one command.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SetForegroundColor(pub Color);
impl Command for SetForegroundColor {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}m"), Colored::ForegroundColor(self.0))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::windows::set_foreground_color(self.0)
}
}
/// A command that sets the the background color.
///
/// See [`Color`](enum.Color.html) for more info.
///
/// [`SetColors`](struct.SetColors.html) can also be used to set both the foreground and background
/// color with one command.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SetBackgroundColor(pub Color);
impl Command for SetBackgroundColor {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}m"), Colored::BackgroundColor(self.0))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::windows::set_background_color(self.0)
}
}
/// A command that sets the the underline color.
///
/// See [`Color`](enum.Color.html) for more info.
///
/// [`SetColors`](struct.SetColors.html) can also be used to set both the foreground and background
/// color with one command.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SetUnderlineColor(pub Color);
impl Command for SetUnderlineColor {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}m"), Colored::UnderlineColor(self.0))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
Err(std::io::Error::new(
std::io::ErrorKind::Other,
"SetUnderlineColor not supported by winapi.",
))
}
}
/// A command that optionally sets the foreground and/or background color.
///
/// For example:
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::{stdout, Write};
///
/// use crossterm::execute;
/// use crossterm::style::{Color::{Green, Black}, Colors, Print, SetColors};
///
/// execute!(
/// stdout(),
/// SetColors(Colors::new(Green, Black)),
/// Print("Hello, world!".to_string()),
/// ).unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// See [`Colors`](struct.Colors.html) for more info.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SetColors(pub Colors);
impl Command for SetColors {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
if let Some(color) = self.0.foreground {
SetForegroundColor(color).write_ansi(f)?;
}
if let Some(color) = self.0.background {
SetBackgroundColor(color).write_ansi(f)?;
}
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
if let Some(color) = self.0.foreground {
sys::windows::set_foreground_color(color)?;
}
if let Some(color) = self.0.background {
sys::windows::set_background_color(color)?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that sets an attribute.
///
/// See [`Attribute`](enum.Attribute.html) for more info.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SetAttribute(pub Attribute);
impl Command for SetAttribute {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("{}m"), self.0.sgr())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
// attributes are not supported by WinAPI.
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that sets several attributes.
///
/// See [`Attributes`](struct.Attributes.html) for more info.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SetAttributes(pub Attributes);
impl Command for SetAttributes {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
for attr in Attribute::iterator() {
if self.0.has(attr) {
SetAttribute(attr).write_ansi(f)?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
// attributes are not supported by WinAPI.
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that sets a style (colors and attributes).
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SetStyle(pub ContentStyle);
impl Command for SetStyle {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
if let Some(bg) = self.0.background_color {
execute_fmt(f, SetBackgroundColor(bg)).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)?;
}
if let Some(fg) = self.0.foreground_color {
execute_fmt(f, SetForegroundColor(fg)).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)?;
}
if let Some(ul) = self.0.underline_color {
execute_fmt(f, SetUnderlineColor(ul)).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)?;
}
if !self.0.attributes.is_empty() {
execute_fmt(f, SetAttributes(self.0.attributes)).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)?;
}
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
panic!("tried to execute SetStyle command using WinAPI, use ANSI instead");
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
true
}
}
/// A command that prints styled content.
///
/// See [`StyledContent`](struct.StyledContent.html) for more info.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
pub struct PrintStyledContent<D: Display>(pub StyledContent<D>);
impl<D: Display> Command for PrintStyledContent<D> {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
let style = self.0.style();
let mut reset_background = false;
let mut reset_foreground = false;
let mut reset = false;
if let Some(bg) = style.background_color {
execute_fmt(f, SetBackgroundColor(bg)).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)?;
reset_background = true;
}
if let Some(fg) = style.foreground_color {
execute_fmt(f, SetForegroundColor(fg)).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)?;
reset_foreground = true;
}
if let Some(ul) = style.underline_color {
execute_fmt(f, SetUnderlineColor(ul)).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)?;
reset_foreground = true;
}
if !style.attributes.is_empty() {
execute_fmt(f, SetAttributes(style.attributes)).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)?;
reset = true;
}
write!(f, "{}", self.0.content())?;
if reset {
// NOTE: This will reset colors even though self has no colors, hence produce unexpected
// resets.
// TODO: reset the set attributes only.
execute_fmt(f, ResetColor).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)?;
} else {
// NOTE: Since the above bug, we do not need to reset colors when we reset attributes.
if reset_background {
execute_fmt(f, SetBackgroundColor(Color::Reset)).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)?;
}
if reset_foreground {
execute_fmt(f, SetForegroundColor(Color::Reset)).map_err(|_| fmt::Error)?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that resets the colors back to default.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ResetColor;
impl Command for ResetColor {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("0m"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
sys::windows::reset()
}
}
/// A command that prints the given displayable type.
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Print<T: Display>(pub T);
impl<T: Display> Command for Print<T> {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.0)
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
panic!("tried to execute Print command using WinAPI, use ANSI instead");
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
true
}
}
impl<T: Display> Display for Print<T> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
self.0.fmt(f)
}
}
impl_display!(for SetForegroundColor);
impl_display!(for SetBackgroundColor);
impl_display!(for SetColors);
impl_display!(for SetAttribute);
impl_display!(for PrintStyledContent<String>);
impl_display!(for PrintStyledContent<&'static str>);
impl_display!(for ResetColor);
/// Utility function for ANSI parsing in Color and Colored.
/// Gets the next element of `iter` and tries to parse it as a `u8`.
fn parse_next_u8<'a>(iter: &mut impl Iterator<Item = &'a str>) -> Option<u8> {
iter.next().and_then(|s| s.parse().ok())
}

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use std::ops::{BitAnd, BitOr, BitXor};
use crate::style::Attribute;
/// a bitset for all possible attributes
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Attributes(u32);
impl From<Attribute> for Attributes {
fn from(attribute: Attribute) -> Self {
Self(attribute.bytes())
}
}
impl From<&[Attribute]> for Attributes {
fn from(arr: &[Attribute]) -> Self {
let mut attributes = Attributes::default();
for &attr in arr {
attributes.set(attr);
}
attributes
}
}
impl BitAnd<Attribute> for Attributes {
type Output = Self;
fn bitand(self, rhs: Attribute) -> Self {
Self(self.0 & rhs.bytes())
}
}
impl BitAnd for Attributes {
type Output = Self;
fn bitand(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
Self(self.0 & rhs.0)
}
}
impl BitOr<Attribute> for Attributes {
type Output = Self;
fn bitor(self, rhs: Attribute) -> Self {
Self(self.0 | rhs.bytes())
}
}
impl BitOr for Attributes {
type Output = Self;
fn bitor(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
Self(self.0 | rhs.0)
}
}
impl BitXor<Attribute> for Attributes {
type Output = Self;
fn bitxor(self, rhs: Attribute) -> Self {
Self(self.0 ^ rhs.bytes())
}
}
impl BitXor for Attributes {
type Output = Self;
fn bitxor(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
Self(self.0 ^ rhs.0)
}
}
impl Attributes {
/// Returns the empty bitset.
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn none() -> Self {
Self(0)
}
/// Returns a copy of the bitset with the given attribute set.
/// If it's already set, this returns the bitset unmodified.
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn with(self, attribute: Attribute) -> Self {
Self(self.0 | attribute.bytes())
}
/// Returns a copy of the bitset with the given attribute unset.
/// If it's not set, this returns the bitset unmodified.
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn without(self, attribute: Attribute) -> Self {
Self(self.0 & !attribute.bytes())
}
/// Sets the attribute.
/// If it's already set, this does nothing.
#[inline(always)]
pub fn set(&mut self, attribute: Attribute) {
self.0 |= attribute.bytes();
}
/// Unsets the attribute.
/// If it's not set, this changes nothing.
#[inline(always)]
pub fn unset(&mut self, attribute: Attribute) {
self.0 &= !attribute.bytes();
}
/// Sets the attribute if it's unset, unset it
/// if it is set.
#[inline(always)]
pub fn toggle(&mut self, attribute: Attribute) {
self.0 ^= attribute.bytes();
}
/// Returns whether the attribute is set.
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn has(self, attribute: Attribute) -> bool {
self.0 & attribute.bytes() != 0
}
/// Sets all the passed attributes. Removes none.
#[inline(always)]
pub fn extend(&mut self, attributes: Attributes) {
self.0 |= attributes.0;
}
/// Returns whether there is no attribute set.
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn is_empty(self) -> bool {
self.0 == 0
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::{Attribute, Attributes};
#[test]
fn test_attributes() {
let mut attributes: Attributes = Attribute::Bold.into();
assert!(attributes.has(Attribute::Bold));
attributes.set(Attribute::Italic);
assert!(attributes.has(Attribute::Italic));
attributes.unset(Attribute::Italic);
assert!(!attributes.has(Attribute::Italic));
attributes.toggle(Attribute::Bold);
assert!(attributes.is_empty());
}
#[test]
fn test_attributes_const() {
const ATTRIBUTES: Attributes = Attributes::none().with(Attribute::Bold).with(Attribute::Italic).without(Attribute::Bold);
assert!(!ATTRIBUTES.has(Attribute::Bold));
assert!(ATTRIBUTES.has(Attribute::Italic));
}
}

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//! This module contains the `content style` that can be applied to an `styled content`.
use std::fmt::Display;
use crate::style::{Attributes, Color, StyledContent};
/// The style that can be put on content.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ContentStyle {
/// The foreground color.
pub foreground_color: Option<Color>,
/// The background color.
pub background_color: Option<Color>,
/// The underline color.
pub underline_color: Option<Color>,
/// List of attributes.
pub attributes: Attributes,
}
impl ContentStyle {
/// Creates a `StyledContent` by applying the style to the given `val`.
#[inline]
pub fn apply<D: Display>(self, val: D) -> StyledContent<D> {
StyledContent::new(self, val)
}
/// Creates a new `ContentStyle`.
#[inline]
pub fn new() -> ContentStyle {
ContentStyle::default()
}
}
impl AsRef<ContentStyle> for ContentStyle {
fn as_ref(&self) -> &Self {
self
}
}
impl AsMut<ContentStyle> for ContentStyle {
fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
self
}
}

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//! This module contains the logic to style some content.
use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
use super::{ContentStyle, PrintStyledContent};
/// The style with the content to be styled.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use crossterm::style::{style, Color, Attribute, Stylize};
///
/// let styled = "Hello there"
/// .with(Color::Yellow)
/// .on(Color::Blue)
/// .attribute(Attribute::Bold);
///
/// println!("{}", styled);
/// ```
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub struct StyledContent<D: Display> {
/// The style (colors, content attributes).
style: ContentStyle,
/// A content to apply the style on.
content: D,
}
impl<D: Display> StyledContent<D> {
/// Creates a new `StyledContent`.
#[inline]
pub fn new(style: ContentStyle, content: D) -> StyledContent<D> {
StyledContent { style, content }
}
/// Returns the content.
#[inline]
pub fn content(&self) -> &D {
&self.content
}
/// Returns the style.
#[inline]
pub fn style(&self) -> &ContentStyle {
&self.style
}
/// Returns a mutable reference to the style, so that it can be further
/// manipulated
#[inline]
pub fn style_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ContentStyle {
&mut self.style
}
}
impl<D: Display> AsRef<ContentStyle> for StyledContent<D> {
fn as_ref(&self) -> &ContentStyle {
&self.style
}
}
impl<D: Display> AsMut<ContentStyle> for StyledContent<D> {
fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ContentStyle {
&mut self.style
}
}
impl<D: Display> Display for StyledContent<D> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
crate::command::execute_fmt(
f,
PrintStyledContent(StyledContent {
style: self.style,
content: &self.content,
}),
)
}
}

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use std::fmt::Display;
use super::{style, Attribute, Color, ContentStyle, StyledContent};
macro_rules! stylize_method {
($method_name:ident Attribute::$attribute:ident) => {
calculated_docs! {
#[doc = concat!(
"Applies the [`",
stringify!($attribute),
"`](Attribute::",
stringify!($attribute),
") attribute to the text.",
)]
fn $method_name(self) -> Self::Styled {
self.attribute(Attribute::$attribute)
}
}
};
($method_name_fg:ident, $method_name_bg:ident, $method_name_ul:ident Color::$color:ident) => {
calculated_docs! {
#[doc = concat!(
"Sets the foreground color to [`",
stringify!($color),
"`](Color::",
stringify!($color),
")."
