keyfork-mnemonic-util: major refactor of Mnemonic type, remove cloned Wordlist

Cargo.lock

@@ -1674,6 +1674,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "card-backend-pcsc",
  "clap",
  "clap_complete",
+ "keyfork-bin",
  "keyfork-derive-openpgp",
  "keyfork-derive-util",
  "keyfork-entropy",
@@ -1692,6 +1693,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "keyfork-bin"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "keyfork-crossterm"
 version = "0.27.1"

Cargo.toml

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ members = [
     "crates/qrcode/keyfork-qrcode",
     "crates/qrcode/keyfork-zbar",
     "crates/qrcode/keyfork-zbar-sys",
+    "crates/util/keyfork-bin",
     "crates/util/keyfork-crossterm",
     "crates/util/keyfork-entropy",
     "crates/util/keyfork-frame",

crates/keyfork-shard/src/lib.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use aes_gcm::{
     Aes256Gcm, KeyInit,
 };
 use hkdf::Hkdf;
-use keyfork_mnemonic_util::{Mnemonic, Wordlist};
+use keyfork_mnemonic_util::{English, Mnemonic};
 use keyfork_prompt::{
     validators::{mnemonic::MnemonicSetValidator, Validator},
     Message as PromptMessage, PromptHandler, Terminal,
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ const QRCODE_ERROR: &str = "Unable to scan a QR code. Falling back to text entry
 /// incompatible with the currently running version.
 pub fn remote_decrypt(w: &mut impl Write) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let mut pm = Terminal::new(stdin(), stdout())?;
-    let wordlist = Wordlist::default();
 
     let mut iter_count = None;
     let mut shares = vec![];
@@ -74,11 +73,9 @@ pub fn remote_decrypt(w: &mut impl Write) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Erro
     while iter_count.is_none() || iter_count.is_some_and(|i| i > 0) {
         iter += 1;
         let nonce = Aes256Gcm::generate_nonce(&mut OsRng);
-        let nonce_mnemonic =
+        let nonce_mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(nonce.as_slice()) };
-            unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(nonce.as_slice(), Default::default()) };
         let our_key = EphemeralSecret::random();
-        let key_mnemonic =
+        let key_mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(PublicKey::from(&our_key).as_bytes())?;
-            Mnemonic::from_bytes(PublicKey::from(&our_key).as_bytes(), Default::default())?;
 
         #[cfg(feature = "qrcode")]
         {
@@ -132,12 +129,12 @@ pub fn remote_decrypt(w: &mut impl Write) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Erro
                     word_lengths: [24, 48],
                 };
 
-                let [pubkey_mnemonic, payload_mnemonic] = pm.prompt_validated_wordlist(
+                let [pubkey_mnemonic, payload_mnemonic] = pm
-                    QRCODE_COULDNT_READ,
+                    .prompt_validated_wordlist::<English, _, _, _>(
-                    &wordlist,
+                        QRCODE_COULDNT_READ,
-                    3,
+                        3,
-                    validator.to_fn(),
+                        validator.to_fn(),
-                )?;
+                    )?;
                 let pubkey = pubkey_mnemonic
                     .as_bytes()
                     .try_into()

crates/keyfork-shard/src/openpgp.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use keyfork_derive_openpgp::{
     derive_util::{DerivationPath, PathError, VariableLengthSeed},
     XPrv,
 };
-use keyfork_mnemonic_util::{Mnemonic, MnemonicFromStrError, MnemonicGenerationError, Wordlist};
+use keyfork_mnemonic_util::{English, Mnemonic, MnemonicFromStrError, MnemonicGenerationError};
 use keyfork_prompt::{
     validators::{mnemonic::MnemonicSetValidator, Validator},
     Error as PromptError, Message as PromptMessage, PromptHandler, Terminal,
@@ -471,7 +471,6 @@ pub fn decrypt(
     encrypted_messages: &[EncryptedMessage],
 ) -> Result<()> {
     let mut pm = Terminal::new(stdin(), stdout())?;
-    let wordlist = Wordlist::default();
 
