keyfork-shard: bump after mnemonic refactor

Note: The type signature of smex::encode and smex::decode has changed,
but will still accept values that were previously passed in.

Cargo.lock

@@ -1674,6 +1674,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "card-backend-pcsc",
  "clap",
  "clap_complete",
+ "keyfork-bin",
  "keyfork-derive-openpgp",
  "keyfork-derive-util",
  "keyfork-entropy",
@@ -1692,6 +1693,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "keyfork-bin"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "keyfork-crossterm"
 version = "0.27.1"

Cargo.toml

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ members = [
     "crates/qrcode/keyfork-qrcode",
     "crates/qrcode/keyfork-zbar",
     "crates/qrcode/keyfork-zbar-sys",
+    "crates/util/keyfork-bin",
     "crates/util/keyfork-crossterm",
     "crates/util/keyfork-entropy",
     "crates/util/keyfork-frame",

crates/daemon/keyforkd-client/src/lib.rs

@@ -40,6 +40,25 @@
 //! # keyforkd::test_util::Infallible::Ok(())
 //! # }).unwrap();
 //! ```
+//!
+//! In tests, the Keyforkd test_util module and TestPrivateKeys can be used.
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use std::str::FromStr;
+//!
+//! use keyforkd_client::Client;
+//! use keyfork_derive_util::DerivationPath;
+//! use keyfork_derive_util::private_key::TestPrivateKey as PrivateKey;
+//!
+//! let seed = b"funky accordion noises";
+//! keyforkd::test_util::run_test(seed, |socket_path| {
+//!     std::env::set_var("KEYFORKD_SOCKET_PATH", socket_path);
+//!     let derivation_path = DerivationPath::from_str("m/44'/0'").unwrap();
+//!     let mut client = Client::discover_socket().unwrap();
+//!     let xprv = client.request_xprv::<PrivateKey>(&derivation_path).unwrap();
+//!     keyforkd::test_util::Infallible::Ok(())
+//! }).unwrap();
+//! ```
 
 pub use std::os::unix::net::UnixStream;
 use std::{collections::HashMap, path::PathBuf};

crates/daemon/keyforkd-client/src/tests.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ fn secp256k1_test_suite() {
         let seed = seed_test.seed;
         run_test(&seed, move |socket_path| -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send>> {
             for test in seed_test.tests {
-                let socket = UnixStream::connect(&socket_path).unwrap();
+                let socket = UnixStream::connect(socket_path).unwrap();
                 let mut client = Client::new(socket);
                 let chain = DerivationPath::from_str(test.chain).unwrap();
                 let chain_len = chain.len();
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ fn secp256k1_test_suite() {
                 // key using an XPrv, for all but the last XPrv, which is verified after this
                 for i in 2..chain_len {
                     // FIXME: Keyfork will only allow one request per session
-                    let socket = UnixStream::connect(&socket_path).unwrap();
+                    let socket = UnixStream::connect(socket_path).unwrap();
                     let mut client = Client::new(socket);
                     let path = DerivationPath::from_str(test.chain).unwrap();
                     let left_path = path.inner()[..i]
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fn secp256k1_test_suite() {
                         .fold(DerivationPath::default(), |p, i| p.chain_push(i.clone()));
                     let xprv = dbg!(client.request_xprv::<SecretKey>(&left_path)).unwrap();
                     let derived_xprv = xprv.derive_path(&right_path).unwrap();
-                    let socket = UnixStream::connect(&socket_path).unwrap();
+                    let socket = UnixStream::connect(socket_path).unwrap();
                     let mut client = Client::new(socket);
                     let keyforkd_xprv = client.request_xprv::<SecretKey>(&path).unwrap();
                     assert_eq!(
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ fn ed25519_test_suite() {
         let seed = seed_test.seed;
         run_test(&seed, move |socket_path| {
             for test in seed_test.tests {
-                let socket = UnixStream::connect(&socket_path).unwrap();
+                let socket = UnixStream::connect(socket_path).unwrap();
                 let mut client = Client::new(socket);
                 let chain = DerivationPath::from_str(test.chain).unwrap();
                 let chain_len = chain.len();

crates/daemon/keyforkd/README.md

@@ -34,3 +34,15 @@ request, as well as its best-effort guess on what path is being derived (using
 the `keyfork-derive-path-data` crate), to inform the user of what keys are
 requested. Once the server sends the client the new extended private key, the
 client can then choose to use the key as-is, or derive further keys.
+
+## Testing
+
+A Keyfork server can be automatically started by using [`test_util::run_test`].
+The function accepts a closure, starting the server before the closure is run,
+and closing the server after the closure has completed. This may be useful for
+people writing software that interacts with the Keyfork server, such as a
+deriver or a provisioner. A test seed must be provided, but can be any content.
+The closure accepts one argument, the path of the UNIX socket from which the
+server can be accessed.
+
+Examples of the test utility can be seen in the `keyforkd-client` crate.

crates/daemon/keyforkd/src/lib.rs

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub async fn start_and_run_server_on(
     let service = ServiceBuilder::new()
         .layer(middleware::BincodeLayer::new())
         // TODO: passphrase support and/or store passphrase with mnemonic
-        .service(Keyforkd::new(mnemonic.seed(None)?));
+        .service(Keyforkd::new(mnemonic.generate_seed(None)));
 
     let mut server = match UnixServer::bind(socket_path) {
         Ok(s) => s,

crates/daemon/keyforkd/src/test_util.rs

@@ -25,14 +25,25 @@ pub struct InfallibleError {
 /// ```
 pub type Infallible<T> = std::result::Result<T, InfallibleError>;
 
-/// Run a test making use of a Keyforkd server. The path to the socket of the Keyforkd server is
-/// provided as the only argument to the closure. The closure is expected to return a Result; the
-/// Error field of the Result may be an error returned by a test.
+/// Run a test making use of a Keyforkd server. The test may use a seed (the first argument) from a
+/// test suite, or (as shown in the example below) a simple seed may be used solely to ensure
+/// the server is capable of being interacted with. The test is in the form of a closure, expected
+/// to return a [`Result`] where success is a unit type (test passed) and the error is any error
+/// that happened during the test (alternatively, a panic may be used, and will be returned as an
+/// error).
 ///
 /// # Panics
+/// The function may panic if any errors arise while configuring and using the Tokio multithreaded
+/// runtime.
 ///
-/// The function is not expected to run in production; therefore, the function plays "fast and
-/// loose" wih the usage of [`Result::expect`]. In normal usage, these should never be an issue.
+/// # Examples
+/// ```rust
+/// use std::os::unix::net::UnixStream;
+/// let seed = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
+/// keyforkd::test_util::run_test(seed.as_slice(), |path| {
+///     UnixStream::connect(&path).map(|_| ())
+/// }).unwrap();
+/// ```
 #[allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
 pub fn run_test<F, E>(seed: &[u8], closure: F) -> Result<(), E>
 where

crates/derive/keyfork-derive-key/src/main.rs

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ fn run() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let mut client = Client::discover_socket()?;
     let request = DerivationRequest::new(algo, &path);
     let response = client.request(&request.into())?;
-    println!("{}", smex::encode(&DerivationResponse::try_from(response)?.data));
+    println!("{}", smex::encode(DerivationResponse::try_from(response)?.data));
     Ok(())
 }
 

crates/derive/keyfork-derive-openpgp/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-//! Creation of OpenPGP certificates from BIP-0032 derived data.
+//! Creation of OpenPGP Transferable Secret Keys from BIP-0032 derived data.
 