)]
fn $method_name_fg(self) -> Self::Styled {
self.with(Color::$color)
}
#[doc = concat!(
"Sets the background color to [`",
stringify!($color),
"`](Color::",
stringify!($color),
")."
)]
fn $method_name_bg(self) -> Self::Styled {
self.on(Color::$color)
}
#[doc = concat!(
"Sets the underline color to [`",
stringify!($color),
"`](Color::",
stringify!($color),
")."
)]
fn $method_name_ul(self) -> Self::Styled {
self.underline(Color::$color)
}
}
};
}
/// Provides a set of methods to set attributes and colors.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use crossterm::style::Stylize;
///
/// println!("{}", "Bold text".bold());
/// println!("{}", "Underlined text".underlined());
/// println!("{}", "Negative text".negative());
/// println!("{}", "Red on blue".red().on_blue());
/// ```
pub trait Stylize: Sized {
/// This type with styles applied.
type Styled: AsRef<ContentStyle> + AsMut<ContentStyle>;
/// Styles this type.
fn stylize(self) -> Self::Styled;
/// Sets the foreground color.
fn with(self, color: Color) -> Self::Styled {
let mut styled = self.stylize();
styled.as_mut().foreground_color = Some(color);
styled
}
/// Sets the background color.
fn on(self, color: Color) -> Self::Styled {
let mut styled = self.stylize();
styled.as_mut().background_color = Some(color);
styled
}
/// Sets the underline color.
fn underline(self, color: Color) -> Self::Styled {
let mut styled = self.stylize();
styled.as_mut().underline_color = Some(color);
styled
}
/// Styles the content with the attribute.
fn attribute(self, attr: Attribute) -> Self::Styled {
let mut styled = self.stylize();
styled.as_mut().attributes.set(attr);
styled
}
stylize_method!(reset Attribute::Reset);
stylize_method!(bold Attribute::Bold);
stylize_method!(underlined Attribute::Underlined);
stylize_method!(reverse Attribute::Reverse);
stylize_method!(dim Attribute::Dim);
stylize_method!(italic Attribute::Italic);
stylize_method!(negative Attribute::Reverse);
stylize_method!(slow_blink Attribute::SlowBlink);
stylize_method!(rapid_blink Attribute::RapidBlink);
stylize_method!(hidden Attribute::Hidden);
stylize_method!(crossed_out Attribute::CrossedOut);
stylize_method!(black, on_black, underline_black Color::Black);
stylize_method!(dark_grey, on_dark_grey, underline_dark_grey Color::DarkGrey);
stylize_method!(red, on_red, underline_red Color::Red);
stylize_method!(dark_red, on_dark_red, underline_dark_red Color::DarkRed);
stylize_method!(green, on_green, underline_green Color::Green);
stylize_method!(dark_green, on_dark_green, underline_dark_green Color::DarkGreen);
stylize_method!(yellow, on_yellow, underline_yellow Color::Yellow);
stylize_method!(dark_yellow, on_dark_yellow, underline_dark_yellow Color::DarkYellow);
stylize_method!(blue, on_blue, underline_blue Color::Blue);
stylize_method!(dark_blue, on_dark_blue, underline_dark_blue Color::DarkBlue);
stylize_method!(magenta, on_magenta, underline_magenta Color::Magenta);
stylize_method!(dark_magenta, on_dark_magenta, underline_dark_magenta Color::DarkMagenta);
stylize_method!(cyan, on_cyan, underline_cyan Color::Cyan);
stylize_method!(dark_cyan, on_dark_cyan, underline_dark_cyan Color::DarkCyan);
stylize_method!(white, on_white, underline_white Color::White);
stylize_method!(grey, on_grey, underline_grey Color::Grey);
}
macro_rules! impl_stylize_for_display {
($($t:ty),*) => { $(
impl Stylize for $t {
type Styled = StyledContent<Self>;
#[inline]
fn stylize(self) -> Self::Styled {
style(self)
}
}
)* }
}
impl_stylize_for_display!(String, char, &str);
impl Stylize for ContentStyle {
type Styled = Self;
#[inline]
fn stylize(self) -> Self::Styled {
self
}
}
impl<D: Display> Stylize for StyledContent<D> {
type Styled = StyledContent<D>;
fn stylize(self) -> Self::Styled {
self
}
}
// Workaround for https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/78835
macro_rules! calculated_docs {
($(#[doc = $doc:expr] $item:item)*) => { $(#[doc = $doc] $item)* };
}
// Remove once https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/7106 stabilizes.
#[allow(clippy::single_component_path_imports)]
#[allow(clippy::useless_attribute)]
use calculated_docs;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::super::{Attribute, Color, ContentStyle, Stylize};
#[test]
fn set_fg_bg_add_attr() {
let style = ContentStyle::new()
.with(Color::Blue)
.on(Color::Red)
.attribute(Attribute::Bold);
assert_eq!(style.foreground_color, Some(Color::Blue));
assert_eq!(style.background_color, Some(Color::Red));
assert!(style.attributes.has(Attribute::Bold));
let mut styled_content = style.apply("test");
styled_content = styled_content
.with(Color::Green)
.on(Color::Magenta)
.attribute(Attribute::NoItalic);
let style = styled_content.style();
assert_eq!(style.foreground_color, Some(Color::Green));
assert_eq!(style.background_color, Some(Color::Magenta));
assert!(style.attributes.has(Attribute::Bold));
assert!(style.attributes.has(Attribute::NoItalic));
}
}

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#[cfg(windows)]
pub(crate) mod windows;

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use std::convert::TryFrom;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
use crossterm_winapi::{Console, Handle, HandleType, ScreenBuffer};
use winapi::um::wincon;
use super::super::{Color, Colored};
const FG_GREEN: u16 = wincon::FOREGROUND_GREEN;
const FG_RED: u16 = wincon::FOREGROUND_RED;
const FG_BLUE: u16 = wincon::FOREGROUND_BLUE;
const FG_INTENSITY: u16 = wincon::FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
const BG_GREEN: u16 = wincon::BACKGROUND_GREEN;
const BG_RED: u16 = wincon::BACKGROUND_RED;
const BG_BLUE: u16 = wincon::BACKGROUND_BLUE;
const BG_INTENSITY: u16 = wincon::BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
pub(crate) fn set_foreground_color(fg_color: Color) -> std::io::Result<()> {
init_console_color()?;
let color_value: u16 = Colored::ForegroundColor(fg_color).into();
let screen_buffer = ScreenBuffer::current()?;
let csbi = screen_buffer.info()?;
// Notice that the color values are stored in wAttribute.
// So we need to use bitwise operators to check if the values exists or to get current console colors.
let attrs = csbi.attributes();
let bg_color = attrs & 0x0070;
let mut color = color_value | bg_color;
// background intensity is a separate value in attrs,
// we need to check if this was applied to the current bg color.
if (attrs & wincon::BACKGROUND_INTENSITY) != 0 {
color |= wincon::BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
}
Console::from(screen_buffer.handle().clone()).set_text_attribute(color)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn set_background_color(bg_color: Color) -> std::io::Result<()> {
init_console_color()?;
let color_value: u16 = Colored::BackgroundColor(bg_color).into();
let screen_buffer = ScreenBuffer::current()?;
let csbi = screen_buffer.info()?;
// Notice that the color values are stored in wAttribute.
// So we need to use bitwise operators to check if the values exists or to get current console colors.
let attrs = csbi.attributes();
let fg_color = attrs & 0x0007;
let mut color = fg_color | color_value;
// Foreground intensity is a separate value in attrs,
// So we need to check if this was applied to the current fg color.
if (attrs & wincon::FOREGROUND_INTENSITY) != 0 {
color |= wincon::FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
}
Console::from(screen_buffer.handle().clone()).set_text_attribute(color)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn reset() -> std::io::Result<()> {
if let Ok(original_color) = u16::try_from(ORIGINAL_CONSOLE_COLOR.load(Ordering::Relaxed)) {
Console::from(Handle::new(HandleType::CurrentOutputHandle)?)
.set_text_attribute(original_color)?;
}
Ok(())
}
/// Initializes the default console color. It will will be skipped if it has already been initialized.
pub(crate) fn init_console_color() -> std::io::Result<()> {
if ORIGINAL_CONSOLE_COLOR.load(Ordering::Relaxed) == u32::MAX {
let screen_buffer = ScreenBuffer::current()?;
let attr = screen_buffer.info()?.attributes();
ORIGINAL_CONSOLE_COLOR.store(u32::from(attr), Ordering::Relaxed);
}
Ok(())
}
/// Returns the original console color, make sure to call `init_console_color` before calling this function. Otherwise this function will panic.
pub(crate) fn original_console_color() -> u16 {
u16::try_from(ORIGINAL_CONSOLE_COLOR.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
// safe unwrap, initial console color was set with `init_console_color` in `WinApiColor::new()`
.expect("Initial console color not set")
}
// This is either a valid u16 in which case it stores the original console color or it is u32::MAX
// in which case it is uninitialized.
static ORIGINAL_CONSOLE_COLOR: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(u32::MAX);
impl From<Colored> for u16 {
/// Returns the WinAPI color value (u16) from the `Colored` struct.
fn from(colored: Colored) -> Self {
match colored {
Colored::ForegroundColor(color) => {
match color {
Color::Black => 0,
Color::DarkGrey => FG_INTENSITY,
Color::Red => FG_INTENSITY | FG_RED,
Color::DarkRed => FG_RED,
Color::Green => FG_INTENSITY | FG_GREEN,
Color::DarkGreen => FG_GREEN,
Color::Yellow => FG_INTENSITY | FG_GREEN | FG_RED,
Color::DarkYellow => FG_GREEN | FG_RED,
Color::Blue => FG_INTENSITY | FG_BLUE,
Color::DarkBlue => FG_BLUE,
Color::Magenta => FG_INTENSITY | FG_RED | FG_BLUE,
Color::DarkMagenta => FG_RED | FG_BLUE,
Color::Cyan => FG_INTENSITY | FG_GREEN | FG_BLUE,
Color::DarkCyan => FG_GREEN | FG_BLUE,
Color::White => FG_INTENSITY | FG_RED | FG_GREEN | FG_BLUE,
Color::Grey => FG_RED | FG_GREEN | FG_BLUE,
Color::Reset => {
// safe unwrap, initial console color was set with `init_console_color`.
let original_color = original_console_color();
const REMOVE_BG_MASK: u16 = BG_INTENSITY | BG_RED | BG_GREEN | BG_BLUE;
// remove all background values from the original color, we don't want to reset those.