     let mut nonce_data: Option<[u8; 12]> = None;
     let mut pubkey_data: Option<[u8; 32]> = None;
@@ -496,8 +495,11 @@ pub fn decrypt(
             let validator = MnemonicSetValidator {
                 word_lengths: [9, 24],
             };
-            let [nonce_mnemonic, pubkey_mnemonic] =
+            let [nonce_mnemonic, pubkey_mnemonic] = pm.prompt_validated_wordlist::<English, _, _, _>(
-                pm.prompt_validated_wordlist(QRCODE_COULDNT_READ, &wordlist, 3, validator.to_fn())?;
+                QRCODE_COULDNT_READ,
+                3,
+                validator.to_fn(),
+            )?;
 
             let nonce = nonce_mnemonic
                 .as_bytes()
@@ -514,8 +516,7 @@ pub fn decrypt(
     let nonce = Nonce::<U12>::from_slice(&nonce);
 
     let our_key = EphemeralSecret::random();
-    let our_pubkey_mnemonic =
+    let our_pubkey_mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(PublicKey::from(&our_key).as_bytes())?;
-        Mnemonic::from_bytes(PublicKey::from(&our_key).as_bytes(), Default::default())?;
 
     let shared_secret = our_key.diffie_hellman(&PublicKey::from(pubkey)).to_bytes();
 
@@ -560,7 +561,7 @@ pub fn decrypt(
     }
 
     // safety: size of out_bytes is constant and always % 4 == 0
-    let payload_mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(&out_bytes, Default::default()) };
+    let payload_mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(&out_bytes) };
 
     #[cfg(feature = "qrcode")]
     {

crates/keyfork/Cargo.toml

@@ -43,3 +43,4 @@ openpgp-card-sequoia = { version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }
 openpgp-card = "0.4.1"
 clap_complete = { version = "4.4.6", optional = true }
 sequoia-openpgp = { version = "1.17.0", default-features = false, features = ["compression"] }
+keyfork-bin = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../util/keyfork-bin" }

crates/keyfork/src/cli/mnemonic.rs

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl MnemonicSeedSource {
             MnemonicSeedSource::Tarot => todo!(),
             MnemonicSeedSource::Dice => todo!(),
         };
-        let mnemonic = keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic::from_bytes(&seed, Default::default())?;
+        let mnemonic = keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic::from_bytes(&seed)?;
         Ok(mnemonic.to_string())
     }
 }

crates/keyfork/src/cli/recover.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::Keyfork;
 use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
-use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+use keyfork_mnemonic_util::{English, Mnemonic};
 use keyfork_shard::{
     openpgp::{combine, discover_certs, parse_messages},
     remote_decrypt,
@@ -69,9 +69,8 @@ impl RecoverSubcommands {
                 let validator = MnemonicChoiceValidator {
                     word_lengths: [WordLength::Count(12), WordLength::Count(24)],
                 };
-                let mnemonic = term.prompt_validated_wordlist(
+                let mnemonic = term.prompt_validated_wordlist::<English, _, _, _>(
                     "Mnemonic: ",
-                    &Default::default(),
                     3,
                     validator.to_fn(),
                 )?;
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ pub struct Recover {
 impl Recover {
     pub fn handle(&self, _k: &Keyfork) -> Result<()> {
         let seed = self.command.handle()?;
-        let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(&seed, Default::default())?;
+        let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(&seed)?;
         tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
             .enable_all()
             .build()

crates/keyfork/src/main.rs

@@ -6,21 +6,16 @@ use std::process::ExitCode;
 
 use clap::Parser;
 
+use keyfork_bin::{Bin, ClosureBin};
+
 mod cli;
 mod config;
 
 fn main() -> ExitCode {
-    let opts = cli::Keyfork::parse();
+    let bin = ClosureBin::new(|| {
+        let opts = cli::Keyfork::parse();
+        opts.command.handle(&opts)
+    });
 
-    if let Err(e) = opts.command.handle(&opts) {
+    bin.main()
-        eprintln!("Unable to run command: {e}");
-        let mut source = e.source();
-        while let Some(new_error) = source.take() {
-            eprintln!("Source: {new_error}");
-            source = new_error.source();
-        }
-        return ExitCode::FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    ExitCode::SUCCESS
 }

crates/util/keyfork-bin/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[package]
+name = "keyfork-bin"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+anyhow = "1.0.79"