-use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, SystemTimeError};
+use std::{
+    str::FromStr,
+    time::{Duration, SystemTime, SystemTimeError},
+};
 
 use derive_util::{DerivationIndex, ExtendedPrivateKey, IndexError, PrivateKey};
 use ed25519_dalek::SigningKey;
@@ -68,7 +71,24 @@ pub fn derive(xprv: XPrv, keys: &[KeyFlags], userid: &UserID) -> Result<Cert> {
     };
 
     let epoch = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(1);
-    let one_day = SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24);
+    let expiration_date = match std::env::var("KEYFORK_OPENPGP_EXPIRE").as_mut() {
+        Ok(var) => {
+            let ch = var.pop();
+            match (ch, u64::from_str(var)) {
+                (Some(ch @ ('d' | 'm' | 'y')), Ok(expire)) => {
+                    let multiplier = match ch {
+                        'd' => 1,
+                        'm' => 30,
+                        'y' => 365,
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                    };
+                    SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24 * expire * multiplier)
+                }
+                _ => SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24),
+            }
+        }
+        Err(_) => SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24),
+    };
 
     // Create certificate with initial key and signature
     let derived_primary_key = xprv.derive_child(&DerivationIndex::new(0, true)?)?;
@@ -80,7 +100,7 @@ pub fn derive(xprv: XPrv, keys: &[KeyFlags], userid: &UserID) -> Result<Cert> {
 
     // Sign and attach primary key and primary userid
     let builder = SignatureBuilder::new(SignatureType::PositiveCertification)
-        .set_key_validity_period(one_day.duration_since(epoch)?)?
+        .set_key_validity_period(expiration_date.duration_since(epoch)?)?
         .set_signature_creation_time(epoch)?
         .set_key_flags(primary_key_flags.clone())?;
     let binding = userid.bind(&mut primary_key.clone().into_keypair()?, &cert, builder)?;
@@ -89,7 +109,8 @@ pub fn derive(xprv: XPrv, keys: &[KeyFlags], userid: &UserID) -> Result<Cert> {
 
     // Set certificate expiration to one day
     let mut keypair = primary_key.clone().into_keypair()?;
-    let signatures = cert.set_expiration_time(&policy, None, &mut keypair, Some(one_day))?;
+    let signatures =
+        cert.set_expiration_time(&policy, None, &mut keypair, Some(expiration_date))?;
     let cert = cert.insert_packets(signatures)?;
 
     let mut cert = cert;
@@ -127,7 +148,7 @@ pub fn derive(xprv: XPrv, keys: &[KeyFlags], userid: &UserID) -> Result<Cert> {
             SignatureBuilder::new(SignatureType::SubkeyBinding)
                 .set_key_flags(subkey_flags.clone())?
                 .set_signature_creation_time(epoch)?
-                .set_key_validity_period(one_day.duration_since(epoch)?)?
+                .set_key_validity_period(expiration_date.duration_since(epoch)?)?
                 .set_embedded_signature(
                     SignatureBuilder::new(SignatureType::PrimaryKeyBinding)
                         .set_signature_creation_time(epoch)?
@@ -141,7 +162,7 @@ pub fn derive(xprv: XPrv, keys: &[KeyFlags], userid: &UserID) -> Result<Cert> {
             SignatureBuilder::new(SignatureType::SubkeyBinding)
                 .set_key_flags(subkey_flags.clone())?
                 .set_signature_creation_time(epoch)?
-                .set_key_validity_period(one_day.duration_since(epoch)?)?
+                .set_key_validity_period(expiration_date.duration_since(epoch)?)?
         };
 
         // Sign subkey with primary key and attach to cert

crates/derive/keyfork-derive-util/src/request.rs

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ impl DerivationRequest {
     /// # }
     pub fn derive_with_mnemonic(&self, mnemonic: &Mnemonic) -> Result<DerivationResponse> {
         // TODO: passphrase support and/or store passphrase within mnemonic
-        self.derive_with_master_seed(&mnemonic.seed(None)?)
+        self.derive_with_master_seed(&mnemonic.generate_seed(None))
     }
 
     /// Derive an [`ExtendedPrivateKey`] using the given seed.

crates/derive/keyfork-derive-util/src/tests.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ fn secp256k1() {
             } = test;
 
             // Tests for ExtendedPrivateKey
-            let varlen_seed = VariableLengthSeed::new(&seed);
+            let varlen_seed = VariableLengthSeed::new(seed);
             let xkey = ExtendedPrivateKey::<SecretKey>::new(varlen_seed);
             let derived_key = xkey.derive_path(&chain).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ fn secp256k1() {
 
             // Tests for DerivationRequest
             let request = DerivationRequest::new(DerivationAlgorithm::Secp256k1, &chain);
-            let response = request.derive_with_master_seed(&seed).unwrap();
+            let response = request.derive_with_master_seed(seed).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(&response.data, private_key.as_slice(), "test: {chain}");
         }
     }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ fn ed25519() {
             } = test;
 
             // Tests for ExtendedPrivateKey
-            let varlen_seed = VariableLengthSeed::new(&seed);
+            let varlen_seed = VariableLengthSeed::new(seed);
             let xkey = ExtendedPrivateKey::<SigningKey>::new(varlen_seed);
             let derived_key = xkey.derive_path(&chain).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ fn ed25519() {
 
             // Tests for DerivationRequest
             let request = DerivationRequest::new(DerivationAlgorithm::Ed25519, &chain);
-            let response = request.derive_with_master_seed(&seed).unwrap();
+            let response = request.derive_with_master_seed(seed).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(&response.data, private_key.as_slice(), "test: {chain}");
         }
     }

crates/keyfork-shard/src/bin/keyfork-shard-combine-openpgp.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ fn run() -> Result<()> {
 
     let openpgp = OpenPGP;
     let bytes = openpgp.decrypt_all_shards_to_secret(key_discovery.as_deref(), messages_file)?;
-    print!("{}", smex::encode(&bytes));
+    print!("{}", smex::encode(bytes));
 
     Ok(())
 }

crates/keyfork-shard/src/bin/keyfork-shard-remote.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ fn run() -> Result<()> {
 
     let mut bytes = vec![];
     remote_decrypt(&mut bytes)?;
-    print!("{}", smex::encode(&bytes));
+    print!("{}", smex::encode(bytes));
 
     Ok(())
 }

crates/keyfork-shard/src/bin/keyfork-shard-split-openpgp.rs

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ fn run() -> Result<()> {
         let Some(line) = stdin().lines().next() else {
             return Err(Error::Input.into());
         };
-        smex::decode(&line?)?
+        smex::decode(line?)?
     };
 
     let openpgp = OpenPGP;

crates/keyfork-shard/src/lib.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use aes_gcm::{
     Aes256Gcm, KeyInit, Nonce,
 };
 use hkdf::Hkdf;
-use keyfork_mnemonic_util::{Mnemonic, Wordlist};
+use keyfork_mnemonic_util::{English, Mnemonic};
 use keyfork_prompt::{
     validators::{mnemonic::MnemonicSetValidator, Validator},
     Message as PromptMessage, PromptHandler, Terminal,
@@ -173,7 +173,6 @@ pub trait Format {
         reader: impl Read + Send + Sync,
     ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         let mut pm = Terminal::new(stdin(), stdout())?;
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default();
 
         // parse input
         let private_keys = private_key_discovery
@@ -207,12 +206,12 @@ pub trait Format {
                 let validator = MnemonicSetValidator {
                     word_lengths: [9, 24],
                 };
-                let [nonce_mnemonic, pubkey_mnemonic] = pm.prompt_validated_wordlist(
-                    QRCODE_COULDNT_READ,
-                    &wordlist,
-                    3,
-                    validator.to_fn(),
-                )?;
+                let [nonce_mnemonic, pubkey_mnemonic] = pm
+                    .prompt_validated_wordlist::<English, _>(
+                        QRCODE_COULDNT_READ,
+                        3,
+                        validator.to_fn(),
+                    )?;
 
                 let nonce = nonce_mnemonic
                     .as_bytes()
@@ -228,8 +227,7 @@ pub trait Format {
 
         // create our shared key
         let our_key = EphemeralSecret::random();
-        let our_pubkey_mnemonic =
-            Mnemonic::from_entropy(PublicKey::from(&our_key).as_bytes(), Default::default())?;
+        let our_pubkey_mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(PublicKey::from(&our_key).as_bytes())?;
         let shared_secret = our_key
             .diffie_hellman(&PublicKey::from(their_pubkey))
             .to_bytes();
@@ -279,8 +277,7 @@ pub trait Format {
         }
 
         // safety: size of out_bytes is constant and always % 4 == 0
-        let payload_mnemonic =
-            unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_entropy(&out_bytes, Default::default()) };
+        let payload_mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(&out_bytes) };
 