original_color & !REMOVE_BG_MASK
}
/* WinAPI will be used for systems that do not support ANSI, those are windows version less then 10. RGB and 255 (AnsiBValue) colors are not supported in that case.*/
Color::Rgb { .. } => 0,
Color::AnsiValue(_val) => 0,
}
}
Colored::BackgroundColor(color) => {
match color {
Color::Black => 0,
Color::DarkGrey => BG_INTENSITY,
Color::Red => BG_INTENSITY | BG_RED,
Color::DarkRed => BG_RED,
Color::Green => BG_INTENSITY | BG_GREEN,
Color::DarkGreen => BG_GREEN,
Color::Yellow => BG_INTENSITY | BG_GREEN | BG_RED,
Color::DarkYellow => BG_GREEN | BG_RED,
Color::Blue => BG_INTENSITY | BG_BLUE,
Color::DarkBlue => BG_BLUE,
Color::Magenta => BG_INTENSITY | BG_RED | BG_BLUE,
Color::DarkMagenta => BG_RED | BG_BLUE,
Color::Cyan => BG_INTENSITY | BG_GREEN | BG_BLUE,
Color::DarkCyan => BG_GREEN | BG_BLUE,
Color::White => BG_INTENSITY | BG_RED | BG_GREEN | BG_BLUE,
Color::Grey => BG_RED | BG_GREEN | BG_BLUE,
Color::Reset => {
let original_color = original_console_color();
const REMOVE_FG_MASK: u16 = FG_INTENSITY | FG_RED | FG_GREEN | FG_BLUE;
// remove all foreground values from the original color, we don't want to reset those.
original_color & !REMOVE_FG_MASK
}
/* WinAPI will be used for systems that do not support ANSI, those are windows version less then 10. RGB and 255 (AnsiBValue) colors are not supported in that case.*/
Color::Rgb { .. } => 0,
Color::AnsiValue(_val) => 0,
}
}
Colored::UnderlineColor(_) => 0,
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
use crate::style::sys::windows::set_foreground_color;
use super::{
Color, Colored, BG_INTENSITY, BG_RED, FG_INTENSITY, FG_RED, ORIGINAL_CONSOLE_COLOR,
};
#[test]
fn test_parse_fg_color() {
let colored = Colored::ForegroundColor(Color::Red);
assert_eq!(Into::<u16>::into(colored), FG_INTENSITY | FG_RED);
}
#[test]
fn test_parse_bg_color() {
let colored = Colored::BackgroundColor(Color::Red);
assert_eq!(Into::<u16>::into(colored), BG_INTENSITY | BG_RED);
}
#[test]
fn test_original_console_color_is_set() {
assert_eq!(ORIGINAL_CONSOLE_COLOR.load(Ordering::Relaxed), u32::MAX);
// will call `init_console_color`
set_foreground_color(Color::Blue).unwrap();
assert_ne!(ORIGINAL_CONSOLE_COLOR.load(Ordering::Relaxed), u32::MAX);
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
pub use self::{attribute::Attribute, color::Color, colored::Colored, colors::Colors};
mod attribute;
mod color;
mod colored;
mod colors;

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use std::fmt::Display;
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use super::super::SetAttribute;
// This macro generates the Attribute enum, its iterator
// function, and the static array containing the sgr code
// of each attribute
macro_rules! Attribute {
(
$(
$(#[$inner:ident $($args:tt)*])*
$name:ident = $sgr:expr,
)*
) => {
/// Represents an attribute.
///
/// # Platform-specific Notes
///
/// * Only UNIX and Windows 10 terminals do support text attributes.
/// * Keep in mind that not all terminals support all attributes.
/// * Crossterm implements almost all attributes listed in the
/// [SGR parameters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR_parameters).
///
/// | Attribute | Windows | UNIX | Notes |
/// | :-- | :--: | :--: | :-- |
/// | `Reset` | ✓ | ✓ | |
/// | `Bold` | ✓ | ✓ | |
/// | `Dim` | ✓ | ✓ | |
/// | `Italic` | ? | ? | Not widely supported, sometimes treated as inverse. |
/// | `Underlined` | ✓ | ✓ | |
/// | `SlowBlink` | ? | ? | Not widely supported, sometimes treated as inverse. |
/// | `RapidBlink` | ? | ? | Not widely supported. MS-DOS ANSI.SYS; 150+ per minute. |
/// | `Reverse` | ✓ | ✓ | |
/// | `Hidden` | ✓ | ✓ | Also known as Conceal. |
/// | `Fraktur` | ✗ | ✓ | Legible characters, but marked for deletion. |
/// | `DefaultForegroundColor` | ? | ? | Implementation specific (according to standard). |
/// | `DefaultBackgroundColor` | ? | ? | Implementation specific (according to standard). |
/// | `Framed` | ? | ? | Not widely supported. |
/// | `Encircled` | ? | ? | This should turn on the encircled attribute. |
/// | `OverLined` | ? | ? | This should draw a line at the top of the text. |
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
///
/// ```no_run
/// use crossterm::style::Attribute;
///
/// println!(
/// "{} Underlined {} No Underline",
/// Attribute::Underlined,
/// Attribute::NoUnderline
/// );
/// ```
///
/// Style existing text:
///
/// ```no_run
/// use crossterm::style::Stylize;
///
/// println!("{}", "Bold text".bold());
/// println!("{}", "Underlined text".underlined());
/// println!("{}", "Negative text".negative());
/// ```
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum Attribute {
$(
$(#[$inner $($args)*])*
$name,
)*
}
pub static SGR: &'static[i16] = &[
$($sgr,)*
];
impl Attribute {
/// Iterates over all the variants of the Attribute enum.
pub fn iterator() -> impl Iterator<Item = Attribute> {
use self::Attribute::*;
[ $($name,)* ].iter().copied()
}
}
}
}
Attribute! {
/// Resets all the attributes.
Reset = 0,
/// Increases the text intensity.
Bold = 1,
/// Decreases the text intensity.
Dim = 2,
/// Emphasises the text.
Italic = 3,
/// Underlines the text.
Underlined = 4,
// Other types of underlining
/// Double underlines the text.
DoubleUnderlined = 2,
/// Undercurls the text.
Undercurled = 3,
/// Underdots the text.
Underdotted = 4,
/// Underdashes the text.
Underdashed = 5,
/// Makes the text blinking (< 150 per minute).
SlowBlink = 5,
/// Makes the text blinking (>= 150 per minute).
RapidBlink = 6,
/// Swaps foreground and background colors.
Reverse = 7,
/// Hides the text (also known as Conceal).
Hidden = 8,
/// Crosses the text.
CrossedOut = 9,
/// Sets the [Fraktur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraktur) typeface.
///
/// Mostly used for [mathematical alphanumeric symbols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols).
Fraktur = 20,
/// Turns off the `Bold` attribute. - Inconsistent - Prefer to use NormalIntensity
NoBold = 21,
/// Switches the text back to normal intensity (no bold, italic).
NormalIntensity = 22,
/// Turns off the `Italic` attribute.
NoItalic = 23,
/// Turns off the `Underlined` attribute.
NoUnderline = 24,
/// Turns off the text blinking (`SlowBlink` or `RapidBlink`).
NoBlink = 25,
/// Turns off the `Reverse` attribute.
NoReverse = 27,
/// Turns off the `Hidden` attribute.
NoHidden = 28,
/// Turns off the `CrossedOut` attribute.
NotCrossedOut = 29,
/// Makes the text framed.
Framed = 51,
/// Makes the text encircled.
Encircled = 52,
/// Draws a line at the top of the text.
OverLined = 53,
/// Turns off the `Frame` and `Encircled` attributes.
NotFramedOrEncircled = 54,
/// Turns off the `OverLined` attribute.
NotOverLined = 55,
}
impl Display for Attribute {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", SetAttribute(*self))?;
Ok(())
}
}
impl Attribute {
/// Returns a u32 with one bit set, which is the
/// signature of this attribute in the Attributes
/// bitset.
///
/// The +1 enables storing Reset (whose index is 0)
/// in the bitset Attributes.
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn bytes(self) -> u32 {
1 << ((self as u32) + 1)
}
/// Returns the SGR attribute value.
///
/// See <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR_parameters>
pub fn sgr(self) -> String {
if (self as usize) > 4 && (self as usize) < 9 {
return "4:".to_string() + SGR[self as usize].to_string().as_str();
}
SGR[self as usize].to_string()
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
use std::{
convert::{AsRef, TryFrom},
str::FromStr,
};
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use std::fmt;
use crate::style::parse_next_u8;
/// Represents a color.
///
/// # Platform-specific Notes
///
/// The following list of 16 base colors are available for almost all terminals (Windows 7 and 8 included).
///
/// | Light | Dark |
/// | :--------- | :------------ |
/// | `DarkGrey` | `Black` |
/// | `Red` | `DarkRed` |
/// | `Green` | `DarkGreen` |
/// | `Yellow` | `DarkYellow` |
/// | `Blue` | `DarkBlue` |
/// | `Magenta` | `DarkMagenta` |
/// | `Cyan` | `DarkCyan` |
/// | `White` | `Grey` |
///
/// Most UNIX terminals and Windows 10 consoles support additional colors.
/// See [`Color::Rgb`] or [`Color::AnsiValue`] for more info.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
pub enum Color {
/// Resets the terminal color.
Reset,
/// Black color.
Black,
/// Dark grey color.
DarkGrey,
/// Light red color.
Red,
/// Dark red color.
DarkRed,
/// Light green color.
Green,
/// Dark green color.
DarkGreen,
/// Light yellow color.
Yellow,
/// Dark yellow color.
DarkYellow,
/// Light blue color.
Blue,
/// Dark blue color.
DarkBlue,
/// Light magenta color.
Magenta,
/// Dark magenta color.
DarkMagenta,
/// Light cyan color.
Cyan,
/// Dark cyan color.
DarkCyan,
/// White color.
White,
/// Grey color.
Grey,
/// An RGB color. See [RGB color model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model) for more info.
///
/// Most UNIX terminals and Windows 10 supported only.
/// See [Platform-specific notes](enum.Color.html#platform-specific-notes) for more info.
Rgb { r: u8, g: u8, b: u8 },
/// An ANSI color. See [256 colors - cheat sheet](https://jonasjacek.github.io/colors/) for more info.
///
/// Most UNIX terminals and Windows 10 supported only.
/// See [Platform-specific notes](enum.Color.html#platform-specific-notes) for more info.
AnsiValue(u8),
}
impl Color {
/// Parses an ANSI color sequence.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossterm::style::Color;
///
/// assert_eq!(Color::parse_ansi("5;0"), Some(Color::Black));
/// assert_eq!(Color::parse_ansi("5;26"), Some(Color::AnsiValue(26)));
/// assert_eq!(Color::parse_ansi("2;50;60;70"), Some(Color::Rgb { r: 50, g: 60, b: 70 }));
/// assert_eq!(Color::parse_ansi("invalid color"), None);
/// ```
///
/// Currently, 3/4 bit color values aren't supported so return `None`.
///
/// See also: [`Colored::parse_ansi`](crate::style::Colored::parse_ansi).
pub fn parse_ansi(ansi: &str) -> Option<Self> {
Self::parse_ansi_iter(&mut ansi.split(';'))
}
/// The logic for parse_ansi, takes an iterator of the sequences terms (the numbers between the
/// ';'). It's a separate function so it can be used by both Color::parse_ansi and
/// colored::parse_ansi.