crates/util/keyfork-bin/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#![allow(clippy::needless_doctest_main)]
+
+//! A convenient trait for quickly writing binaries in a consistent pattern.
+//!
+//! # Examples
+//! ```rust
+//! use anyhow::anyhow;
+//! use keyfork_bin::Bin;
+//!
+//! struct Main;
+//!
+//! impl Bin for Main {
+//!     type Args = (String, String);
+//!
+//!     fn usage_hint(&self) -> Option<String> {
+//!         Some(String::from("<param1> <param2>"))
+//!     }
+//!
+//!     fn validate_args(&self, mut args: impl Iterator<Item = String>) -> keyfork_bin::ProcessResult<Self::Args> {
+//!         let arg1 = args.next().ok_or(anyhow!("missing argument 1"))?;
+//!         let arg2 = args.next().ok_or(anyhow!("missing argument 2"))?;
+//!         Ok((arg1, arg2))
+//!     }
+//!
+//!     fn run(&self, (arg1, arg2): Self::Args) -> keyfork_bin::ProcessResult {
+//!         println!("First argument: {arg1}");
+//!         println!("Second argument: {arg2}");
+//!         Ok(())
+//!     }
+//!#
+//!#    fn main(&self) -> std::process::ExitCode {
+//!#        self.main_inner([String::from("hello"), String::from("world")].into_iter())
+//!#    }
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn main() {
+//!     // Assume the program was called with something like "hello world"...
+//!     let bin = Main;
+//!     bin.main();
+//! }
+//! ```
+
+use std::process::ExitCode;
+
+/// A result that may contain any error.
+pub type ProcessResult<T = ()> = Result<T, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>;
+
+fn report_err(e: Box<dyn std::error::Error>) {
+    eprintln!("Unable to run command: {e}");
+    let mut source = e.source();
+    while let Some(new_error) = source.take() {
+        eprintln!("- Caused by: {new_error}");
+        source = new_error.source();
+    }
+}
+
+/// A trait for implementing the flow of a binary's execution.
+pub trait Bin {
+    /// The type for command-line arguments required by the function.
+    type Args;
+
+    /// A usage hint for how the arguments should be provided to the program.
+    fn usage_hint(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// Validate the arguments provided by the user into types required by the binary.
+    #[allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+    fn validate_args(&self, args: impl Iterator<Item = String>) -> ProcessResult<Self::Args>;
+
+    /// Run the binary 
+    #[allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+    fn run(&self, args: Self::Args) -> ProcessResult;
+
+    /// The default handler for running the binary and reporting any errors.
+    fn main(&self) -> ExitCode {
+        self.main_inner(std::env::args())
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    fn main_inner(&self, mut args: impl Iterator<Item = String>) -> ExitCode {
+        let command = args.next();
+        let args = match self.validate_args(args) {
+            Ok(args) => args,
+            Err(e) => {
+                if let (Some(command), Some(hint)) = (command, self.usage_hint()) {
+                    eprintln!("Usage: {command} {hint}");
+                }
+                report_err(e);
+                return ExitCode::FAILURE;
+            }
+        };
+
+        if let Err(e) = self.run(args) {
+            report_err(e);
+            return ExitCode::FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        ExitCode::SUCCESS
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Bin that doesn't take any arguments.
+pub struct ClosureBin<F: Fn() -> ProcessResult> {
+    closure: F
+}
+
+impl<F> ClosureBin<F> where F: Fn() -> ProcessResult {
+    /// Create a new Bin from a closure.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use keyfork_bin::{Bin, ClosureBin};
+    ///
+    /// let bin = ClosureBin::new(|| {
+    ///     println!("Hello, world!");
+    ///     Ok(())
+    /// });
+    ///
+    /// bin.main();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn new(closure: F) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            closure
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F> Bin for ClosureBin<F> where F: Fn() -> ProcessResult {
+    type Args = ();
+
+    fn validate_args(&self, _args: impl Iterator<Item = String>) -> ProcessResult<Self::Args> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn run(&self, _args: Self::Args) -> ProcessResult {
+        let c = &self.closure;
+        c()
+    }
+}

crates/util/keyfork-mnemonic-util/src/bin/keyfork-mnemonic-from-seed.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     input.read_line(&mut line)?;
     let decoded = smex::decode(line.trim())?;
 