         #[cfg(feature = "qrcode")]
         {
@@ -395,7 +392,6 @@ const QRCODE_ERROR: &str = "Unable to scan a QR code. Falling back to text entry
 /// incompatible with the currently running version.
 pub fn remote_decrypt(w: &mut impl Write) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let mut pm = Terminal::new(stdin(), stdout())?;
-    let wordlist = Wordlist::default();
 
     let mut iter_count = None;
     let mut shares = vec![];
@@ -406,11 +402,9 @@ pub fn remote_decrypt(w: &mut impl Write) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Erro
     while iter_count.is_none() || iter_count.is_some_and(|i| i > 0) {
         iter += 1;
         let nonce = Aes256Gcm::generate_nonce(&mut OsRng);
-        let nonce_mnemonic =
-            unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_entropy(nonce.as_slice(), Default::default()) };
+        let nonce_mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(nonce.as_slice()) };
         let our_key = EphemeralSecret::random();
-        let key_mnemonic =
-            Mnemonic::from_entropy(PublicKey::from(&our_key).as_bytes(), Default::default())?;
+        let key_mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(PublicKey::from(&our_key).as_bytes())?;
 
         #[cfg(feature = "qrcode")]
         {
@@ -464,12 +458,12 @@ pub fn remote_decrypt(w: &mut impl Write) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Erro
                     word_lengths: [24, 48],
                 };
 
-                let [pubkey_mnemonic, payload_mnemonic] = pm.prompt_validated_wordlist(
-                    QRCODE_COULDNT_READ,
-                    &wordlist,
-                    3,
-                    validator.to_fn(),
-                )?;
+                let [pubkey_mnemonic, payload_mnemonic] = pm
+                    .prompt_validated_wordlist::<English, _>(
+                        QRCODE_COULDNT_READ,
+                        3,
+                        validator.to_fn(),
+                    )?;
                 let pubkey = pubkey_mnemonic
                     .as_bytes()
                     .try_into()

crates/keyfork-shard/src/openpgp.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use keyfork_derive_openpgp::{
     derive_util::{DerivationPath, PathError, VariableLengthSeed},
     XPrv,
 };
-use keyfork_mnemonic_util::{Mnemonic, MnemonicFromStrError, MnemonicGenerationError, Wordlist};
+use keyfork_mnemonic_util::{English, Mnemonic, MnemonicFromStrError, MnemonicGenerationError};
 use keyfork_prompt::{
     validators::{mnemonic::MnemonicSetValidator, Validator},
     Error as PromptError, Message as PromptMessage, PromptHandler, Terminal,
@@ -854,7 +854,6 @@ pub fn decrypt(
     encrypted_messages: &[EncryptedMessage],
 ) -> Result<()> {
     let mut pm = Terminal::new(stdin(), stdout())?;
-    let wordlist = Wordlist::default();
 
     let mut nonce_data: Option<[u8; 12]> = None;
     let mut pubkey_data: Option<[u8; 32]> = None;
@@ -879,8 +878,11 @@ pub fn decrypt(
             let validator = MnemonicSetValidator {
                 word_lengths: [9, 24],
             };
-            let [nonce_mnemonic, pubkey_mnemonic] =
-                pm.prompt_validated_wordlist(QRCODE_COULDNT_READ, &wordlist, 3, validator.to_fn())?;
+            let [nonce_mnemonic, pubkey_mnemonic] = pm.prompt_validated_wordlist::<English, _>(
+                QRCODE_COULDNT_READ,
+                3,
+                validator.to_fn(),
+            )?;
 
             let nonce = nonce_mnemonic
                 .as_bytes()
@@ -897,8 +899,7 @@ pub fn decrypt(
     let nonce = Nonce::<U12>::from_slice(&nonce);
 
     let our_key = EphemeralSecret::random();
-    let our_pubkey_mnemonic =
-        Mnemonic::from_entropy(PublicKey::from(&our_key).as_bytes(), Default::default())?;
+    let our_pubkey_mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(PublicKey::from(&our_key).as_bytes())?;
 
     let shared_secret = our_key.diffie_hellman(&PublicKey::from(pubkey)).to_bytes();
 
@@ -943,7 +944,7 @@ pub fn decrypt(
     }
 
     // safety: size of out_bytes is constant and always % 4 == 0
-    let payload_mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_entropy(&out_bytes, Default::default()) };
+    let payload_mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(&out_bytes) };
 
     #[cfg(feature = "qrcode")]
     {

crates/keyfork/Cargo.toml

@@ -43,3 +43,4 @@ openpgp-card-sequoia = { version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }
 openpgp-card = "0.4.1"
 clap_complete = { version = "4.4.6", optional = true }
 sequoia-openpgp = { version = "1.17.0", default-features = false, features = ["compression"] }
+keyfork-bin = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../util/keyfork-bin" }

crates/keyfork/src/cli/mnemonic.rs

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl MnemonicSeedSource {
             MnemonicSeedSource::Tarot => todo!(),
             MnemonicSeedSource::Dice => todo!(),
         };
-        let mnemonic = keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic::from_entropy(&seed, Default::default())?;
+        let mnemonic = keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic::from_bytes(&seed)?;
         Ok(mnemonic.to_string())
     }
 }

crates/keyfork/src/cli/recover.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::Keyfork;
 use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
-use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+use keyfork_mnemonic_util::{English, Mnemonic};
 use keyfork_shard::{remote_decrypt, Format};
 
 type Result<T, E = Box<dyn std::error::Error>> = std::result::Result<T, E>;
@@ -61,9 +61,8 @@ impl RecoverSubcommands {
                 let validator = MnemonicChoiceValidator {
                     word_lengths: [WordLength::Count(12), WordLength::Count(24)],
                 };
-                let mnemonic = term.prompt_validated_wordlist(
+                let mnemonic = term.prompt_validated_wordlist::<English, _>(
                     "Mnemonic: ",
-                    &Default::default(),
                     3,
                     validator.to_fn(),
                 )?;
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ pub struct Recover {
 impl Recover {
     pub fn handle(&self, _k: &Keyfork) -> Result<()> {
         let seed = self.command.handle()?;
-        let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_entropy(&seed, Default::default())?;
+        let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(&seed)?;
         tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
             .enable_all()
             .build()

crates/keyfork/src/cli/shard.rs

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl ShardExec for OpenPGP {
     {
         let openpgp = keyfork_shard::openpgp::OpenPGP;
         let bytes = openpgp.decrypt_all_shards_to_secret(key_discovery, input)?;
-        write!(output, "{}", smex::encode(&bytes))?;
+        write!(output, "{}", smex::encode(bytes))?;
 
         Ok(())
     }

crates/keyfork/src/main.rs

@@ -6,21 +6,16 @@ use std::process::ExitCode;
 
 use clap::Parser;
 
+use keyfork_bin::{Bin, ClosureBin};
+
 mod cli;
 mod config;
 
 fn main() -> ExitCode {
-    let opts = cli::Keyfork::parse();
+    let bin = ClosureBin::new(|| {
+        let opts = cli::Keyfork::parse();
+        opts.command.handle(&opts)
+    });
 
-    if let Err(e) = opts.command.handle(&opts) {
-        eprintln!("Unable to run command: {e}");
-        let mut source = e.source();
-        while let Some(new_error) = source.take() {
-            eprintln!("Source: {new_error}");
-            source = new_error.source();
-        }
-        return ExitCode::FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    ExitCode::SUCCESS
+    bin.main()
 }

crates/util/keyfork-bin/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[package]
+name = "keyfork-bin"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+anyhow = "1.0.79"