/// Tested in Colored tests.
pub(crate) fn parse_ansi_iter<'a>(values: &mut impl Iterator<Item = &'a str>) -> Option<Self> {
let color = match parse_next_u8(values)? {
// 8 bit colors: `5;<n>`
5 => {
let n = parse_next_u8(values)?;
use Color::*;
[
Black, // 0
DarkRed, // 1
DarkGreen, // 2
DarkYellow, // 3
DarkBlue, // 4
DarkMagenta, // 5
DarkCyan, // 6
Grey, // 7
DarkGrey, // 8
Red, // 9
Green, // 10
Yellow, // 11
Blue, // 12
Magenta, // 13
Cyan, // 14
White, // 15
]
.get(n as usize)
.copied()
.unwrap_or(Color::AnsiValue(n))
}
// 24 bit colors: `2;<r>;<g>;<b>`
2 => Color::Rgb {
r: parse_next_u8(values)?,
g: parse_next_u8(values)?,
b: parse_next_u8(values)?,
},
_ => return None,
};
// If there's another value, it's unexpected so return None.
if values.next().is_some() {
return None;
}
Some(color)
}
}
impl TryFrom<&str> for Color {
type Error = ();
/// Try to create a `Color` from the string representation. This returns an error if the string does not match.
fn try_from(src: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
let src = src.to_lowercase();
match src.as_ref() {
"reset" => Ok(Color::Reset),
"black" => Ok(Color::Black),
"dark_grey" => Ok(Color::DarkGrey),
"red" => Ok(Color::Red),
"dark_red" => Ok(Color::DarkRed),
"green" => Ok(Color::Green),
"dark_green" => Ok(Color::DarkGreen),
"yellow" => Ok(Color::Yellow),
"dark_yellow" => Ok(Color::DarkYellow),
"blue" => Ok(Color::Blue),
"dark_blue" => Ok(Color::DarkBlue),
"magenta" => Ok(Color::Magenta),
"dark_magenta" => Ok(Color::DarkMagenta),
"cyan" => Ok(Color::Cyan),
"dark_cyan" => Ok(Color::DarkCyan),
"white" => Ok(Color::White),
"grey" => Ok(Color::Grey),
_ => Err(()),
}
}
}
impl FromStr for Color {
type Err = ();
/// Creates a `Color` from the string representation.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// * Returns `Color::White` in case of an unknown color.
/// * Does not return `Err` and you can safely unwrap.
fn from_str(src: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
Ok(Color::try_from(src).unwrap_or(Color::White))
}
}
impl From<(u8, u8, u8)> for Color {
/// Creates a 'Color' from the tuple representation.
fn from(val: (u8, u8, u8)) -> Self {
let (r, g, b) = val;
Self::Rgb { r, g, b }
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
impl serde::ser::Serialize for Color {
fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
where
S: serde::ser::Serializer,
{
let str = match *self {
Color::Reset => "reset",
Color::Black => "black",
Color::DarkGrey => "dark_grey",
Color::Red => "red",
Color::DarkRed => "dark_red",
Color::Green => "green",
Color::DarkGreen => "dark_green",
Color::Yellow => "yellow",
Color::DarkYellow => "dark_yellow",
Color::Blue => "blue",
Color::DarkBlue => "dark_blue",
Color::Magenta => "magenta",
Color::DarkMagenta => "dark_magenta",
Color::Cyan => "cyan",
Color::DarkCyan => "dark_cyan",
Color::White => "white",
Color::Grey => "grey",
_ => "",
};
if str == "" {
match *self {
Color::AnsiValue(value) => {
return serializer.serialize_str(&format!("ansi_({})", value));
}
Color::Rgb { r, g, b } => {
return serializer.serialize_str(&format!("rgb_({},{},{})", r, g, b));
}
_ => {
return Err(serde::ser::Error::custom("Could not serialize enum type"));
}
}
} else {
return serializer.serialize_str(str);
}
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
impl<'de> serde::de::Deserialize<'de> for Color {
fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Color, D::Error>
where
D: serde::de::Deserializer<'de>,
{
struct ColorVisitor;
impl<'de> serde::de::Visitor<'de> for ColorVisitor {
type Value = Color;
fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
formatter.write_str(
"`reset`, `black`, `blue`, `dark_blue`, `cyan`, `dark_cyan`, `green`, `dark_green`, `grey`, `dark_grey`, `magenta`, `dark_magenta`, `red`, `dark_red`, `white`, `yellow`, `dark_yellow`, `ansi_(value)`, or `rgb_(r,g,b)` or `#rgbhex`",
)
}
fn visit_str<E>(self, value: &str) -> Result<Color, E>
where
E: serde::de::Error,
{
if let Ok(c) = Color::try_from(value) {
Ok(c)
} else {
if value.contains("ansi") {
// strip away `ansi_(..)' and get the inner value between parenthesis.
let results = value.replace("ansi_(", "").replace(")", "");
let ansi_val = results.parse::<u8>();
if let Ok(ansi) = ansi_val {
return Ok(Color::AnsiValue(ansi));
}
} else if value.contains("rgb") {
// strip away `rgb_(..)' and get the inner values between parenthesis.
let results = value
.replace("rgb_(", "")
.replace(")", "")
.split(',')
.map(|x| x.to_string())
.collect::<Vec<String>>();
if results.len() == 3 {
let r = results[0].parse::<u8>();
let g = results[1].parse::<u8>();
let b = results[2].parse::<u8>();
if r.is_ok() && g.is_ok() && b.is_ok() {
return Ok(Color::Rgb {
r: r.unwrap(),
g: g.unwrap(),
b: b.unwrap(),
});
}
}
} else if let Some(hex) = value.strip_prefix('#') {
if hex.is_ascii() && hex.len() == 6 {
let r = u8::from_str_radix(&hex[0..2], 16);
let g = u8::from_str_radix(&hex[2..4], 16);
let b = u8::from_str_radix(&hex[4..6], 16);
if r.is_ok() && g.is_ok() && b.is_ok() {
return Ok(Color::Rgb {
r: r.unwrap(),
g: g.unwrap(),
b: b.unwrap(),
});
}
}
}
Err(E::invalid_value(serde::de::Unexpected::Str(value), &self))
}
}
}
deserializer.deserialize_str(ColorVisitor)
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::Color;
#[test]
fn test_known_color_conversion() {
assert_eq!("reset".parse(), Ok(Color::Reset));
assert_eq!("grey".parse(), Ok(Color::Grey));
assert_eq!("dark_grey".parse(), Ok(Color::DarkGrey));
assert_eq!("red".parse(), Ok(Color::Red));
assert_eq!("dark_red".parse(), Ok(Color::DarkRed));
assert_eq!("green".parse(), Ok(Color::Green));
assert_eq!("dark_green".parse(), Ok(Color::DarkGreen));
assert_eq!("yellow".parse(), Ok(Color::Yellow));
assert_eq!("dark_yellow".parse(), Ok(Color::DarkYellow));
assert_eq!("blue".parse(), Ok(Color::Blue));
assert_eq!("dark_blue".parse(), Ok(Color::DarkBlue));
assert_eq!("magenta".parse(), Ok(Color::Magenta));
assert_eq!("dark_magenta".parse(), Ok(Color::DarkMagenta));
assert_eq!("cyan".parse(), Ok(Color::Cyan));
assert_eq!("dark_cyan".parse(), Ok(Color::DarkCyan));
assert_eq!("white".parse(), Ok(Color::White));
assert_eq!("black".parse(), Ok(Color::Black));
}
#[test]
fn test_unknown_color_conversion_yields_white() {
assert_eq!("foo".parse(), Ok(Color::White));
}
#[test]
fn test_know_rgb_color_conversion() {
assert_eq!(Color::from((0, 0, 0)), Color::Rgb { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0 });
assert_eq!(
Color::from((255, 255, 255)),
Color::Rgb {
r: 255,
g: 255,
b: 255
}
);
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
mod serde_tests {
use super::Color;
use serde_json;
#[test]
fn test_deserial_known_color_conversion() {
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"Reset\"").unwrap(),
Color::Reset
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"reset\"").unwrap(),
Color::Reset
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"Red\"").unwrap(),
Color::Red
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"red\"").unwrap(),
Color::Red
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"dark_red\"").unwrap(),
Color::DarkRed
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"grey\"").unwrap(),
Color::Grey
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"dark_grey\"").unwrap(),
Color::DarkGrey
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"green\"").unwrap(),
Color::Green
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"dark_green\"").unwrap(),
Color::DarkGreen
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"yellow\"").unwrap(),
Color::Yellow
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"dark_yellow\"").unwrap(),
Color::DarkYellow
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"blue\"").unwrap(),
Color::Blue
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"dark_blue\"").unwrap(),
Color::DarkBlue
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"magenta\"").unwrap(),
Color::Magenta
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"dark_magenta\"").unwrap(),
Color::DarkMagenta
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"cyan\"").unwrap(),
Color::Cyan
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"dark_cyan\"").unwrap(),
Color::DarkCyan
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"white\"").unwrap(),
Color::White
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"black\"").unwrap(),
Color::Black
);
}
#[test]
fn test_deserial_unknown_color_conversion() {
assert!(serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"unknown\"").is_err());
}
#[test]
fn test_deserial_ansi_value() {
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"ansi_(255)\"").unwrap(),
Color::AnsiValue(255)
);
}
#[test]
fn test_deserial_unvalid_ansi_value() {
assert!(serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"ansi_(256)\"").is_err());
assert!(serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"ansi_(-1)\"").is_err());
}
#[test]
fn test_deserial_rgb() {
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"rgb_(255,255,255)\"").unwrap(),
Color::from((255, 255, 255))
);
}
#[test]
fn test_deserial_unvalid_rgb() {
assert!(serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"rgb_(255,255,255,255)\"").is_err());
assert!(serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"rgb_(256,255,255)\"").is_err());
}
#[test]
fn test_deserial_rgb_hex() {
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"#ffffff\"").unwrap(),
Color::from((255, 255, 255))
);
assert_eq!(
serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"#FFFFFF\"").unwrap(),
Color::from((255, 255, 255))
);
}
#[test]
fn test_deserial_unvalid_rgb_hex() {
assert!(serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"#FFFFFFFF\"").is_err());
assert!(serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"#FFGFFF\"").is_err());
// Ferris is 4 bytes so this will be considered the correct length.
assert!(serde_json::from_str::<Color>("\"#ff🦀\"").is_err());
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
use parking_lot::Once;
use std::fmt::{self, Formatter};
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use crate::style::{parse_next_u8, Color};
/// Represents a foreground or background color.
///
/// This can be converted to a [Colors](struct.Colors.html) by calling `into()` and applied
/// using the [SetColors](struct.SetColors.html) command.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
pub enum Colored {
/// A foreground color.
ForegroundColor(Color),
/// A background color.
BackgroundColor(Color),
/// An underline color.
/// Imporant: doesnt work on windows 10 or lower.
UnderlineColor(Color),
}
static ANSI_COLOR_DISABLED: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
static INITIALIZER: Once = Once::new();
impl Colored {
/// Parse an ANSI foreground or background color.
/// This is the string that would appear within an `ESC [ <str> m` escape sequence, as found in
/// various configuration files.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossterm::style::{Colored::{self, ForegroundColor, BackgroundColor}, Color};
///
/// assert_eq!(Colored::parse_ansi("38;5;0"), Some(ForegroundColor(Color::Black)));
/// assert_eq!(Colored::parse_ansi("38;5;26"), Some(ForegroundColor(Color::AnsiValue(26))));
/// assert_eq!(Colored::parse_ansi("48;2;50;60;70"), Some(BackgroundColor(Color::Rgb { r: 50, g: 60, b: 70 })));
/// assert_eq!(Colored::parse_ansi("49"), Some(BackgroundColor(Color::Reset)));
/// assert_eq!(Colored::parse_ansi("invalid color"), None);
/// ```
///
/// Currently, 3/4 bit color values aren't supported so return `None`.