-    let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(&decoded, Default::default()) };
+    let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(&decoded) };
 
     println!("{mnemonic}");
 

crates/util/keyfork-mnemonic-util/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,59 @@
-//! Zero-dependency Mnemonic encoding and decoding.
+//! Zero-dependency mnemonic encoding and decoding of data.
+//!
+//! Mnemonics can be used to safely encode data of 32, 48, and 64 bytes as a phrase:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+//! let data = b"Hello, world! I am a mnemonic :)";
+//! assert_eq!(data.len(), 32);
+//! let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(data).unwrap();
+//! println!("Our mnemonic is: {mnemonic}");
+//! ```
+//!
+//! A mnemonic can also be parsed from a string:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+//! use std::str::FromStr;
+//!
+//! let data = b"Hello, world! I am a mnemonic :)";
+//! let words = "embody clock brand tattoo search desert saddle eternal
+//!              goddess animal banner dolphin bitter mother loyal asset
+//!              hover clock forward system normal mosquito trim credit";
+//! let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_str(words).unwrap();
+//! assert_eq!(&data[..], mnemonic.as_bytes());
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Mnemonics can also be used to store data of other lengths, but such functionality is not
+//! verified to be safe:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+//! let data = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
+//! let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(data.as_slice()) };
+//! let mnemonic_text = mnemonic.to_string();
+//! ```
+//!
+//! If given an invalid length, undefined behavior may follow, or code may panic.
+//!
+//! ```rust,should_panic
+//! use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
+//! use std::str::FromStr;
+//!
+//! // NOTE: Data is of invalid length, 31
+//! let data = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
+//! let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(data.as_slice()) };
+//! let mnemonic_text = mnemonic.to_string();
+//! // NOTE: panic happens here
+//! let new_mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_str(&mnemonic_text).unwrap();
+//! ```
 
 use std::{
     error::Error,
     fmt::Display,
     str::FromStr,
-    sync::{Arc, OnceLock},
+    sync::OnceLock,
+    marker::PhantomData,
 };
 
 use hmac::Hmac;
@@ -44,114 +93,65 @@ impl Display for MnemonicGenerationError {
 
 impl Error for MnemonicGenerationError {}
 
-/// A BIP-0039 compatible list of words.
+/// A trait representing a BIP-0039 wordlist, of 2048 words, with each word having a unique first
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+/// three letters.
-pub struct Wordlist(Vec<String>);
+pub trait Wordlist: std::fmt::Debug {
+    /// Get a reference to a [`std::sync::OnceLock`] Self.
+    fn get_singleton<'a>() -> &'a Self;
 
-static ENGLISH: OnceLock<Wordlist> = OnceLock::new();
+    /// Return a representation of the words in the wordlist as an array of [`str`].
-
+    fn to_str_array(&self) -> [&str; 2048];
-impl Default for Wordlist {
-    /// Returns the English wordlist in the Bitcoin BIP-0039 specification.
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        // TODO: English is the only supported language.
-        ENGLISH
-            .get_or_init(|| {
-                let wordlist_file = include_str!("data/wordlist.txt");
-                Wordlist(
-                    wordlist_file
-                        .lines()
-                        // skip 1: comment at top of file to point to BIP-0039 source.
-                        .skip(1)
-                        .map(|x| x.trim().to_string())
-                        .collect(),
-                )
-                .shrank()
-            })
-            .clone()
-    }
 }
 
-impl Wordlist {
+/// A wordlist for the English language, from the BIP-0039 dataset.
-    /// Return an Arced version of the Wordlist
+#[derive(Debug)]
-    #[allow(clippy::must_use_candidate)]
+pub struct English {
-    pub fn arc(self) -> Arc<Self> {
+    words: [String; 2048],
-        Arc::new(self)
+}
+
+static ENGLISH: OnceLock<English> = OnceLock::new();
+
+impl Wordlist for English {
+    fn get_singleton<'a>() -> &'a Self {
+        ENGLISH.get_or_init(|| {
+            let wordlist_file = include_str!("data/wordlist.txt");
+            let mut words = wordlist_file
+                .lines()
+                .skip(1)
+                .map(|x| x.trim().to_string());
+            English {
+                words: std::array::from_fn(|_| words.next().expect("wordlist has 2048 words")),
+            }
+        })
     }
 