crates/util/keyfork-bin/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#![allow(clippy::needless_doctest_main)]
+
+//! A convenient trait for quickly writing binaries in a consistent pattern.
+//!
+//! # Examples
+//! ```rust
+//! use anyhow::anyhow;
+//! use keyfork_bin::Bin;
+//!
+//! struct Main;
+//!
+//! impl Bin for Main {
+//!     type Args = (String, String);
+//!
+//!     fn usage_hint(&self) -> Option<String> {
+//!         Some(String::from("<param1> <param2>"))
+//!     }
+//!
+//!     fn validate_args(&self, mut args: impl Iterator<Item = String>) -> keyfork_bin::ProcessResult<Self::Args> {
+//!         let arg1 = args.next().ok_or(anyhow!("missing argument 1"))?;
+//!         let arg2 = args.next().ok_or(anyhow!("missing argument 2"))?;
+//!         Ok((arg1, arg2))
+//!     }
+//!
+//!     fn run(&self, (arg1, arg2): Self::Args) -> keyfork_bin::ProcessResult {
+//!         println!("First argument: {arg1}");
+//!         println!("Second argument: {arg2}");
+//!         Ok(())
+//!     }
+//!#
+//!#    fn main(&self) -> std::process::ExitCode {
+//!#        self.main_inner([String::from("hello"), String::from("world")].into_iter())
+//!#    }
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn main() {
+//!     // Assume the program was called with something like "hello world"...
+//!     let bin = Main;
+//!     bin.main();
+//! }
+//! ```
+
+use std::process::ExitCode;
+
+/// A result that may contain any error.
+pub type ProcessResult<T = ()> = Result<T, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>;
+
+fn report_err(e: Box<dyn std::error::Error>) {
+    eprintln!("Unable to run command: {e}");
+    let mut source = e.source();
+    while let Some(new_error) = source.take() {
+        eprintln!("- Caused by: {new_error}");
+        source = new_error.source();
+    }
+}
+
+/// A trait for implementing the flow of a binary's execution.
+pub trait Bin {
+    /// The type for command-line arguments required by the function.
+    type Args;
+
+    /// A usage hint for how the arguments should be provided to the program.
+    fn usage_hint(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// Validate the arguments provided by the user into types required by the binary.
+    #[allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+    fn validate_args(&self, args: impl Iterator<Item = String>) -> ProcessResult<Self::Args>;
+
+    /// Run the binary 
+    #[allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+    fn run(&self, args: Self::Args) -> ProcessResult;
+
+    /// The default handler for running the binary and reporting any errors.
+    fn main(&self) -> ExitCode {
+        self.main_inner(std::env::args())
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    fn main_inner(&self, mut args: impl Iterator<Item = String>) -> ExitCode {
+        let command = args.next();
+        let args = match self.validate_args(args) {
+            Ok(args) => args,
+            Err(e) => {
+                if let (Some(command), Some(hint)) = (command, self.usage_hint()) {
+                    eprintln!("Usage: {command} {hint}");
+                }
+                report_err(e);
+                return ExitCode::FAILURE;
+            }
+        };
+
+        if let Err(e) = self.run(args) {
+            report_err(e);
+            return ExitCode::FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        ExitCode::SUCCESS
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Bin that doesn't take any arguments.
+pub struct ClosureBin<F: Fn() -> ProcessResult> {
+    closure: F
+}
+
+impl<F> ClosureBin<F> where F: Fn() -> ProcessResult {
+    /// Create a new Bin from a closure.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use keyfork_bin::{Bin, ClosureBin};
+    ///
+    /// let bin = ClosureBin::new(|| {
+    ///     println!("Hello, world!");
+    ///     Ok(())
+    /// });
+    ///
+    /// bin.main();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn new(closure: F) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            closure
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F> Bin for ClosureBin<F> where F: Fn() -> ProcessResult {
+    type Args = ();
+
+    fn validate_args(&self, _args: impl Iterator<Item = String>) -> ProcessResult<Self::Args> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn run(&self, _args: Self::Args) -> ProcessResult {
+        let c = &self.closure;
+        c()
+    }
+}

crates/util/keyfork-entropy/src/lib.rs

@@ -57,10 +57,21 @@ fn ensure_offline() {
 /// # std::env::set_var("SHOOT_SELF_IN_FOOT", "1");
 /// keyfork_entropy::ensure_safe();
 /// ```
+///
+/// When running on a system that's online, or running an outdated kernel:
+///
+/// ```rust,should_panic
+/// # // NOTE: sometimes, the environment variable is set, for testing purposes. I'm not sure how
+/// # // to un-set it. Set it to a sentinel value.
+/// # std::env::set_var("SHOOT_SELF_IN_FOOT", "test-must-fail");
+/// # std::env::set_var("INSECURE_HARDWARE_ALLOWED", "test-must-fail");
+/// keyfork_entropy::ensure_safe();
+/// ```
 pub fn ensure_safe() {
-    if !std::env::vars()
-        .any(|(name, _)| name == "SHOOT_SELF_IN_FOOT" || name == "INSECURE_HARDWARE_ALLOWED")
-    {
+    if !std::env::vars().any(|(name, value)| {
+        (name == "SHOOT_SELF_IN_FOOT" || name == "INSECURE_HARDWARE_ALLOWED")
+            && value != "test-must-fail"
+    }) {
         ensure_safe_kernel_version();
         ensure_offline();
     }

crates/util/keyfork-entropy/src/main.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     );
 
     let entropy = keyfork_entropy::generate_entropy_of_size(bit_size / 8)?;
-    println!("{}", smex::encode(&entropy));
+    println!("{}", smex::encode(entropy));
 
     Ok(())
 }

crates/util/keyfork-frame/src/lib.rs

@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ pub(crate) fn hash(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
 /// # Errors
 /// An error may be returned if the given `data` is more than [`u32::MAX`] bytes. This is a
 /// constraint on a protocol level.
+///
+/// # Examples
+/// ```rust
+/// let data = keyfork_frame::try_encode(b"hello world!".as_slice()).unwrap();
+/// ```
 pub fn try_encode(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, EncodeError> {
     let mut output = vec![];
     try_encode_to(data, &mut output)?;
@@ -77,6 +82,12 @@ pub fn try_encode(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, EncodeError> {
 /// # Errors
 /// An error may be returned if the givenu `data` is more than [`u32::MAX`] bytes, or if the writer
 /// is unable to write data.
+///
+/// # Examples
+/// ```rust
+/// let mut output = vec![];
+/// keyfork_frame::try_encode_to(b"hello world!".as_slice(), &mut output).unwrap();
+/// ```
 pub fn try_encode_to(data: &[u8], writable: &mut impl Write) -> Result<(), EncodeError> {
     let hash = hash(data);
     let len = hash.len() + data.len();
@@ -107,18 +118,40 @@ pub(crate) fn verify_checksum(data: &[u8]) -> Result<&[u8], DecodeError> {
 /// * The given `data` does not contain enough data to parse a length,
 /// * The given `data` does not contain the given length's worth of data,
 /// * The given `data` has a checksum that does not match what we build locally.
+///
+/// # Examples
+/// ```rust
+/// let input = b"hello world!";
+/// let encoded = keyfork_frame::try_encode(input.as_slice()).unwrap();
+/// let decoded = keyfork_frame::try_decode(&encoded).unwrap();
+/// assert_eq!(input.as_slice(), decoded.as_slice());
+/// ```
 pub fn try_decode(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DecodeError> {
     try_decode_from(&mut &data[..])
 }
 
 /// Read and decode a framed message into a `Vec<u8>`.
 ///
+/// Note that unlike [`try_encode_to`], this method does not allow writing to an object
+/// implementing Write. This is because the data must be stored entirely in memory to allow
+/// verifying the data. The data is then returned using the same in-memory representation as is
+/// used in memory, and a caller may then choose to use `writable.write_all()`.
+///
 /// # Errors
 /// An error may be returned if:
 /// * The given `data` does not contain enough data to parse a length,
 /// * The given `data` does not contain the given length's worth of data,
 /// * The given `data` has a checksum that does not match what we build locally.
 /// * The source for the data returned an error.
+///
+/// # Examples
+/// ```rust
+/// let input = b"hello world!";
+/// let mut encoded = vec![];
+/// keyfork_frame::try_encode_to(input.as_slice(), &mut encoded).unwrap();
+/// let decoded = keyfork_frame::try_decode_from(&mut &encoded[..]).unwrap();
+/// assert_eq!(input.as_slice(), decoded.as_slice());
+/// ```
 pub fn try_decode_from(readable: &mut impl Read) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DecodeError> {
     let mut bytes = 0u32.to_be_bytes();
     readable.read_exact(&mut bytes)?;

crates/util/keyfork-mnemonic-util/src/bin/keyfork-mnemonic-from-seed.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     input.read_line(&mut line)?;
     let decoded = smex::decode(line.trim())?;
 