///
/// See also: [`Color::parse_ansi`].
pub fn parse_ansi(ansi: &str) -> Option<Self> {
use Colored::{BackgroundColor, ForegroundColor, UnderlineColor};
let values = &mut ansi.split(';');
let output = match parse_next_u8(values)? {
38 => return Color::parse_ansi_iter(values).map(ForegroundColor),
48 => return Color::parse_ansi_iter(values).map(BackgroundColor),
58 => return Color::parse_ansi_iter(values).map(UnderlineColor),
39 => ForegroundColor(Color::Reset),
49 => BackgroundColor(Color::Reset),
59 => UnderlineColor(Color::Reset),
_ => return None,
};
if values.next().is_some() {
return None;
}
Some(output)
}
/// Checks whether ansi color sequences are disabled by setting of NO_COLOR
/// in environment as per https://no-color.org/
pub fn ansi_color_disabled() -> bool {
!std::env::var("NO_COLOR")
.unwrap_or("".to_string())
.is_empty()
}
pub fn ansi_color_disabled_memoized() -> bool {
INITIALIZER.call_once(|| {
ANSI_COLOR_DISABLED.store(Self::ansi_color_disabled(), Ordering::SeqCst);
});
ANSI_COLOR_DISABLED.load(Ordering::SeqCst)
}
pub fn set_ansi_color_disabled(val: bool) {
// Force the one-time initializer to run.
_ = Self::ansi_color_disabled_memoized();
ANSI_COLOR_DISABLED.store(val, Ordering::SeqCst);
}
}
impl fmt::Display for Colored {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let color;
if Self::ansi_color_disabled_memoized() {
return Ok(());
}
match *self {
Colored::ForegroundColor(new_color) => {
if new_color == Color::Reset {
return f.write_str("39");
} else {
f.write_str("38;")?;
color = new_color;
}
}
Colored::BackgroundColor(new_color) => {
if new_color == Color::Reset {
return f.write_str("49");
} else {
f.write_str("48;")?;
color = new_color;
}
}
Colored::UnderlineColor(new_color) => {
if new_color == Color::Reset {
return f.write_str("59");
} else {
f.write_str("58;")?;
color = new_color;
}
}
}
match color {
Color::Black => f.write_str("5;0"),
Color::DarkGrey => f.write_str("5;8"),
Color::Red => f.write_str("5;9"),
Color::DarkRed => f.write_str("5;1"),
Color::Green => f.write_str("5;10"),
Color::DarkGreen => f.write_str("5;2"),
Color::Yellow => f.write_str("5;11"),
Color::DarkYellow => f.write_str("5;3"),
Color::Blue => f.write_str("5;12"),
Color::DarkBlue => f.write_str("5;4"),
Color::Magenta => f.write_str("5;13"),
Color::DarkMagenta => f.write_str("5;5"),
Color::Cyan => f.write_str("5;14"),
Color::DarkCyan => f.write_str("5;6"),
Color::White => f.write_str("5;15"),
Color::Grey => f.write_str("5;7"),
Color::Rgb { r, g, b } => write!(f, "2;{r};{g};{b}"),
Color::AnsiValue(val) => write!(f, "5;{val}"),
_ => Ok(()),
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use crate::style::{Color, Colored};
fn check_format_color(colored: Colored, expected: &str) {
Colored::set_ansi_color_disabled(true);
assert_eq!(colored.to_string(), "");
Colored::set_ansi_color_disabled(false);
assert_eq!(colored.to_string(), expected);
}
#[test]
fn test_format_fg_color() {
let colored = Colored::ForegroundColor(Color::Red);
check_format_color(colored, "38;5;9");
}
#[test]
fn test_format_bg_color() {
let colored = Colored::BackgroundColor(Color::Red);
check_format_color(colored, "48;5;9");
}
#[test]
fn test_format_reset_fg_color() {
let colored = Colored::ForegroundColor(Color::Reset);
check_format_color(colored, "39");
}
#[test]
fn test_format_reset_bg_color() {
let colored = Colored::BackgroundColor(Color::Reset);
check_format_color(colored, "49");
}
#[test]
fn test_format_fg_rgb_color() {
let colored = Colored::BackgroundColor(Color::Rgb { r: 1, g: 2, b: 3 });
check_format_color(colored, "48;2;1;2;3");
}
#[test]
fn test_format_fg_ansi_color() {
let colored = Colored::ForegroundColor(Color::AnsiValue(255));
check_format_color(colored, "38;5;255");
}
#[test]
fn test_parse_ansi_fg() {
test_parse_ansi(Colored::ForegroundColor)
}
#[test]
fn test_parse_ansi_bg() {
test_parse_ansi(Colored::ForegroundColor)
}
/// Used for test_parse_ansi_fg and test_parse_ansi_bg
fn test_parse_ansi(bg_or_fg: impl Fn(Color) -> Colored) {
/// Formats a re-parses `color` to check the result.
macro_rules! test {
($color:expr) => {
let colored = bg_or_fg($color);
assert_eq!(Colored::parse_ansi(&format!("{}", colored)), Some(colored));
};
}
use Color::*;
test!(Reset);
test!(Black);
test!(DarkGrey);
test!(Red);
test!(DarkRed);
test!(Green);
test!(DarkGreen);
test!(Yellow);
test!(DarkYellow);
test!(Blue);
test!(DarkBlue);
test!(Magenta);
test!(DarkMagenta);
test!(Cyan);
test!(DarkCyan);
test!(White);
test!(Grey);
// n in 0..=15 will give us the color values above back.
for n in 16..=255 {
test!(AnsiValue(n));
}
for r in 0..=255 {
for g in [0, 2, 18, 19, 60, 100, 200, 250, 254, 255].iter().copied() {
for b in [0, 12, 16, 99, 100, 161, 200, 255].iter().copied() {
test!(Rgb { r, g, b });
}
}
}
}
#[test]
fn test_parse_invalid_ansi_color() {
/// Checks that trying to parse `s` yields None.
fn test(s: &str) {
assert_eq!(Colored::parse_ansi(s), None);
}
test("");
test(";");
test(";;");
test(";;");
test("0");
test("1");
test("12");
test("100");
test("100048949345");
test("39;");
test("49;");
test("39;2");
test("49;2");
test("38");
test("38;");
test("38;0");
test("38;5");
test("38;5;0;");
test("38;5;0;2");
test("38;5;80;");
test("38;5;80;2");
test("38;5;257");
test("38;2");
test("38;2;");
test("38;2;0");
test("38;2;0;2");
test("38;2;0;2;257");
test("38;2;0;2;25;");
test("38;2;0;2;25;3");
test("48");
test("48;");
test("48;0");
test("48;5");
test("48;5;0;");
test("48;5;0;2");
test("48;5;80;");
test("48;5;80;2");
test("48;5;257");
test("48;2");
test("48;2;");
test("48;2;0");
test("48;2;0;2");
test("48;2;0;2;257");
test("48;2;0;2;25;");
test("48;2;0;2;25;3");
}
#[test]
fn test_no_color() {
std::env::set_var("NO_COLOR", "1");
assert!(Colored::ansi_color_disabled());
std::env::set_var("NO_COLOR", "XXX");
assert!(Colored::ansi_color_disabled());
std::env::set_var("NO_COLOR", "");
assert!(!Colored::ansi_color_disabled());
std::env::remove_var("NO_COLOR");
assert!(!Colored::ansi_color_disabled());
}
}

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use crate::style::{Color, Colored};
/// Represents, optionally, a foreground and/or a background color.
///
/// It can be applied using the `SetColors` command.
///
/// It can also be created from a [Colored](enum.Colored.html) value or a tuple of
/// `(Color, Color)` in the order `(foreground, background)`.
///
/// The [then](#method.then) method can be used to combine `Colors` values.
///
/// For example:
/// ```no_run
/// use crossterm::style::{Color, Colors, Colored};
///
/// // An example color, loaded from a config, file in ANSI format.
/// let config_color = "38;2;23;147;209";
///
/// // Default to green text on a black background.
/// let default_colors = Colors::new(Color::Green, Color::Black);
/// // Load a colored value from a config and override the default colors
/// let colors = match Colored::parse_ansi(config_color) {
/// Some(colored) => default_colors.then(&colored.into()),
/// None => default_colors,
/// };
/// ```
///
/// See [Color](enum.Color.html).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Colors {
pub foreground: Option<Color>,
pub background: Option<Color>,
}
impl Colors {
/// Returns a new `Color` which, when applied, has the same effect as applying `self` and *then*
/// `other`.
pub fn then(&self, other: &Colors) -> Colors {
Colors {
foreground: other.foreground.or(self.foreground),
background: other.background.or(self.background),
}
}
}
impl Colors {
pub fn new(foreground: Color, background: Color) -> Colors {
Colors {
foreground: Some(foreground),
background: Some(background),
}
}
}
impl From<Colored> for Colors {
fn from(colored: Colored) -> Colors {
match colored {
Colored::ForegroundColor(color) => Colors {
foreground: Some(color),
background: None,
},
Colored::BackgroundColor(color) => Colors {
foreground: None,
background: Some(color),
},
Colored::UnderlineColor(color) => Colors {
foreground: None,
background: Some(color),
},
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use crate::style::{Color, Colors};
#[test]
fn test_colors_then() {
use Color::*;
assert_eq!(
Colors {
foreground: None,
background: None,
}
.then(&Colors {
foreground: None,
background: None,
}),
Colors {
foreground: None,
background: None,
}
);
assert_eq!(
Colors {
foreground: None,
background: None,
}
.then(&Colors {
foreground: Some(Black),
background: None,
}),
Colors {
foreground: Some(Black),
background: None,
}
);
assert_eq!(
Colors {
foreground: None,
background: None,
}
.then(&Colors {
foreground: None,
background: Some(Grey),
}),
Colors {
foreground: None,
background: Some(Grey),
}
);
assert_eq!(
Colors {
foreground: None,
background: None,
}
.then(&Colors::new(White, Grey)),
Colors::new(White, Grey),
);
assert_eq!(
Colors {
foreground: None,
background: Some(Blue),
}
.then(&Colors::new(White, Grey)),
Colors::new(White, Grey),
);
assert_eq!(
Colors {
foreground: Some(Blue),
background: None,
}
.then(&Colors::new(White, Grey)),
Colors::new(White, Grey),
);
assert_eq!(
Colors::new(Blue, Green).then(&Colors::new(White, Grey)),
Colors::new(White, Grey),
);
assert_eq!(
Colors {
foreground: Some(Blue),
background: Some(Green),
}
.then(&Colors {
foreground: None,
background: Some(Grey),
}),
Colors {
foreground: Some(Blue),
background: Some(Grey),
}
);
assert_eq!(
Colors {
foreground: Some(Blue),
background: Some(Green),
}
.then(&Colors {
foreground: Some(White),
background: None,
}),
Colors {
foreground: Some(White),
background: Some(Green),
}
);
assert_eq!(
Colors {
foreground: Some(Blue),
background: Some(Green),
}
.then(&Colors {
foreground: None,
background: None,
}),
Colors {
foreground: Some(Blue),
background: Some(Green),
}
);
assert_eq!(
Colors {
foreground: None,
background: Some(Green),
}
.then(&Colors {
foreground: None,
background: None,
}),
Colors {
foreground: None,
background: Some(Green),
}
);
assert_eq!(
Colors {
foreground: Some(Blue),
background: None,
}
.then(&Colors {
foreground: None,
background: None,
}),
Colors {
foreground: Some(Blue),
background: None,
}
);
}
}

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//! # Terminal
//!
//! The `terminal` module provides functionality to work with the terminal.
//!
//! This documentation does not contain a lot of examples. The reason is that it's fairly
//! obvious how to use this crate. Although, we do provide
//! [examples](https://github.com/crossterm-rs/crossterm/tree/master/examples) repository
//! to demonstrate the capabilities.
//!
//! Most terminal actions can be performed with commands.
//! Please have a look at [command documentation](../index.html#command-api) for a more detailed documentation.
//!
//! ## Screen Buffer
//!
//! A screen buffer is a two-dimensional array of character
//! and color data which is displayed in a terminal screen.
//!
//! The terminal has several of those buffers and is able to switch between them.
//! The default screen in which you work is called the 'main screen'.
//! The other screens are called the 'alternative screen'.
//!
//! It is important to understand that crossterm does not yet support creating screens,
//! or switch between more than two buffers, and only offers the ability to change
//! between the 'alternate' and 'main screen'.