-    /// Return a shrank version of the Wordlist
+    fn to_str_array(&self) -> [&str; 2048] {
-    pub fn shrank(mut self) -> Self {
+        std::array::from_fn(|i| self.words[i].as_str())
-        self.0.shrink_to_fit();
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Determine whether the Wordlist contains a given word.
-    pub fn contains(&self, word: &str) -> bool {
-        self.0.iter().any(|w| w.as_str() == word)
-    }
-
-    /// Given an index, get a word from the wordlist.
-    pub fn get_word(&self, word: usize) -> Option<&String> {
-        self.0.get(word)
-    }
-
-    /*
-    fn inner(&self) -> &Vec<String> {
-        &self.0
-    }
-    */
-
-    #[cfg(test)]
-    fn into_inner(self) -> Vec<String> {
-        self.0
     }
 }
 
 /// A BIP-0039 mnemonic with reference to a [`Wordlist`].
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct Mnemonic {
+pub struct MnemonicBase<W: Wordlist> {
     data: Vec<u8>,
-    // words: Vec<usize>,
+    marker: PhantomData<W>,
-    wordlist: Arc<Wordlist>,
 }
 
-impl PartialEq for Mnemonic {
+/// A default Mnemonic using the English language.
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+pub type Mnemonic = MnemonicBase<English>;
-        self.data.eq(&other.data)
-    }
-}
 
-impl Eq for Mnemonic {}
+impl<W> Display for MnemonicBase<W>
-
+where
-impl Display for Mnemonic {
+    W: Wordlist,
+{
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let bit_count = self.data.len() * 8;
+        let wordlist = W::get_singleton();
-        let mut bits = vec![false; bit_count + bit_count / 32];
+        let words = wordlist.to_str_array();
 
-        for byte_index in 0..bit_count / 8 {
+        let mut iter = self
-            for bit_index in 0..8 {
+            .words()
-                bits[byte_index * 8 + bit_index] =
+            .into_iter()
-                    (self.data[byte_index] & (1 << (7 - bit_index))) > 0;
+            .filter_map(|word| words.get(word))
-            }
-        }
-
-        let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
-        hasher.update(&self.data);
-        let hash = hasher.finalize().to_vec();
-        for check_bit in 0..bit_count / 32 {
-            bits[bit_count + check_bit] = (hash[check_bit / 8] & (1 << (7 - (check_bit % 8)))) > 0;
-        }
-
-        let mut iter = bits
-            .chunks_exact(11)
-            .peekable()
-            .map(|chunk| {
-                let mut num = 0usize;
-                for i in 0..11 {
-                    num += usize::from(chunk[10 - i]) << i;
-                }
-                num
-            })
-            .filter_map(|word| self.wordlist.get_word(word))
             .peekable();
         while let Some(word) = iter.next() {
             f.write_str(word)?;
@@ -196,17 +196,20 @@ impl Display for MnemonicFromStrError {
 
 impl Error for MnemonicFromStrError {}
 
-impl FromStr for Mnemonic {
+impl<W> FromStr for MnemonicBase<W>
+where
+    W: Wordlist,
+{
     type Err = MnemonicFromStrError;
 
     fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        let wordlist = W::get_singleton();
+        let wordlist_words = wordlist.to_str_array();
         let words: Vec<_> = s.split_whitespace().collect();
         let mut usize_words = vec![];
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
         let mut bits = vec![false; words.len() * 11];
         for (index, word) in words.iter().enumerate() {
-            let word = wordlist
+            let word = wordlist_words
-                .0
                 .iter()
                 .position(|w| w == word)
                 .ok_or(MnemonicFromStrError::InvalidWord(index))?;
@@ -244,15 +247,14 @@ impl FromStr for Mnemonic {
             }
         }
 
-        Ok(Mnemonic {
+        Ok(MnemonicBase { data, marker: PhantomData })
-            data,
-            // words: usize_words,
-            wordlist,
-        })
     }
 }
 