-    let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_entropy(&decoded, Default::default()) };
+    let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(&decoded) };
 
     println!("{mnemonic}");
 

crates/util/keyfork-mnemonic-util/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,60 @@
-//! Zero-dependency Mnemonic encoding and decoding.
+//! Zero-dependency mnemonic encoding and decoding of data.
+//!
+//! Mnemonics can be used to safely encode data of 32, 48, and 64 bytes as a phrase:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+//! let data = b"Hello, world! I am a mnemonic :)";
+//! assert_eq!(data.len(), 32);
+//! let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(data).unwrap();
+//! println!("Our mnemonic is: {mnemonic}");
+//! ```
+//!
+//! A mnemonic can also be parsed from a string:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+//! use std::str::FromStr;
+//!
+//! let data = b"Hello, world! I am a mnemonic :)";
+//! let words = "embody clock brand tattoo search desert saddle eternal
+//!              goddess animal banner dolphin bitter mother loyal asset
+//!              hover clock forward system normal mosquito trim credit";
+//! let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_str(words).unwrap();
+//! assert_eq!(&data[..], mnemonic.as_bytes());
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Mnemonics can also be used to store data of other lengths, but such functionality is not
+//! verified to be safe:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+//! let data = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
+//! let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(data.as_slice()) };
+//! let mnemonic_text = mnemonic.to_string();
+//! ```
+//!
+//! If given an invalid length, undefined behavior may follow, or code may panic.
+//!
+//! ```rust,should_panic
+//! use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+//! use std::str::FromStr;
+//!
+//! // NOTE: Data is of invalid length, 31
+//! let data = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
+//! let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(data.as_slice()) };
+//! let mnemonic_text = mnemonic.to_string();
+//! // NOTE: panic happens here
+//! let new_mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_str(&mnemonic_text).unwrap();
+//! ```
 
-use std::{error::Error, fmt::Display, str::FromStr, sync::Arc};
+use std::{
+    error::Error,
+    fmt::Display,
+    str::FromStr,
+    sync::OnceLock,
+    marker::PhantomData,
+};
 
 use hmac::Hmac;
 use pbkdf2::pbkdf2;
@@ -39,93 +93,65 @@ impl Display for MnemonicGenerationError {
 
 impl Error for MnemonicGenerationError {}
 
-/// A BIP-0039 compatible list of words.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct Wordlist(Vec<String>);
+/// A trait representing a BIP-0039 wordlist, of 2048 words, with each word having a unique first
+/// three letters.
+pub trait Wordlist: std::fmt::Debug {
+    /// Get a reference to a [`std::sync::OnceLock`] Self.
+    fn get_singleton<'a>() -> &'a Self;
 
-impl Default for Wordlist {
-    /// Returns the English wordlist in the Bitcoin BIP-0039 specification.
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        // TODO: English is the only supported language.
-        let wordlist_file = include_str!("data/wordlist.txt");
-        Wordlist(
-            wordlist_file
-                .lines()
-                // skip 1: comment at top of file to point to BIP-0039 source.
-                .skip(1)
-                .map(|x| x.trim().to_string())
-                .collect(),
-        )
-    }
+    /// Return a representation of the words in the wordlist as an array of [`str`].
+    fn to_str_array(&self) -> [&str; 2048];
 }
 
-impl Wordlist {
-    /// Return an Arced version of the Wordlist
-    #[allow(clippy::must_use_candidate)]
-    pub fn arc(self) -> Arc<Self> {
-        Arc::new(self)
+/// A wordlist for the English language, from the BIP-0039 dataset.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct English {
+    words: [String; 2048],
+}
+
+static ENGLISH: OnceLock<English> = OnceLock::new();
+
+impl Wordlist for English {
+    fn get_singleton<'a>() -> &'a Self {
+        ENGLISH.get_or_init(|| {
+            let wordlist_file = include_str!("data/wordlist.txt");
+            let mut words = wordlist_file
+                .lines()
+                .skip(1)
+                .map(|x| x.trim().to_string());
+            English {
+                words: std::array::from_fn(|_| words.next().expect("wordlist has 2048 words")),
+            }
+        })
     }
 
-    /// Determine whether the Wordlist contains a given word.
-    pub fn contains(&self, word: &str) -> bool {
-        self.0.iter().any(|w| w.as_str() == word)
-    }
-
-    /// Given an index, get a word from the wordlist.
-    pub fn get_word(&self, word: usize) -> Option<&String> {
-        self.0.get(word)
-    }
-
-    /*
-    fn inner(&self) -> &Vec<String> {
-        &self.0
-    }
-    */
-
-    #[cfg(test)]
-    fn into_inner(self) -> Vec<String> {
-        self.0
+    fn to_str_array(&self) -> [&str; 2048] {
+        std::array::from_fn(|i| self.words[i].as_str())
     }
 }
 
 /// A BIP-0039 mnemonic with reference to a [`Wordlist`].
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct Mnemonic {
-    entropy: Vec<u8>,
-    // words: Vec<usize>,
-    wordlist: Arc<Wordlist>,
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct MnemonicBase<W: Wordlist> {
+    data: Vec<u8>,
+    marker: PhantomData<W>,
 }
 
-impl Display for Mnemonic {
+/// A default Mnemonic using the English language.
+pub type Mnemonic = MnemonicBase<English>;
+
+impl<W> Display for MnemonicBase<W>
+where
+    W: Wordlist,
+{
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let bit_count = self.entropy.len() * 8;
-        let mut bits = vec![false; bit_count + bit_count / 32];
+        let wordlist = W::get_singleton();
+        let words = wordlist.to_str_array();
 
-        for byte_index in 0..bit_count / 8 {
-            for bit_index in 0..8 {
-                bits[byte_index * 8 + bit_index] =
-                    (self.entropy[byte_index] & (1 << (7 - bit_index))) > 0;
-            }
-        }
-
-        let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
-        hasher.update(&self.entropy);
-        let hash = hasher.finalize().to_vec();
-        for check_bit in 0..bit_count / 32 {
-            bits[bit_count + check_bit] = (hash[check_bit / 8] & (1 << (7 - (check_bit % 8)))) > 0;
-        }
-
-        let mut iter = bits
-            .chunks_exact(11)
-            .peekable()
-            .map(|chunk| {
-                let mut num = 0usize;
-                for i in 0..11 {
-                    num += usize::from(chunk[10 - i]) << i;
-                }
-                num
-            })
-            .filter_map(|word| self.wordlist.get_word(word))
+        let mut iter = self
+            .words()
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|word| words.get(word))
             .peekable();
         while let Some(word) = iter.next() {
             f.write_str(word)?;
@@ -170,17 +196,20 @@ impl Display for MnemonicFromStrError {
 
 impl Error for MnemonicFromStrError {}
 
-impl FromStr for Mnemonic {
+impl<W> FromStr for MnemonicBase<W>
+where
+    W: Wordlist,
+{
     type Err = MnemonicFromStrError;
 
     fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        let wordlist = W::get_singleton();
+        let wordlist_words = wordlist.to_str_array();
         let words: Vec<_> = s.split_whitespace().collect();
         let mut usize_words = vec![];
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
         let mut bits = vec![false; words.len() * 11];
         for (index, word) in words.iter().enumerate() {
-            let word = wordlist
-                .0
+            let word = wordlist_words
                 .iter()
                 .position(|w| w == word)
                 .ok_or(MnemonicFromStrError::InvalidWord(index))?;
@@ -197,7 +226,7 @@ impl FromStr for Mnemonic {
         bits.truncate(bits.len() * 32 / 33);
         // bits.truncate(bits.len() - bits.len() % 32);
 
-        let entropy: Vec<u8> = bits
+        let data: Vec<u8> = bits
             .chunks_exact(8)
             .map(|chunk| {
                 let mut num = 0u8;
@@ -209,7 +238,7 @@ impl FromStr for Mnemonic {
             .collect();
 
         let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
-        hasher.update(&entropy);
+        hasher.update(&data);
         let hash = hasher.finalize().to_vec();
 
         for (i, bit) in checksum_bits.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -218,23 +247,27 @@ impl FromStr for Mnemonic {
             }
         }
 
-        Ok(Mnemonic {
-            entropy,
-            // words: usize_words,
-            wordlist,
-        })
+        Ok(MnemonicBase { data, marker: PhantomData })
     }
 }
 