//!
//! ### Alternate Screen
//!
//! By default, you will be working on the main screen.
//! There is also another screen called the 'alternative' screen.
//! This screen is slightly different from the main screen.
//! For example, it has the exact dimensions of the terminal window,
//! without any scroll-back area.
//!
//! Crossterm offers the possibility to switch to the 'alternative' screen,
//! make some modifications, and move back to the 'main' screen again.
//! The main screen will stay intact and will have the original data as we performed all
//! operations on the alternative screen.
//!
//! An good example of this is Vim.
//! When it is launched from bash, a whole new buffer is used to modify a file.
//! Then, when the modification is finished, it closes again and continues on the main screen.
//!
//! ### Raw Mode
//!
//! By default, the terminal functions in a certain way.
//! For example, it will move the cursor to the beginning of the next line when the input hits the end of a line.
//! Or that the backspace is interpreted for character removal.
//!
//! Sometimes these default modes are irrelevant,
//! and in this case, we can turn them off.
//! This is what happens when you enable raw modes.
//!
//! Those modes will be set when enabling raw modes:
//!
//! - Input will not be forwarded to screen
//! - Input will not be processed on enter press
//! - Input will not be line buffered (input sent byte-by-byte to input buffer)
//! - Special keys like backspace and CTRL+C will not be processed by terminal driver
//! - New line character will not be processed therefore `println!` can't be used, use `write!` instead
//!
//! Raw mode can be enabled/disabled with the [enable_raw_mode](terminal::enable_raw_mode) and [disable_raw_mode](terminal::disable_raw_mode) functions.
//!
//! ## Examples
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use std::io::{self, Write};
//! use crossterm::{execute, terminal::{ScrollUp, SetSize, size}};
//!
//! fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
//! let (cols, rows) = size()?;
//! // Resize terminal and scroll up.
//! execute!(
//! io::stdout(),
//! SetSize(10, 10),
//! ScrollUp(5)
//! )?;
//!
//! // Be a good citizen, cleanup
//! execute!(io::stdout(), SetSize(cols, rows))?;
//! Ok(())
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! For manual execution control check out [crossterm::queue](../macro.queue.html).
use std::{fmt, io};
#[cfg(windows)]
use crossterm_winapi::{ConsoleMode, Handle, ScreenBuffer};
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
#[cfg(windows)]
use winapi::um::wincon::ENABLE_WRAP_AT_EOL_OUTPUT;
#[doc(no_inline)]
use crate::Command;
use crate::{csi, impl_display};
pub(crate) mod sys;
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
pub use sys::supports_keyboard_enhancement;
/// Tells whether the raw mode is enabled.
///
/// Please have a look at the [raw mode](./index.html#raw-mode) section.
pub fn is_raw_mode_enabled() -> io::Result<bool> {
#[cfg(unix)]
{
Ok(sys::is_raw_mode_enabled())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
{
sys::is_raw_mode_enabled()
}
}
/// Enables raw mode.
///
/// Please have a look at the [raw mode](./index.html#raw-mode) section.
pub fn enable_raw_mode() -> io::Result<()> {
sys::enable_raw_mode()
}
/// Disables raw mode.
///
/// Please have a look at the [raw mode](./index.html#raw-mode) section.
pub fn disable_raw_mode() -> io::Result<()> {
sys::disable_raw_mode()
}
/// Returns the terminal size `(columns, rows)`.
///
/// The top left cell is represented `(1, 1)`.
pub fn size() -> io::Result<(u16, u16)> {
sys::size()
}
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct WindowSize {
pub rows: u16,
pub columns: u16,
pub width: u16,
pub height: u16,
}
/// Returns the terminal size `[WindowSize]`.
///
/// The width and height in pixels may not be reliably implemented or default to 0.
/// For unix, https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man4/tty_ioctl.4.html documents them as "unused".
/// For windows it is not implemented.
pub fn window_size() -> io::Result<WindowSize> {
sys::window_size()
}
/// Disables line wrapping.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct DisableLineWrap;
impl Command for DisableLineWrap {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?7l"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
let screen_buffer = ScreenBuffer::current()?;
let console_mode = ConsoleMode::from(screen_buffer.handle().clone());
let new_mode = console_mode.mode()? & !ENABLE_WRAP_AT_EOL_OUTPUT;
console_mode.set_mode(new_mode)?;
Ok(())
}
}
/// Enable line wrapping.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct EnableLineWrap;
impl Command for EnableLineWrap {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?7h"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
let screen_buffer = ScreenBuffer::current()?;
let console_mode = ConsoleMode::from(screen_buffer.handle().clone());
let new_mode = console_mode.mode()? | ENABLE_WRAP_AT_EOL_OUTPUT;
console_mode.set_mode(new_mode)?;
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that switches to alternate screen.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
/// * Use [LeaveAlternateScreen](./struct.LeaveAlternateScreen.html) command to leave the entered alternate screen.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::{self, Write};
/// use crossterm::{execute, terminal::{EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen}};
///
/// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
/// execute!(io::stdout(), EnterAlternateScreen)?;
///
/// // Do anything on the alternate screen
///
/// execute!(io::stdout(), LeaveAlternateScreen)
/// }
/// ```
///
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct EnterAlternateScreen;
impl Command for EnterAlternateScreen {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?1049h"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
let alternate_screen = ScreenBuffer::create()?;
alternate_screen.show()?;
Ok(())
}
}
/// A command that switches back to the main screen.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
/// * Use [EnterAlternateScreen](./struct.EnterAlternateScreen.html) to enter the alternate screen.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::{self, Write};
/// use crossterm::{execute, terminal::{EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen}};
///
/// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
/// execute!(io::stdout(), EnterAlternateScreen)?;
///
/// // Do anything on the alternate screen
///
/// execute!(io::stdout(), LeaveAlternateScreen)
/// }
/// ```
///
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct LeaveAlternateScreen;
impl Command for LeaveAlternateScreen {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?1049l"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
let screen_buffer = ScreenBuffer::from(Handle::current_out_handle()?);
screen_buffer.show()?;
Ok(())
}
}
/// Different ways to clear the terminal buffer.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
pub enum ClearType {
/// All cells.
All,
/// All plus history
Purge,
/// All cells from the cursor position downwards.
FromCursorDown,
/// All cells from the cursor position upwards.
FromCursorUp,
/// All cells at the cursor row.
CurrentLine,
/// All cells from the cursor position until the new line.
UntilNewLine,
}
/// A command that scrolls the terminal screen a given number of rows up.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ScrollUp(pub u16);
impl Command for ScrollUp {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
if self.0 != 0 {
write!(f, csi!("{}S"), self.0)?;
}
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
sys::scroll_up(self.0)
}
}
/// A command that scrolls the terminal screen a given number of rows down.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ScrollDown(pub u16);
impl Command for ScrollDown {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
if self.0 != 0 {
write!(f, csi!("{}T"), self.0)?;
}
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
sys::scroll_down(self.0)
}
}
/// A command that clears the terminal screen buffer.
///
/// See the [`ClearType`](enum.ClearType.html) enum.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Clear(pub ClearType);
impl Command for Clear {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(match self.0 {
ClearType::All => csi!("2J"),
ClearType::Purge => csi!("3J"),
ClearType::FromCursorDown => csi!("J"),
ClearType::FromCursorUp => csi!("1J"),
ClearType::CurrentLine => csi!("2K"),
ClearType::UntilNewLine => csi!("K"),
})
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
sys::clear(self.0)
}
}
/// A command that sets the terminal buffer size `(columns, rows)`.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SetSize(pub u16, pub u16);
impl Command for SetSize {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, csi!("8;{};{}t"), self.1, self.0)
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
sys::set_size(self.0, self.1)
}
}
/// A command that sets the terminal title
///
/// # Notes
///
/// Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SetTitle<T>(pub T);
impl<T: fmt::Display> Command for SetTitle<T> {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "\x1B]0;{}\x07", &self.0)
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
sys::set_window_title(&self.0)
}
}
/// A command that instructs the terminal emulator to begin a synchronized frame.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
/// * Use [EndSynchronizedUpdate](./struct.EndSynchronizedUpdate.html) command to leave the entered alternate screen.
///
/// When rendering the screen of the terminal, the Emulator usually iterates through each visible grid cell and
/// renders its current state. With applications updating the screen at a higher frequency this can cause tearing.
///
/// This mode attempts to mitigate that.
///
/// When the synchronization mode is enabled following render calls will keep rendering the last rendered state.
/// The terminal Emulator keeps processing incoming text and sequences. When the synchronized update mode is disabled
/// again the renderer may fetch the latest screen buffer state again, effectively avoiding the tearing effect
/// by unintentionally rendering in the middle a of an application screen update.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::{self, Write};
/// use crossterm::{execute, terminal::{BeginSynchronizedUpdate, EndSynchronizedUpdate}};
///
/// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
/// execute!(io::stdout(), BeginSynchronizedUpdate)?;
///
/// // Anything performed here will not be rendered until EndSynchronizedUpdate is called.
///
/// execute!(io::stdout(), EndSynchronizedUpdate)?;
/// Ok(())
/// }
/// ```
///
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct BeginSynchronizedUpdate;
impl Command for BeginSynchronizedUpdate {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?2026h"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
#[inline]
fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
true
}
}
/// A command that instructs the terminal to end a synchronized frame.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// * Commands must be executed/queued for execution otherwise they do nothing.
/// * Use [BeginSynchronizedUpdate](./struct.BeginSynchronizedUpdate.html) to enter the alternate screen.
///
/// When rendering the screen of the terminal, the Emulator usually iterates through each visible grid cell and
/// renders its current state. With applications updating the screen a at higher frequency this can cause tearing.
///
/// This mode attempts to mitigate that.
///
/// When the synchronization mode is enabled following render calls will keep rendering the last rendered state.
/// The terminal Emulator keeps processing incoming text and sequences. When the synchronized update mode is disabled
/// again the renderer may fetch the latest screen buffer state again, effectively avoiding the tearing effect
/// by unintentionally rendering in the middle a of an application screen update.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::io::{self, Write};
/// use crossterm::{execute, terminal::{BeginSynchronizedUpdate, EndSynchronizedUpdate}};
///
/// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
/// execute!(io::stdout(), BeginSynchronizedUpdate)?;
///
/// // Anything performed here will not be rendered until EndSynchronizedUpdate is called.
///
/// execute!(io::stdout(), EndSynchronizedUpdate)?;
/// Ok(())
/// }
/// ```
///
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct EndSynchronizedUpdate;
impl Command for EndSynchronizedUpdate {
fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(csi!("?2026l"))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn execute_winapi(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(windows)]
#[inline]
fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
true
}
}
impl_display!(for ScrollUp);
impl_display!(for ScrollDown);
impl_display!(for SetSize);
impl_display!(for Clear);
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use std::{io::stdout, thread, time};
use crate::execute;
use super::*;
// Test is disabled, because it's failing on Travis CI
#[test]
#[ignore]
fn test_resize_ansi() {
let (width, height) = size().unwrap();
execute!(stdout(), SetSize(35, 35)).unwrap();
// see issue: https://github.com/eminence/terminal-size/issues/11
thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(30));
assert_eq!((35, 35), size().unwrap());
// reset to previous size
execute!(stdout(), SetSize(width, height)).unwrap();
// see issue: https://github.com/eminence/terminal-size/issues/11
thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(30));
assert_eq!((width, height), size().unwrap());
}
#[test]
fn test_raw_mode() {
// check we start from normal mode (may fail on some test harnesses)
assert!(!is_raw_mode_enabled().unwrap());
// enable the raw mode
if enable_raw_mode().is_err() {
// Enabling raw mode doesn't work on the ci
// So we just ignore it
return;
}
// check it worked (on unix it doesn't really check the underlying
// tty but rather check that the code is consistent)
assert!(is_raw_mode_enabled().unwrap());
// enable it again, this should not change anything
enable_raw_mode().unwrap();
// check we're still in raw mode
assert!(is_raw_mode_enabled().unwrap());
// now let's disable it
disable_raw_mode().unwrap();
// check we're back to normal mode
assert!(!is_raw_mode_enabled().unwrap());
}
}

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//! This module provides platform related functions.