-impl Mnemonic {
+impl<W> MnemonicBase<W>
+where
+    W: Wordlist,
+{
     /// Generate a [`Mnemonic`] from the provided data and [`Wordlist`]. The data is expected to be
     /// of 128, 192, or 256 bits, as per BIP-0039.
     ///
@@ -263,12 +265,9 @@ impl Mnemonic {
     /// ```rust
     /// use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
     /// let data = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
-    /// let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(data.as_slice(), Default::default()).unwrap();
+    /// let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(data.as_slice()).unwrap();
     /// ```
-    pub fn from_bytes(
+    pub fn from_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<MnemonicBase<W>, MnemonicGenerationError> {
-        bytes: &[u8],
-        wordlist: Arc<Wordlist>,
-    ) -> Result<Mnemonic, MnemonicGenerationError> {
         let bit_count = bytes.len() * 8;
 
         if bit_count % 32 != 0 {
@@ -279,7 +278,7 @@ impl Mnemonic {
             return Err(MnemonicGenerationError::InvalidByteLength(bit_count));
         }
 
-        Ok(unsafe { Self::from_raw_bytes(bytes, wordlist) })
+        Ok(unsafe { Self::from_raw_bytes(bytes) })
     }
 
     /// Generate a [`Mnemonic`] from the provided data and [`Wordlist`]. The data is expected to be
@@ -288,11 +287,8 @@ impl Mnemonic {
     /// # Errors
     /// An error may be returned if the data is not within the expected lengths.
     #[deprecated = "use Mnemonic::from_bytes"]
-    pub fn from_entropy(
+    pub fn from_entropy(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<MnemonicBase<W>, MnemonicGenerationError> {
-        bytes: &[u8],
+        MnemonicBase::from_bytes(bytes)
-        wordlist: Arc<Wordlist>,
-    ) -> Result<Mnemonic, MnemonicGenerationError> {
-        Mnemonic::from_bytes(bytes, wordlist)
     }
 
     /// Create a Mnemonic using an arbitrary length of given data. The length does not need to
@@ -308,7 +304,7 @@ impl Mnemonic {
     /// ```rust
     /// use keyfork_mnemonic_util::Mnemonic;
     /// let data = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
-    /// let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(data.as_slice(), Default::default()) };
+    /// let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(data.as_slice()) };
     /// let mnemonic_text = mnemonic.to_string();
     /// ```
     ///
@@ -320,15 +316,15 @@ impl Mnemonic {
     ///
     /// // NOTE: Data is of invalid length, 31
     /// let data = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
-    /// let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(data.as_slice(), Default::default()) };
+    /// let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(data.as_slice()) };
     /// let mnemonic_text = mnemonic.to_string();
     /// // NOTE: panic happens here
     /// let new_mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_str(&mnemonic_text).unwrap();
     /// ```
-    pub unsafe fn from_raw_bytes(bytes: &[u8], wordlist: Arc<Wordlist>) -> Mnemonic {
+    pub unsafe fn from_raw_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> MnemonicBase<W> {
-        Mnemonic {
+        MnemonicBase {
             data: bytes.to_vec(),
-            wordlist,
+            marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
@@ -341,10 +337,10 @@ impl Mnemonic {
     /// properly be encoded as a mnemonic. It is assumed the caller asserts the byte count is `% 4
     /// == 0`. If the assumption is incorrect, code may panic.
     #[deprecated = "use Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes"]
-    pub unsafe fn from_raw_entropy(bytes: &[u8], wordlist: Arc<Wordlist>) -> Mnemonic{
+    pub unsafe fn from_raw_entropy(bytes: &[u8]) -> MnemonicBase<W> {
-        Mnemonic {
+        MnemonicBase {
             data: bytes.to_vec(),
-            wordlist,
+            marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
@@ -400,7 +396,7 @@ impl Mnemonic {
 
     /// Encode the mnemonic into a list of integers 11 bits in length, matching the length of a
     /// BIP-0039 wordlist.
-    pub fn words(self) -> (Vec<usize>, Arc<Wordlist>) {
+    pub fn words(&self) -> Vec<usize> {
         let bit_count = self.data.len() * 8;
         let mut bits = vec![false; bit_count + bit_count / 32];
 
@@ -418,14 +414,14 @@ impl Mnemonic {
             bits[bit_count + check_bit] = (hash[check_bit / 8] & (1 << (7 - (check_bit % 8)))) > 0;
         }
 
-        let words = bits.chunks_exact(11).peekable().map(|chunk| {
+        // TODO: find a way to not have to collect to vec
+        bits.chunks_exact(11).peekable().map(|chunk| {
             let mut num = 0usize;
             for i in 0..11 {
                 num += usize::from(chunk[10 - i]) << i;
             }
             num
-        });
+        }).collect()
-        (words.collect(), self.wordlist.clone())
     }
 }
 