-impl Mnemonic {
-    /// Generate a [`Mnemonic`] from the provided entropy and [`Wordlist`].
+impl<W> MnemonicBase<W>
+where
+    W: Wordlist,
+{
+    /// Generate a [`Mnemonic`] from the provided data and [`Wordlist`]. The data is expected to be
+    /// of 128, 192, or 256 bits, as per BIP-0039.
     ///
     /// # Errors
-    /// An error may be returned if the entropy is not within the acceptable lengths.
-    pub fn from_entropy(
-        bytes: &[u8],
-        wordlist: Arc<Wordlist>,
-    ) -> Result<Mnemonic, MnemonicGenerationError> {
+    /// An error may be returned if the data is not within the expected lengths.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+    /// let data = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
+    /// let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(data.as_slice()).unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn from_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<MnemonicBase<W>, MnemonicGenerationError> {
         let bit_count = bytes.len() * 8;
 
         if bit_count % 32 != 0 {
@@ -245,88 +278,150 @@ impl Mnemonic {
             return Err(MnemonicGenerationError::InvalidByteLength(bit_count));
         }
 
-        Ok(unsafe { Self::from_raw_entropy(bytes, wordlist) })
+        Ok(unsafe { Self::from_raw_bytes(bytes) })
     }
 
+    /// Generate a [`Mnemonic`] from the provided data and [`Wordlist`]. The data is expected to be
+    /// of 128, 192, or 256 bits, as per BIP-0039.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// An error may be returned if the data is not within the expected lengths.
+    #[deprecated = "use Mnemonic::from_bytes"]
+    pub fn from_entropy(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<MnemonicBase<W>, MnemonicGenerationError> {
+        MnemonicBase::from_bytes(bytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a Mnemonic using an arbitrary length of given data. The length does not need to
+    /// conform to BIP-0039 standards, but should be a multiple of 32 bits or 4 bytes.
+    ///
     /// # Safety
     ///
     /// This function can potentially produce mnemonics that are not BIP-0039 compliant or can't
     /// properly be encoded as a mnemonic. It is assumed the caller asserts the byte count is `% 4
-    /// == 0`.
-    pub unsafe fn from_raw_entropy(bytes: &[u8], wordlist: Arc<Wordlist>) -> Mnemonic {
-        Mnemonic {
-            entropy: bytes.to_vec(),
-            wordlist,
+    /// == 0`. If the assumption is incorrect, code may panic.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+    /// let data = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
+    /// let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(data.as_slice()) };
+    /// let mnemonic_text = mnemonic.to_string();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// If given an invalid length, undefined behavior may follow, or code may panic.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,should_panic
+    /// use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+    /// use std::str::FromStr;
+    ///
+    /// // NOTE: Data is of invalid length, 31
+    /// let data = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
+    /// let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(data.as_slice()) };
+    /// let mnemonic_text = mnemonic.to_string();
+    /// // NOTE: panic happens here
+    /// let new_mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_str(&mnemonic_text).unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub unsafe fn from_raw_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> MnemonicBase<W> {
+        MnemonicBase {
+            data: bytes.to_vec(),
+            marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
-    /// The internal representation of the decoded data.
+    /// Create a Mnemonic using an arbitrary length of given data. The length does not need to
+    /// conform to BIP-0039 standards, but should be a multiple of 32 bits or 4 bytes.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// This function can potentially produce mnemonics that are not BIP-0039 compliant or can't
+    /// properly be encoded as a mnemonic. It is assumed the caller asserts the byte count is `% 4
+    /// == 0`. If the assumption is incorrect, code may panic.
+    #[deprecated = "use Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes"]
+    pub unsafe fn from_raw_entropy(bytes: &[u8]) -> MnemonicBase<W> {
+        MnemonicBase {
+            data: bytes.to_vec(),
+            marker: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A view to internal representation of the decoded data.
     pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
-        &self.entropy
+        &self.data
     }
 
-    /// The internal representation of the decoded data, as a [`Vec<u8>`].
+    /// A clone of the internal representation of the decoded data.
     pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        self.entropy.to_vec()
+        self.data.to_vec()
     }
 
-    /// Drop self, returning the decoded data.
+    /// Conver the Mnemonic into the internal representation of the decoded data.
     pub fn into_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        self.entropy
+        self.data
     }
 
-    /// Clone the existing entropy.
+    /// Clone the existing data.
     #[deprecated = "Use as_bytes(), to_bytes(), or into_bytes() instead"]
     pub fn entropy(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        self.entropy.clone()
+        self.data.clone()
     }
 
     /// Create a BIP-0032 seed from the provided data and an optional passphrase.
     ///
     /// # Errors
-    /// The method may return an error if the pbkdf2 function returns an invalid length, but this
-    /// case should not be reached.
+    /// The method should not return an error.
+    #[deprecated = "Use generate_seed() instead"]
     pub fn seed<'a>(
         &self,
         passphrase: impl Into<Option<&'a str>>,
     ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, MnemonicGenerationError> {
+        Ok(self.generate_seed(passphrase))
+    }
+
+    /// Create a BIP-0032 seed from the provided data and an optional passphrase.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// The function may panic if the HmacSha512 function returns an error. The only error the
+    /// HmacSha512 function should return is an invalid length, which should not be possible.
+    ///
+    pub fn generate_seed<'a>(&self, passphrase: impl Into<Option<&'a str>>) -> Vec<u8> {
         let passphrase = passphrase.into();
 
         let mut seed = [0u8; 64];
         let mnemonic = self.to_string();
         let salt = ["mnemonic", passphrase.unwrap_or("")].join("");
         pbkdf2::<Hmac<Sha512>>(mnemonic.as_bytes(), salt.as_bytes(), 2048, &mut seed)
-            .map_err(|_| MnemonicGenerationError::InvalidPbkdf2Length)?;
-        Ok(seed.to_vec())
+            .expect("HmacSha512 InvalidLength should be infallible");
+        seed.to_vec()
     }
 
-    /// Encode the mnemonic into a list of wordlist indexes.
-    pub fn words(self) -> (Vec<usize>, Arc<Wordlist>) {
-        let bit_count = self.entropy.len() * 8;
+    /// Encode the mnemonic into a list of integers 11 bits in length, matching the length of a
+    /// BIP-0039 wordlist.
+    pub fn words(&self) -> Vec<usize> {
+        let bit_count = self.data.len() * 8;
         let mut bits = vec![false; bit_count + bit_count / 32];
 
         for byte_index in 0..bit_count / 8 {
             for bit_index in 0..8 {
                 bits[byte_index * 8 + bit_index] =
-                    (self.entropy[byte_index] & (1 << (7 - bit_index))) > 0;
+                    (self.data[byte_index] & (1 << (7 - bit_index))) > 0;
             }
         }
 
         let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
-        hasher.update(&self.entropy);
+        hasher.update(&self.data);
         let hash = hasher.finalize().to_vec();
         for check_bit in 0..bit_count / 32 {
             bits[bit_count + check_bit] = (hash[check_bit / 8] & (1 << (7 - (check_bit % 8)))) > 0;
         }
 
-        let words = bits.chunks_exact(11).peekable().map(|chunk| {
+        // TODO: find a way to not have to collect to vec
+        bits.chunks_exact(11).peekable().map(|chunk| {
             let mut num = 0usize;
             for i in 0..11 {
                 num += usize::from(chunk[10 - i]) << i;
             }
             num
-        });
-        (words.collect(), self.wordlist.clone())
+        }).collect()
     }
 }
 
@@ -337,13 +432,8 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
-    fn wordlist_word_count_correct() {
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().into_inner();
-        assert_eq!(
-            wordlist.len(),
-            2usize.pow(11),
-            "Wordlist did not include correct word count"
-        );
+    fn can_load_wordlist() {
+        let _wordlist = English::get_singleton();
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -351,8 +441,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut random_handle = File::open("/dev/random").unwrap();
         let entropy = &mut [0u8; 256 / 8];
         random_handle.read_exact(&mut entropy[..]).unwrap();
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
-        let mnemonic = super::Mnemonic::from_entropy(&entropy[..256 / 8], wordlist).unwrap();
+        let mnemonic = super::Mnemonic::from_bytes(&entropy[..256 / 8]).unwrap();
         let new_entropy = mnemonic.as_bytes();
         assert_eq!(new_entropy, entropy);
     }
@@ -361,7 +450,6 @@ mod tests {
     fn conforms_to_trezor_tests() {
         let content = include_str!("data/vectors.json");
         let jsonobj: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(content).unwrap();
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
 
         for test in jsonobj["english"].as_array().unwrap() {
             let [ref hex_, ref seed, ..] = test.as_array().unwrap()[..] else {
@@ -369,7 +457,7 @@ mod tests {
             };
             let hex = hex::decode(hex_.as_str().unwrap()).unwrap();
 