#[cfg(unix)]
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
pub use self::unix::supports_keyboard_enhancement;
#[cfg(unix)]
pub(crate) use self::unix::{
disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, is_raw_mode_enabled, size, window_size,
};
#[cfg(windows)]
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
pub use self::windows::supports_keyboard_enhancement;
#[cfg(all(windows, test))]
pub(crate) use self::windows::temp_screen_buffer;
#[cfg(windows)]
pub(crate) use self::windows::{
clear, disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, is_raw_mode_enabled, scroll_down, scroll_up,
set_size, set_window_title, size, window_size,
};
#[cfg(windows)]
mod windows;
#[cfg(unix)]
pub mod file_descriptor;
#[cfg(unix)]
mod unix;

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use std::{
fs, io,
os::unix::{
io::{IntoRawFd, RawFd},
prelude::AsRawFd,
},
};
use libc::size_t;
/// A file descriptor wrapper.
///
/// It allows to retrieve raw file descriptor, write to the file descriptor and
/// mainly it closes the file descriptor once dropped.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct FileDesc {
fd: RawFd,
close_on_drop: bool,
}
impl FileDesc {
/// Constructs a new `FileDesc` with the given `RawFd`.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `fd` - raw file descriptor
/// * `close_on_drop` - specify if the raw file descriptor should be closed once the `FileDesc` is dropped
pub fn new(fd: RawFd, close_on_drop: bool) -> FileDesc {
FileDesc { fd, close_on_drop }
}
pub fn read(&self, buffer: &mut [u8], size: usize) -> io::Result<usize> {
let result = unsafe {
libc::read(
self.fd,
buffer.as_mut_ptr() as *mut libc::c_void,
size as size_t,
)
};
if result < 0 {
Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
} else {
Ok(result as usize)
}
}
/// Returns the underlying file descriptor.
pub fn raw_fd(&self) -> RawFd {
self.fd
}
}
impl Drop for FileDesc {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if self.close_on_drop {
// Note that errors are ignored when closing a file descriptor. The
// reason for this is that if an error occurs we don't actually know if
// the file descriptor was closed or not, and if we retried (for
// something like EINTR), we might close another valid file descriptor
// opened after we closed ours.
let _ = unsafe { libc::close(self.fd) };
}
}
}
impl AsRawFd for FileDesc {
fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> RawFd {
self.raw_fd()
}
}
/// Creates a file descriptor pointing to the standard input or `/dev/tty`.
pub fn tty_fd() -> io::Result<FileDesc> {
let (fd, close_on_drop) = if unsafe { libc::isatty(libc::STDIN_FILENO) == 1 } {
(libc::STDIN_FILENO, false)
} else {
(
fs::OpenOptions::new()
.read(true)
.write(true)
.open("/dev/tty")?
.into_raw_fd(),
true,
)
};
Ok(FileDesc::new(fd, close_on_drop))
}

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//! UNIX related logic for terminal manipulation.
use crate::terminal::{
sys::file_descriptor::{tty_fd, FileDesc},
WindowSize,
};
use libc::{
cfmakeraw, ioctl, tcgetattr, tcsetattr, termios as Termios, winsize, STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW,
TIOCGWINSZ,
};
use parking_lot::Mutex;
use std::fs::File;
use std::os::unix::io::{IntoRawFd, RawFd};
use std::{io, mem, process};
// Some(Termios) -> we're in the raw mode and this is the previous mode
// None -> we're not in the raw mode
static TERMINAL_MODE_PRIOR_RAW_MODE: Mutex<Option<Termios>> = parking_lot::const_mutex(None);
pub(crate) fn is_raw_mode_enabled() -> bool {
TERMINAL_MODE_PRIOR_RAW_MODE.lock().is_some()
}
impl From<winsize> for WindowSize {
fn from(size: winsize) -> WindowSize {
WindowSize {
columns: size.ws_col,
rows: size.ws_row,
width: size.ws_xpixel,
height: size.ws_ypixel,
}
}
}
#[allow(clippy::useless_conversion)]
pub(crate) fn window_size() -> io::Result<WindowSize> {
// http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Terminal_control/Dimensions#Library:_BSD_libc
let mut size = winsize {
ws_row: 0,
ws_col: 0,
ws_xpixel: 0,
ws_ypixel: 0,
};
let file = File::open("/dev/tty").map(|file| (FileDesc::new(file.into_raw_fd(), true)));
let fd = if let Ok(file) = &file {
file.raw_fd()
} else {
// Fallback to libc::STDOUT_FILENO if /dev/tty is missing
STDOUT_FILENO
};
if wrap_with_result(unsafe { ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ.into(), &mut size) }).is_ok() {
return Ok(size.into());
}
Err(std::io::Error::last_os_error().into())
}
#[allow(clippy::useless_conversion)]
pub(crate) fn size() -> io::Result<(u16, u16)> {
if let Ok(window_size) = window_size() {
return Ok((window_size.columns, window_size.rows));
}
tput_size().ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::last_os_error().into())
}
pub(crate) fn enable_raw_mode() -> io::Result<()> {
let mut original_mode = TERMINAL_MODE_PRIOR_RAW_MODE.lock();
if original_mode.is_some() {
return Ok(());
}
let tty = tty_fd()?;
let fd = tty.raw_fd();
let mut ios = get_terminal_attr(fd)?;
let original_mode_ios = ios;
raw_terminal_attr(&mut ios);
set_terminal_attr(fd, &ios)?;
// Keep it last - set the original mode only if we were able to switch to the raw mode
*original_mode = Some(original_mode_ios);
Ok(())
}
/// Reset the raw mode.
///
/// More precisely, reset the whole termios mode to what it was before the first call
/// to [enable_raw_mode]. If you don't mess with termios outside of crossterm, it's
/// effectively disabling the raw mode and doing nothing else.
pub(crate) fn disable_raw_mode() -> io::Result<()> {
let mut original_mode = TERMINAL_MODE_PRIOR_RAW_MODE.lock();
if let Some(original_mode_ios) = original_mode.as_ref() {
let tty = tty_fd()?;
set_terminal_attr(tty.raw_fd(), original_mode_ios)?;
// Keep it last - remove the original mode only if we were able to switch back
*original_mode = None;
}
Ok(())
}
/// Queries the terminal's support for progressive keyboard enhancement.
///
/// On unix systems, this function will block and possibly time out while
/// [`crossterm::event::read`](crate::event::read) or [`crossterm::event::poll`](crate::event::poll) are being called.
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
pub fn supports_keyboard_enhancement() -> io::Result<bool> {
if is_raw_mode_enabled() {
read_supports_keyboard_enhancement_raw()
} else {
read_supports_keyboard_enhancement_flags()
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
fn read_supports_keyboard_enhancement_flags() -> io::Result<bool> {
enable_raw_mode()?;
let flags = read_supports_keyboard_enhancement_raw();
disable_raw_mode()?;
flags
}
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
fn read_supports_keyboard_enhancement_raw() -> io::Result<bool> {
use crate::event::{
filter::{KeyboardEnhancementFlagsFilter, PrimaryDeviceAttributesFilter},
poll_internal, read_internal, InternalEvent,
};
use std::io::Write;
use std::time::Duration;
// This is the recommended method for testing support for the keyboard enhancement protocol.
// We send a query for the flags supported by the terminal and then the primary device attributes
// query. If we receive the primary device attributes response but not the keyboard enhancement
// flags, none of the flags are supported.
//
// See <https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/keyboard-protocol/#detection-of-support-for-this-protocol>
// ESC [ ? u Query progressive keyboard enhancement flags (kitty protocol).
// ESC [ c Query primary device attributes.
const QUERY: &[u8] = b"\x1B[?u\x1B[c";
let result = File::open("/dev/tty").and_then(|mut file| {
file.write_all(QUERY)?;
file.flush()
});
if result.is_err() {
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
stdout.write_all(QUERY)?;
stdout.flush()?;
}
loop {
match poll_internal(
Some(Duration::from_millis(2000)),
&KeyboardEnhancementFlagsFilter,
) {
Ok(true) => {
match read_internal(&KeyboardEnhancementFlagsFilter) {
Ok(InternalEvent::KeyboardEnhancementFlags(_current_flags)) => {
// Flush the PrimaryDeviceAttributes out of the event queue.
read_internal(&PrimaryDeviceAttributesFilter).ok();
return Ok(true);
}
_ => return Ok(false),
}
}
Ok(false) => {
return Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::Other,
"The keyboard enhancement status could not be read within a normal duration",
));
}
Err(_) => {}
}
}
}
/// execute tput with the given argument and parse
/// the output as a u16.
///
/// The arg should be "cols" or "lines"
fn tput_value(arg: &str) -> Option<u16> {
let output = process::Command::new("tput").arg(arg).output().ok()?;
let value = output
.stdout
.into_iter()
.filter_map(|b| char::from(b).to_digit(10))
.fold(0, |v, n| v * 10 + n as u16);
if value > 0 {
Some(value)
} else {
None
}
}
/// Returns the size of the screen as determined by tput.
///
/// This alternate way of computing the size is useful
/// when in a subshell.
fn tput_size() -> Option<(u16, u16)> {
match (tput_value("cols"), tput_value("lines")) {
(Some(w), Some(h)) => Some((w, h)),
_ => None,
}
}
// Transform the given mode into an raw mode (non-canonical) mode.
fn raw_terminal_attr(termios: &mut Termios) {
unsafe { cfmakeraw(termios) }
}
fn get_terminal_attr(fd: RawFd) -> io::Result<Termios> {
unsafe {
let mut termios = mem::zeroed();
wrap_with_result(tcgetattr(fd, &mut termios))?;
Ok(termios)
}
}
fn set_terminal_attr(fd: RawFd, termios: &Termios) -> io::Result<()> {
wrap_with_result(unsafe { tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, termios) })
}
fn wrap_with_result(result: i32) -> io::Result<()> {
if result == -1 {
Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
} else {
Ok(())
}
}

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//! WinAPI related logic for terminal manipulation.
use std::fmt::{self, Write};
use std::io::{self};
use crossterm_winapi::{Console, ConsoleMode, Coord, Handle, ScreenBuffer, Size};
use winapi::{
shared::minwindef::DWORD,
um::wincon::{SetConsoleTitleW, ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT, ENABLE_LINE_INPUT, ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT},
};
use crate::{
cursor,
terminal::{ClearType, WindowSize},
};
/// bits which can't be set in raw mode
const NOT_RAW_MODE_MASK: DWORD = ENABLE_LINE_INPUT | ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT | ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT;
pub(crate) fn is_raw_mode_enabled() -> std::io::Result<bool> {
let console_mode = ConsoleMode::from(Handle::current_in_handle()?);
let dw_mode = console_mode.mode()?;
Ok(
// check none of the "not raw" bits is set
dw_mode & NOT_RAW_MODE_MASK == 0,
)
}
pub(crate) fn enable_raw_mode() -> std::io::Result<()> {
let console_mode = ConsoleMode::from(Handle::current_in_handle()?);
let dw_mode = console_mode.mode()?;
let new_mode = dw_mode & !NOT_RAW_MODE_MASK;
console_mode.set_mode(new_mode)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn disable_raw_mode() -> std::io::Result<()> {
let console_mode = ConsoleMode::from(Handle::current_in_handle()?);
let dw_mode = console_mode.mode()?;
let new_mode = dw_mode | NOT_RAW_MODE_MASK;
console_mode.set_mode(new_mode)?;
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn size() -> io::Result<(u16, u16)> {
let terminal_size = ScreenBuffer::current()?.info()?.terminal_size();
// windows starts counting at 0, unix at 1, add one to replicated unix behaviour.