@@ -436,13 +432,8 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
-    fn wordlist_word_count_correct() {
+    fn can_load_wordlist() {
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().into_inner();
+        let _wordlist = English::get_singleton();
-        assert_eq!(
-            wordlist.len(),
-            2usize.pow(11),
-            "Wordlist did not include correct word count"
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -450,8 +441,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut random_handle = File::open("/dev/random").unwrap();
         let entropy = &mut [0u8; 256 / 8];
         random_handle.read_exact(&mut entropy[..]).unwrap();
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
+        let mnemonic = super::Mnemonic::from_bytes(&entropy[..256 / 8]).unwrap();
-        let mnemonic = super::Mnemonic::from_bytes(&entropy[..256 / 8], wordlist).unwrap();
         let new_entropy = mnemonic.as_bytes();
         assert_eq!(new_entropy, entropy);
     }
@@ -460,7 +450,6 @@ mod tests {
     fn conforms_to_trezor_tests() {
         let content = include_str!("data/vectors.json");
         let jsonobj: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(content).unwrap();
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
 
         for test in jsonobj["english"].as_array().unwrap() {
             let [ref hex_, ref seed, ..] = test.as_array().unwrap()[..] else {
@@ -468,7 +457,7 @@ mod tests {
             };
             let hex = hex::decode(hex_.as_str().unwrap()).unwrap();
 
-            let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(&hex, wordlist.clone()).unwrap();
+            let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(&hex).unwrap();
 
             assert_eq!(mnemonic.to_string(), seed.as_str().unwrap());
         }
@@ -479,8 +468,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut random_handle = File::open("/dev/random").unwrap();
         let entropy = &mut [0u8; 256 / 8];
         random_handle.read_exact(&mut entropy[..]).unwrap();
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
+        let my_mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(&entropy[..256 / 8]).unwrap();
-        let my_mnemonic = super::Mnemonic::from_bytes(&entropy[..256 / 8], wordlist).unwrap();
         let their_mnemonic = bip39::Mnemonic::from_entropy(&entropy[..256 / 8]).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(my_mnemonic.to_string(), their_mnemonic.to_string());
         assert_eq!(my_mnemonic.generate_seed(None), their_mnemonic.to_seed(""));
@@ -499,14 +487,13 @@ mod tests {
         let tests = 100_000;
         let mut count = 0.;
         let entropy = &mut [0u8; 256 / 8];
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
         let mut random = std::fs::File::open("/dev/urandom").unwrap();
         let mut hs = HashSet::<usize>::with_capacity(24);
 
         for _ in 0..tests {
             random.read_exact(&mut entropy[..]).unwrap();
-            let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(&entropy[..256 / 8], wordlist.clone()).unwrap();
+            let mnemonic = Mnemonic::from_bytes(&entropy[..256 / 8]).unwrap();
-            let (words, _) = mnemonic.words();
+            let words = mnemonic.words();
             hs.clear();
             hs.extend(words);
             if hs.len() != 24 {
@@ -534,11 +521,10 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn can_do_up_to_1024_bits() {
         let entropy = &mut [0u8; 128];
-        let wordlist = Wordlist::default().arc();
         let mut random = std::fs::File::open("/dev/urandom").unwrap();
         random.read_exact(&mut entropy[..]).unwrap();
-        let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(&entropy[..], wordlist.clone()) };
+        let mnemonic = unsafe { Mnemonic::from_raw_bytes(&entropy[..]) };
-        let (words, _) = mnemonic.words();
+        let words = mnemonic.words();
         assert!(words.len() == 96);
     }
 }

crates/util/keyfork-prompt/examples/test-basic-prompt.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ use keyfork_prompt::{
     Terminal, PromptHandler,
 };
 
+use keyfork_mnemonic_util::English;
+
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let mut mgr = Terminal::new(stdin(), stdout())?;
     let transport_validator = mnemonic::MnemonicSetValidator {
@@ -16,18 +18,16 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         word_lengths: [24, 48],
     };
 
-    let mnemonics = mgr.prompt_validated_wordlist(
+    let mnemonics = mgr.prompt_validated_wordlist::<English, _, _, _>(
         "Enter a 9-word and 24-word mnemonic: ",
-        &Default::default(),
         3,
         transport_validator.to_fn(),
     )?;
     assert_eq!(mnemonics[0].as_bytes().len(), 12);
     assert_eq!(mnemonics[1].as_bytes().len(), 32);
 