-            let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_entropy(&hex, wordlist.clone()).unwrap();
+            let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(&hex).unwrap();
 
             assert_eq!(mnemonic.to_string(), seed.as_str().unwrap());
         }
@@ -380,17 +468,16 @@ mod tests {
         let mut random_handle = File::open("/dev/random").unwrap();
         let entropy = &mut [0u8; 256 / 8];
         random_handle.read_exact(&mut entropy[..]).unwrap();
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
-        let my_mnemonic = super::Mnemonic::from_entropy(&entropy[..256 / 8], wordlist).unwrap();
+        let my_mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(&entropy[..256 / 8]).unwrap();
         let their_mnemonic = bip39::Mnemonic::from_entropy(&entropy[..256 / 8]).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(my_mnemonic.to_string(), their_mnemonic.to_string());
-        assert_eq!(my_mnemonic.seed(None).unwrap(), their_mnemonic.to_seed(""));
+        assert_eq!(my_mnemonic.generate_seed(None), their_mnemonic.to_seed(""));
         assert_eq!(
-            my_mnemonic.seed("testing").unwrap(),
+            my_mnemonic.generate_seed("testing"),
             their_mnemonic.to_seed("testing")
         );
         assert_ne!(
-            my_mnemonic.seed("test1").unwrap(),
+            my_mnemonic.generate_seed("test1"),
             their_mnemonic.to_seed("test2")
         );
     }
@@ -400,14 +487,13 @@ mod tests {
         let tests = 100_000;
         let mut count = 0.;
         let entropy = &mut [0u8; 256 / 8];
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
         let mut random = std::fs::File::open("/dev/urandom").unwrap();
         let mut hs = HashSet::<usize>::with_capacity(24);
 
         for _ in 0..tests {
             random.read_exact(&mut entropy[..]).unwrap();
-            let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_entropy(&entropy[..256 / 8], wordlist.clone()).unwrap();
-            let (words, _) = mnemonic.words();
+            let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(&entropy[..256 / 8]).unwrap();
+            let words = mnemonic.words();
             hs.clear();
             hs.extend(words);
             if hs.len() != 24 {
@@ -435,11 +521,10 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn can_do_up_to_1024_bits() {
         let entropy = &mut [0u8; 128];
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
         let mut random = std::fs::File::open("/dev/urandom").unwrap();
         random.read_exact(&mut entropy[..]).unwrap();
-        let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_entropy(&entropy[..], wordlist.clone()) };
-        let (words, _) = mnemonic.words();
+        let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(&entropy[..]) };
+        let words = mnemonic.words();
         assert!(words.len() == 96);
     }
 }

crates/util/keyfork-prompt/examples/test-basic-prompt.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ use keyfork_prompt::{
     Terminal, PromptHandler,
 };
 
+use keyfork_mnemonic_util::English;
+
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let mut mgr = Terminal::new(stdin(), stdout())?;
     let transport_validator = mnemonic::MnemonicSetValidator {
@@ -16,18 +18,16 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         word_lengths: [24, 48],
     };
 
-    let mnemonics = mgr.prompt_validated_wordlist(
+    let mnemonics = mgr.prompt_validated_wordlist::<English, _>(
         "Enter a 9-word and 24-word mnemonic: ",
-        &Default::default(),
         3,
         transport_validator.to_fn(),
     )?;
     assert_eq!(mnemonics[0].as_bytes().len(), 12);
     assert_eq!(mnemonics[1].as_bytes().len(), 32);
 
-    let mnemonics = mgr.prompt_validated_wordlist(
+    let mnemonics = mgr.prompt_validated_wordlist::<English, _>(
         "Enter a 24 and 48-word mnemonic: ",
-        &Default::default(),
         3,
         combine_validator.to_fn(),
     )?;

crates/util/keyfork-prompt/src/lib.rs

@@ -51,31 +51,31 @@ pub trait PromptHandler {
     /// could not be read.
     fn prompt_input(&mut self, prompt: &str) -> Result<String>;
 
-    /// Prompt the user for input based on a wordlist.
+    /// Prompt the user for input based on a wordlist. A language must be specified as the generic
+    /// parameter `X` (any type implementing [`Wordlist`]) when parsing a wordlist.
     ///
     /// # Errors
     /// The method may return an error if the message was not able to be displayed or if the input
     /// could not be read.
     #[cfg(feature = "mnemonic")]
-    fn prompt_wordlist(&mut self, prompt: &str, wordlist: &Wordlist) -> Result<String>;
+    fn prompt_wordlist<X>(&mut self, prompt: &str) -> Result<String> where X: Wordlist;
 
     /// Prompt the user for input based on a wordlist, while validating the wordlist using a
-    /// provided parser function, returning the type from the parser.
+    /// provided parser function, returning the type from the parser. A language must be specified
+    /// as the generic parameter `X` (any type implementing [`Wordlist`]) when parsing a wordlist.
     ///
     /// # Errors
     /// The method may return an error if the message was not able to be displayed, if the input
     /// could not be read, or if the parser returned an error.
     #[cfg(feature = "mnemonic")]
-    fn prompt_validated_wordlist<V, F, E>(
+    fn prompt_validated_wordlist<X, V>(
         &mut self,
         prompt: &str,
-        wordlist: &Wordlist,
         retries: u8,
-        validator_fn: F,
+        validator_fn: impl Fn(String) -> Result<V, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>,
     ) -> Result<V, Error>
     where
-        F: Fn(String) -> Result<V, E>,
-        E: std::error::Error;
+        X: Wordlist;
 
     /// Prompt the user for a passphrase, which is hidden while typing.
     ///
@@ -90,15 +90,12 @@ pub trait PromptHandler {
     /// # Errors
     /// The method may return an error if the message was not able to be displayed, if the input
     /// could not be read, or if the parser returned an error.
-    fn prompt_validated_passphrase<V, F, E>(
+    fn prompt_validated_passphrase<V>(
         &mut self,
         prompt: &str,
         retries: u8,
-        validator_fn: F,
-    ) -> Result<V, Error>
-    where
-        F: Fn(String) -> Result<V, E>,
-        E: std::error::Error;
+        validator_fn: impl Fn(String) -> Result<V, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>,
+    ) -> Result<V, Error>;
 
     /// Prompt the user with a [`Message`].
     ///

crates/util/keyfork-prompt/src/terminal.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::{
+    borrow::Borrow,
     io::{stderr, stdin, BufRead, BufReader, Read, Stderr, Stdin, Write},
-    os::fd::AsRawFd, borrow::Borrow,
+    os::fd::AsRawFd,
 };
 
 use keyfork_crossterm::{
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ use keyfork_crossterm::{
     ExecutableCommand, QueueableCommand,
 };
 
-use crate::{PromptHandler, Message, Wordlist, Error};
+use crate::{Error, Message, PromptHandler, Wordlist};
 
 #[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub type Result<T, E = Error> = std::result::Result<T, E>;
@@ -155,11 +156,13 @@ where
     fn lock(&mut self) -> TerminalGuard<'_, R, W> {
         TerminalGuard::new(&mut self.read, &mut self.write, &mut self.terminal)
     }
-
 }
 
-impl<R, W> PromptHandler for Terminal<R, W> where R: Read + Sized, W: Write + AsRawFd + Sized {
-
+impl<R, W> PromptHandler for Terminal<R, W>
+where
+    R: Read + Sized,
+    W: Write + AsRawFd + Sized,
+{
     fn prompt_input(&mut self, prompt: &str) -> Result<String> {
         let mut terminal = self.lock().alternate_screen()?;
         terminal
@@ -182,20 +185,18 @@ impl<R, W> PromptHandler for Terminal<R, W> where R: Read + Sized, W: Write + As
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "mnemonic")]
-    fn prompt_validated_wordlist<V, F, E>(
+    fn prompt_validated_wordlist<X, V>(
         &mut self,
         prompt: &str,
-        wordlist: &Wordlist,
         retries: u8,
-        validator_fn: F,
+        validator_fn: impl Fn(String) -> Result<V, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>,
     ) -> Result<V, Error>
     where
-        F: Fn(String) -> Result<V, E>,
-        E: std::error::Error,
+        X: Wordlist,
     {
         let mut last_error = None;
         for _ in 0..retries {
-            let s = self.prompt_wordlist(prompt, wordlist)?;
+            let s = self.prompt_wordlist::<X>(prompt)?;
             match validator_fn(s) {
                 Ok(v) => return Ok(v),
                 Err(e) => {
@@ -214,7 +215,13 @@ impl<R, W> PromptHandler for Terminal<R, W> where R: Read + Sized, W: Write + As
 