Ok((
(terminal_size.width + 1) as u16,
(terminal_size.height + 1) as u16,
))
}
pub(crate) fn window_size() -> io::Result<WindowSize> {
Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::Unsupported,
"Window pixel size not implemented for the Windows API.",
))
}
/// Queries the terminal's support for progressive keyboard enhancement.
///
/// This always returns `Ok(false)` on Windows.
#[cfg(feature = "events")]
pub fn supports_keyboard_enhancement() -> std::io::Result<bool> {
Ok(false)
}
pub(crate) fn clear(clear_type: ClearType) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let screen_buffer = ScreenBuffer::current()?;
let csbi = screen_buffer.info()?;
let pos = csbi.cursor_pos();
let buffer_size = csbi.buffer_size();
let current_attribute = csbi.attributes();
match clear_type {
ClearType::All => {
clear_entire_screen(buffer_size, current_attribute)?;
}
ClearType::FromCursorDown => clear_after_cursor(pos, buffer_size, current_attribute)?,
ClearType::FromCursorUp => clear_before_cursor(pos, buffer_size, current_attribute)?,
ClearType::CurrentLine => clear_current_line(pos, buffer_size, current_attribute)?,
ClearType::UntilNewLine => clear_until_line(pos, buffer_size, current_attribute)?,
_ => {
clear_entire_screen(buffer_size, current_attribute)?;
} //TODO: make purge flush the entire screen buffer not just the visible window.
};
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn scroll_up(row_count: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let csbi = ScreenBuffer::current()?;
let mut window = csbi.info()?.terminal_window();
// check whether the window is too close to the screen buffer top
let count = row_count as i16;
if window.top >= count {
window.top -= count; // move top down
window.bottom -= count; // move bottom down
Console::output()?.set_console_info(true, window)?;
}
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn scroll_down(row_count: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let screen_buffer = ScreenBuffer::current()?;
let csbi = screen_buffer.info()?;
let mut window = csbi.terminal_window();
let buffer_size = csbi.buffer_size();
// check whether the window is too close to the screen buffer top
let count = row_count as i16;
if window.bottom < buffer_size.height - count {
window.top += count; // move top down
window.bottom += count; // move bottom down
Console::output()?.set_console_info(true, window)?;
}
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn set_size(width: u16, height: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
if width <= 1 {
return Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
"terminal width must be at least 1",
));
}
if height <= 1 {
return Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
"terminal height must be at least 1",
));
}
// get the position of the current console window
let screen_buffer = ScreenBuffer::current()?;
let console = Console::from(screen_buffer.handle().clone());
let csbi = screen_buffer.info()?;
let current_size = csbi.buffer_size();
let window = csbi.terminal_window();
let mut new_size = Size::new(current_size.width, current_size.height);
// If the buffer is smaller than this new window size, resize the
// buffer to be large enough. Include window position.
let mut resize_buffer = false;
let width = width as i16;
if current_size.width < window.left + width {
if window.left >= i16::max_value() - width {
return Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
"terminal width too large",
));
}
new_size.width = window.left + width;
resize_buffer = true;
}
let height = height as i16;
if current_size.height < window.top + height {
if window.top >= i16::max_value() - height {
return Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
"terminal height too large",
));
}
new_size.height = window.top + height;
resize_buffer = true;
}
if resize_buffer {
screen_buffer.set_size(new_size.width - 1, new_size.height - 1)?;
}
let mut window = window;
// preserve the position, but change the size.
window.bottom = window.top + height - 1;
window.right = window.left + width - 1;
console.set_console_info(true, window)?;
// if we resized the buffer, un-resize it.
if resize_buffer {
screen_buffer.set_size(current_size.width - 1, current_size.height - 1)?;
}
let bounds = console.largest_window_size()?;
if width > bounds.x {
return Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
format!("terminal width {width} too large"),
));
}
if height > bounds.y {
return Err(io::Error::new(
io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
format!("terminal height {height} too large"),
));
}
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn set_window_title(title: impl fmt::Display) -> std::io::Result<()> {
struct Utf16Encoder(Vec<u16>);
impl Write for Utf16Encoder {
fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
self.0.extend(s.encode_utf16());
Ok(())
}
}
let mut title_utf16 = Utf16Encoder(Vec::new());
write!(title_utf16, "{title}").expect("formatting failed");
title_utf16.0.push(0);
let title = title_utf16.0;
let result = unsafe { SetConsoleTitleW(title.as_ptr()) };
if result != 0 {
Ok(())
} else {
Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
}
}
fn clear_after_cursor(
location: Coord,
buffer_size: Size,
current_attribute: u16,
) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (mut x, mut y) = (location.x, location.y);
// if cursor position is at the outer right position
if x > buffer_size.width {
y += 1;
x = 0;
}
// location where to start clearing
let start_location = Coord::new(x, y);
// get sum cells before cursor
let cells_to_write = buffer_size.width as u32 * buffer_size.height as u32;
clear_winapi(start_location, cells_to_write, current_attribute)
}
fn clear_before_cursor(
location: Coord,
buffer_size: Size,
current_attribute: u16,
) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (xpos, ypos) = (location.x, location.y);
// one cell after cursor position
let x = 0;
// one at row of cursor position
let y = 0;
// location where to start clearing
let start_location = Coord::new(x, y);
// get sum cells before cursor
let cells_to_write = (buffer_size.width as u32 * ypos as u32) + (xpos as u32 + 1);
// clear everything before cursor position
clear_winapi(start_location, cells_to_write, current_attribute)
}
fn clear_entire_screen(buffer_size: Size, current_attribute: u16) -> std::io::Result<()> {
// get sum cells before cursor
let cells_to_write = buffer_size.width as u32 * buffer_size.height as u32;
// location where to start clearing
let start_location = Coord::new(0, 0);
// clear the entire screen
clear_winapi(start_location, cells_to_write, current_attribute)?;
// put the cursor back at cell 0,0
cursor::sys::move_to(0, 0)?;
Ok(())
}
fn clear_current_line(
location: Coord,
buffer_size: Size,
current_attribute: u16,
) -> std::io::Result<()> {
// location where to start clearing
let start_location = Coord::new(0, location.y);
// get sum cells before cursor
let cells_to_write = buffer_size.width as u32;
// clear the whole current line
clear_winapi(start_location, cells_to_write, current_attribute)?;
// put the cursor back at cell 1 on current row
cursor::sys::move_to(0, location.y as u16)?;
Ok(())
}
fn clear_until_line(
location: Coord,
buffer_size: Size,
current_attribute: u16,
) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (x, y) = (location.x, location.y);
// location where to start clearing
let start_location = Coord::new(x, y);
// get sum cells before cursor
let cells_to_write = (buffer_size.width - x) as u32;
// clear until the current line
clear_winapi(start_location, cells_to_write, current_attribute)?;
// put the cursor back at original cursor position before we did the clearing
cursor::sys::move_to(x as u16, y as u16)?;
Ok(())
}
fn clear_winapi(
start_location: Coord,
cells_to_write: u32,
current_attribute: u16,
) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let console = Console::from(Handle::current_out_handle()?);
console.fill_whit_character(start_location, cells_to_write, ' ')?;
console.fill_whit_attribute(start_location, cells_to_write, current_attribute)?;
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(test)]
// Create a new screen buffer to avoid changing the terminal the test
// is running within.
pub fn temp_screen_buffer() -> std::io::Result<ScreenBuffer> {
let alternate_screen = ScreenBuffer::create()?;
alternate_screen.show().unwrap();
Ok(alternate_screen)
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use std::{ffi::OsString, os::windows::ffi::OsStringExt};
use crossterm_winapi::ScreenBuffer;
use serial_test::serial;
use winapi::um::wincon::GetConsoleTitleW;
use super::{scroll_down, scroll_up, set_size, set_window_title, size, temp_screen_buffer};
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_resize_winapi_20_21() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
let (width, height) = size().unwrap();
// The values 20 and 21 are arbitrary and different from each other
// just to see they're not crossed over.
set_size(20, 21).unwrap();
assert_eq!((20, 21), size().unwrap());
// reset to previous size
set_size(width, height).unwrap();
assert_eq!((width, height), size().unwrap());
}
// This is similar to test_resize_winapi_20_21() above. This verifies that
// another test of similar functionality runs independently (that a testing
// race condition has been addressed).
#[test]
#[serial]
#[ignore]
fn test_resize_winapi_30_31() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
let (width, height) = size().unwrap();
set_size(30, 31).unwrap();
assert_eq!((30, 31), size().unwrap());
// reset to previous size
set_size(width, height).unwrap();
assert_eq!((width, height), size().unwrap());
}
// Test is disabled, because it's failing on Travis CI
#[test]
#[ignore]
fn test_scroll_down_winapi() {
let current_window = ScreenBuffer::current()
.unwrap()
.info()
.unwrap()
.terminal_window();
scroll_down(2).unwrap();
let new_window = ScreenBuffer::current()
.unwrap()
.info()
.unwrap()
.terminal_window();
assert_eq!(new_window.top, current_window.top + 2);
assert_eq!(new_window.bottom, current_window.bottom + 2);
}
// Test is disabled, because it's failing on Travis CI
#[test]
#[ignore]
fn test_scroll_up_winapi() {
// move the terminal buffer down before moving it up
test_scroll_down_winapi();
let current_window = ScreenBuffer::current()
.unwrap()
.info()
.unwrap()
.terminal_window();
scroll_up(2).unwrap();
let new_window = ScreenBuffer::current()
.unwrap()
.info()
.unwrap()
.terminal_window();
assert_eq!(new_window.top, current_window.top - 2);
assert_eq!(new_window.bottom, current_window.bottom - 2);
}
#[test]
#[serial]
fn test_set_title_winapi() {
let _test_screen = temp_screen_buffer().unwrap();
let test_title = "this is a crossterm test title";
set_window_title(test_title).unwrap();
let mut raw = [0_u16; 128];
let length = unsafe { GetConsoleTitleW(raw.as_mut_ptr(), raw.len() as u32) } as usize;
assert_ne!(0, length);
let console_title = OsString::from_wide(&raw[..length]).into_string().unwrap();
assert_eq!(test_title, &console_title[..]);
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
//! Making it a little more convenient and safe to query whether
//! something is a terminal teletype or not.
//! This module defines the IsTty trait and the is_tty method to
//! return true if the item represents a terminal.
#[cfg(unix)]
use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
#[cfg(windows)]
use std::os::windows::io::AsRawHandle;
#[cfg(windows)]
use winapi::um::consoleapi::GetConsoleMode;
/// Adds the `is_tty` method to types that might represent a terminal
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::io::stdout;
/// use crossterm::tty::IsTty;
///
/// let is_tty: bool = stdout().is_tty();
/// ```
pub trait IsTty {
/// Returns true when an instance is a terminal teletype, otherwise false.
fn is_tty(&self) -> bool;
}
/// On UNIX, the `isatty()` function returns true if a file
/// descriptor is a terminal.
#[cfg(unix)]
impl<S: AsRawFd> IsTty for S {
fn is_tty(&self) -> bool {
let fd = self.as_raw_fd();
unsafe { libc::isatty(fd) == 1 }
}
}
/// On windows, `GetConsoleMode` will return true if we are in a terminal.
/// Otherwise false.
#[cfg(windows)]
impl<S: AsRawHandle> IsTty for S {
fn is_tty(&self) -> bool {
let mut mode = 0;
let ok = unsafe { GetConsoleMode(self.as_raw_handle() as *mut _, &mut mode) };
ok == 1
}
}