-    let mnemonics = mgr.prompt_validated_wordlist(
+    let mnemonics = mgr.prompt_validated_wordlist::<English, _, _, _>(
         "Enter a 24 and 48-word mnemonic: ",
-        &Default::default(),
         3,
         combine_validator.to_fn(),
     )?;

crates/util/keyfork-prompt/src/lib.rs

@@ -51,31 +51,33 @@ pub trait PromptHandler {
     /// could not be read.
     fn prompt_input(&mut self, prompt: &str) -> Result<String>;
 
-    /// Prompt the user for input based on a wordlist.
+    /// Prompt the user for input based on a wordlist. A language must be specified as the generic
+    /// parameter `X` (any type implementing [`Wordlist`]) when parsing a wordlist.
     ///
     /// # Errors
     /// The method may return an error if the message was not able to be displayed or if the input
     /// could not be read.
     #[cfg(feature = "mnemonic")]
-    fn prompt_wordlist(&mut self, prompt: &str, wordlist: &Wordlist) -> Result<String>;
+    fn prompt_wordlist<X>(&mut self, prompt: &str) -> Result<String> where X: Wordlist;
 
     /// Prompt the user for input based on a wordlist, while validating the wordlist using a
-    /// provided parser function, returning the type from the parser.
+    /// provided parser function, returning the type from the parser. A language must be specified
+    /// as the generic parameter `X` (any type implementing [`Wordlist`]) when parsing a wordlist.
     ///
     /// # Errors
     /// The method may return an error if the message was not able to be displayed, if the input
     /// could not be read, or if the parser returned an error.
     #[cfg(feature = "mnemonic")]
-    fn prompt_validated_wordlist<V, F, E>(
+    fn prompt_validated_wordlist<X, V, F, E>(
         &mut self,
         prompt: &str,
-        wordlist: &Wordlist,
         retries: u8,
         validator_fn: F,
     ) -> Result<V, Error>
     where
         F: Fn(String) -> Result<V, E>,
-        E: std::error::Error;
+        E: std::error::Error,
+        X: Wordlist;
 
     /// Prompt the user for a passphrase, which is hidden while typing.
     ///

crates/util/keyfork-prompt/src/terminal.rs

@@ -182,20 +182,20 @@ impl<R, W> PromptHandler for Terminal<R, W> where R: Read + Sized, W: Write + As
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "mnemonic")]
-    fn prompt_validated_wordlist<V, F, E>(
+    fn prompt_validated_wordlist<X, V, F, E>(
         &mut self,
         prompt: &str,
-        wordlist: &Wordlist,
         retries: u8,
         validator_fn: F,
     ) -> Result<V, Error>
     where
         F: Fn(String) -> Result<V, E>,
         E: std::error::Error,
+        X: Wordlist,
     {
         let mut last_error = None;
         for _ in 0..retries {
-            let s = self.prompt_wordlist(prompt, wordlist)?;
+            let s = self.prompt_wordlist::<X>(prompt)?;
             match validator_fn(s) {
                 Ok(v) => return Ok(v),
                 Err(e) => {
@@ -214,7 +214,10 @@ impl<R, W> PromptHandler for Terminal<R, W> where R: Read + Sized, W: Write + As
 
     #[cfg(feature = "mnemonic")]
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
-    fn prompt_wordlist(&mut self, prompt: &str, wordlist: &Wordlist) -> Result<String> {
+    fn prompt_wordlist<X>(&mut self, prompt: &str) -> Result<String> where X: Wordlist {
+        let wordlist = X::get_singleton();
+        let words = wordlist.to_str_array();
+
         let mut terminal = self
             .lock()
             .alternate_screen()?
@@ -316,7 +319,7 @@ impl<R, W> PromptHandler for Terminal<R, W> where R: Read + Sized, W: Write + As
             let mut iter = printable_input.split_whitespace().peekable();
 
             while let Some(word) = iter.next() {
-                if wordlist.contains(word) {
+                if words.contains(&word) {
                     terminal.queue(PrintStyledContent(word.green()))?;
                 } else {
                     terminal.queue(PrintStyledContent(word.red()))?;