     #[cfg(feature = "mnemonic")]
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
-    fn prompt_wordlist(&mut self, prompt: &str, wordlist: &Wordlist) -> Result<String> {
+    fn prompt_wordlist<X>(&mut self, prompt: &str) -> Result<String>
+    where
+        X: Wordlist,
+    {
+        let wordlist = X::get_singleton();
+        let words = wordlist.to_str_array();
+
         let mut terminal = self
             .lock()
             .alternate_screen()?
@@ -316,7 +323,7 @@ impl<R, W> PromptHandler for Terminal<R, W> where R: Read + Sized, W: Write + As
             let mut iter = printable_input.split_whitespace().peekable();
 
             while let Some(word) = iter.next() {
-                if wordlist.contains(word) {
+                if words.contains(&word) {
                     terminal.queue(PrintStyledContent(word.green()))?;
                 } else {
                     terminal.queue(PrintStyledContent(word.red()))?;
@@ -337,16 +344,12 @@ impl<R, W> PromptHandler for Terminal<R, W> where R: Read + Sized, W: Write + As
         Ok(input)
     }
 
-    fn prompt_validated_passphrase<V, F, E>(
+    fn prompt_validated_passphrase<V>(
         &mut self,
         prompt: &str,
         retries: u8,
-        validator_fn: F,
-    ) -> Result<V, Error>
-    where
-        F: Fn(String) -> Result<V, E>,
-        E: std::error::Error,
-    {
+        validator_fn: impl Fn(String) -> Result<V, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>,
+    ) -> Result<V, Error> {
         let mut last_error = None;
         for _ in 0..retries {
             let s = self.prompt_passphrase(prompt)?;

crates/util/keyfork-prompt/src/validators.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub trait Validator {
     type Error;
 
     /// Create a validator function from the given parameters.
-    fn to_fn(&self) -> Box<dyn Fn(String) -> Result<Self::Output, Self::Error>>;
+    fn to_fn(&self) -> Box<dyn Fn(String) -> Result<Self::Output, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>>;
 }
 
 /// A PIN could not be validated from the given input.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl Validator for PinValidator {
     type Output = String;
     type Error = PinError;
 
-    fn to_fn(&self) -> Box<dyn Fn(String) -> Result<String, PinError>> {
+    fn to_fn(&self) -> Box<dyn Fn(String) -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>> {
         let min_len = self.min_length.unwrap_or(usize::MIN);
         let max_len = self.max_length.unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
         let range = self.range.clone().unwrap_or('0'..='9');
@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ impl Validator for PinValidator {
             s.truncate(s.trim_end().len());
             let len = s.len();
             if len < min_len {
-                return Err(PinError::TooShort(len, min_len));
+                return Err(Box::new(PinError::TooShort(len, min_len)));
             }
             if len > max_len {
-                return Err(PinError::TooLong(len, max_len));
+                return Err(Box::new(PinError::TooLong(len, max_len)));
             }
             for (index, ch) in s.chars().enumerate() {
                 if !range.contains(&ch) {
-                    return Err(PinError::InvalidCharacters(ch, index));
+                    return Err(Box::new(PinError::InvalidCharacters(ch, index)));
                 }
             }
             Ok(s)
@@ -123,13 +123,13 @@ pub mod mnemonic {
         type Output = Mnemonic;
         type Error = MnemonicValidationError;
 
-        fn to_fn(&self) -> Box<dyn Fn(String) -> Result<Mnemonic, Self::Error>> {
+        fn to_fn(&self) -> Box<dyn Fn(String) -> Result<Mnemonic, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>> {
             let word_length = self.word_length.clone();
             Box::new(move |s: String| match word_length.as_ref() {
                 Some(wl) => {
                     let count = s.split_whitespace().count();
                     if !wl.matches(count) {
-                        return Err(Self::Error::InvalidLength(count, wl.clone()));
+                        return Err(Box::new(Self::Error::InvalidLength(count, wl.clone())));
                     }
                     let m = Mnemonic::from_str(&s)?;
                     Ok(m)
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ pub mod mnemonic {
         type Output = Mnemonic;
         type Error = MnemonicChoiceValidationError;
 
-        fn to_fn(&self) -> Box<dyn Fn(String) -> Result<Self::Output, Self::Error>> {
+        fn to_fn(&self) -> Box<dyn Fn(String) -> Result<Self::Output, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>> {
             let word_lengths = self.word_lengths.clone();
             Box::new(move |s: String| {
                 let count = s.split_whitespace().count();
@@ -175,10 +175,10 @@ pub mod mnemonic {
                         return Ok(m);
                     }
                 }
-                Err(MnemonicChoiceValidationError::InvalidLength(
+                Err(Box::new(MnemonicChoiceValidationError::InvalidLength(
                     count,
                     word_lengths.to_vec(),
-                ))
+                )))
             })
         }
     }
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ pub mod mnemonic {
         type Output = [Mnemonic; N];
         type Error = MnemonicSetValidationError;
 
-        fn to_fn(&self) -> Box<dyn Fn(String) -> Result<Self::Output, Self::Error>> {
+        fn to_fn(&self) -> Box<dyn Fn(String) -> Result<Self::Output, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>> {
             let word_lengths = self.word_lengths;
             Box::new(move |s: String| {
                 let mut counter: usize = 0;
@@ -219,15 +219,17 @@ pub mod mnemonic {
                         .take(word_length)
                         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                     if words.len() != word_length {
-                        return Err(MnemonicSetValidationError::InvalidSetLength(
+                        return Err(Box::new(MnemonicSetValidationError::InvalidSetLength(
                             word_set,
                             words.len(),
                             word_length,
-                        ));
+                        )));
                     }
                     let mnemonic = match Mnemonic::from_str(&words.join(" ")) {
                         Ok(m) => m,
-                        Err(e) => return Err(Self::Error::MnemonicFromStrError(word_set, e)),
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            return Err(Box::new(Self::Error::MnemonicFromStrError(word_set, e)))
+                        }
                     };
                     output.push(mnemonic);
                     counter += word_length;

crates/util/smex/src/lib.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,15 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for DecodeError {
 impl std::error::Error for DecodeError {}
 
 /// Encode a given input as a hex string.
-pub fn encode(input: &[u8]) -> String {
+///
+/// # Examples
+/// ```rust
+/// let data = b"hello world!";
+/// let result = smex::encode(&data);
+/// assert_eq!(result, "68656c6c6f20776f726c6421");
+/// ```
+pub fn encode(input: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> String {
+    let input = input.as_ref();
     let mut s = String::new();
     for byte in input {
         write!(s, "{byte:02x}").unwrap();
@@ -50,7 +58,26 @@ fn val(c: u8) -> Result<u8, DecodeError> {
 /// # Errors
 /// The function may error if a non-hex character is encountered or if the character count is not
 /// evenly divisible by two.
-pub fn decode(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DecodeError> {
+///
+/// # Examples
+/// ```rust
+/// let data = b"hello world!";
+/// let encoded = smex::encode(&data);
+/// let decoded = smex::decode(&encoded).unwrap();
+/// assert_eq!(data.as_slice(), decoded.as_slice());
+/// ```
+///
+/// The function may return an error if the given input is not valid hex.
+///
+/// ```rust,should_panic
+/// let data = b"hello world!";
+/// let mut encoded = smex::encode(&data);
+/// encoded.push('G');
+/// let decoded = smex::decode(&encoded).unwrap();
+/// assert_eq!(data.as_slice(), decoded.as_slice());
+/// ```
+pub fn decode(input: impl AsRef<str>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DecodeError> {
+    let input = input.as_ref();
     let len = input.len();
     if len % 2 != 0 {
         return Err(DecodeError::InvalidCharacterCount(len));