f690b8e362 Be more liberal when parsing Denomination (Tobin Harding)
628168e493 Add missing white space character (Tobin Harding)
Pull request description:
There is no reason to force users to use a particular format or case for `Denomination` strings. Users may wish to write any of the following and all seem reasonable
- 100 sats
- 100 sat
- 100 SAT
The same goes for various other `Denomination`s.
- Patch 1 enables usage of "sats", "sat", "bit", "bits"
- Patch 2 enables usage of various lower/uper case formatting
Fixes: #729
ACKs for top commit:
Kixunil:
ACK f690b8e362
apoelstra:
ACK f690b8e362
Tree-SHA512: a785608e19a7ba6f689dc022cb17a709041ff56abeaa74649d0832a8bd8aac4593c7a79b46a47dd417796c588d669f50fb3c8b8a984be332ca38a1fef2dcd4ce
779d4110c6 Fixed a bunch of clippy lints, added clippy.toml (Martin Habovstiak)
Pull request description:
This is the initial step towards using and maybe enforcing clippy.
It does not fix all lints as some are not applicable. They may be
explicitly ignored later.
Some discussion about clippy was in #685
ACKs for top commit:
apoelstra:
ACK 779d4110c6
RCasatta:
ACK 779d4110c6
Tree-SHA512: fb9192c77565a0b1b2118877c6413945d65900e4e95b3741107bf6cddef1fa65ff09fc5b7814de421382292321cca6bd860bf17b73a227d193a0a13758ee25eb
7aacc3782a Add tests from BIP341 (sanket1729)
61629cc733 Make taproot hashes forward display (sanket1729)
Pull request description:
Add tests for taproot.
- ~Also fixes one bug in #677, namely, I was returning `LeafVersion::default()` instead of given version~
- ~ Fixes a bug in #691 about taking secp context as a reference instead of consuming it. This should have not passed my review, but this is easy to miss. ~
- Makes the display on taproot hashes forward instead of the reverse (because the BIP prints in a forward way, I think we should too and it is more natural. )
ACKs for top commit:
RCasatta:
ACK 7aacc3782a
apoelstra:
ACK 7aacc3782a
Tree-SHA512: 2e0442131fc036ffa10f88c91c8fc02d9b67ff6c16c592aa6f4e6a220c26a00fc6ca95a288f14aa40667a289fb0446219fd6c76c0196ead766252356592b9941
There is no reason to force users to use one particular form when
providing a denomination string. We can be liberal in what we accept
with no loss of clarity.
Allow `Denomination` strings to use a variety of forms, in particular
lower case and uppercase.
Note, we explicitly disallow various forms of `Msat` because it is
ambiguous whether this means milli or mega sats.
Co-developed-by: Martin Habovštiak <martin.habovstiak@gmail.com>
This is the initial step towards using and maybe enforcing clippy.
It does not fix all lints as some are not applicable. They may be
explicitly ignored later.
b454cf8e15 Return None from merkle_root functions (Tobin Harding)
7a8b017ea3 Use correct spelling of merkle (Tobin Harding)
Pull request description:
~Do two minor refactorings to the `bitcoin_merkle_root[_inline] functions.~
This PR has grown, is no longer a refactoring because the two functions have been changed to return an `Option`.
First patch is cleanup. Here is the commit message for the second patch
```
The merkle_root of an empty tree is undefined, this is the only error
case we have for the two `bitcoin_merkle_root*` functions. We can fully
describe this error case by returning an `Option` if args are found to
be empty.
While we are at it, refactor out a recursive helper function to make
reading the code between the two functions easier.
```
ACKs for top commit:
Kixunil:
ACK b454cf8e15
dr-orlovsky:
ACK b454cf8e15
Tree-SHA512: 961714a8b0eb0dad493a1548317d875d64ca22d2d584c905c502369b5f6e5a9f8be1edd7345136b44964dc0bde7a4c43bfaff4287d1dbf7fd736da79818074e3
8361129518 Add SchnorrSig type (sanket1729)
94cfe79170 Rename existing SigHashType to EcdsaSigHashType (sanket1729)
648b3975a5 Add SchnorrSigHashType::from_u8 (sanket1729)
410e8bf46c Rename sighash::SigHashType::SigHashType to SchnorrSigHashType (sanket1729)
fa112a793a Add EcdsaSig (sanket1729)
Pull request description:
Fixes#670 . Separates `SchnorrSigHashType` and `LegacySigHashType`. Also adds the following new structs:
```rust
pub struct SchnorrSig {
/// The underlying schnorr signature
pub sig: secp256k1::schnorrsig::Signature,
/// The corresponding hash type
pub hash_ty: SchnorrSigHashType,
}
pub struct EcdsaSig {
/// The underlying DER serialized Signature
pub sig: secp256k1::Signature,
/// The corresponding hash type
pub hash_ty: LegacySigHashType,
}
```
This code is currently minimal to aid reviews. We can at a later point implement (Encodeable, psbt::Serialize, FromHex, ToHex) etc in follow-up PRs.
ACKs for top commit:
Kixunil:
ACK 8361129518
RCasatta:
ACK 8361129518
Tree-SHA512: 800ddcb3677a4f19e9d1c2a7eb7e95b0a677e9135e1e99f9e42956fc6a3fc94f639403076b4925b3adba6fdd95f56a99c2e47d0310675ad51ce5e7453c7355b6
506e03fa4d util/address: use hash functions of PublicKey/Script (Marko Bencun)
f826316c25 util/address: avoid .expect/panic (Marko Bencun)
ad83f6ae00 util/address: make address encoding more modular (Marko Bencun)
Pull request description:
This allow library clients to plug their own encoding parameters in a
backwards compatible manner.
Top commit has no ACKs.
Tree-SHA512: ae2ececbdfe4984fd62c975f4956686d79f6f5a6e65c34b55daa76fe785b8483ed7f35208d36b8bee545c7edd39ac878277a0fb8ea8c64a1943081e15c818bff
b5bf6d7319 Improve rustdocs on schnorr module (Tobin Harding)
a6d3514f2b Return parity when doing tap_tweak (Tobin Harding)
7af0999745 Re-name TweakedPublicKey constructor (Tobin Harding)
3c3cf0396b Remove use of unreachable in error branch (Tobin Harding)
d8e42d153e Remove 'what' comments (Tobin Harding)
b60db79a3b Use un/tweaked public key types (Tobin Harding)
402bd993b2 Add standard derives to TweakedPublickKey (Tobin Harding)
9c015d9ce3 Add newline to end of file (Tobin Harding)
Pull request description:
We have two types for tweaked/untweaked schnorr public keys to help users of the taproot API not mix these two keys up. Currently the `taproot` module uses 'raw' `schnoor::PublicKey`s.
Use the `schnoor` module's tweak/untweaked public key types for the `taproot` API.
Fixes: #725
Please note, I saw this was labeled 'good-first-issue' but I ignored that and greedily implemented a solution because of two reasons
1. We want to get taproot stuff done post haste.
2. I'm struggling to follow what is going on with all the taproot work so this seemed like a way to get my hands dirty.
ACKs for top commit:
dr-orlovsky:
utACK b5bf6d7319
sanket1729:
ACK b5bf6d7319
Tree-SHA512: e3e0480e0d193877c33ac11d0e3a288b0393d9475b26056914e439cb3f19583c1936e70d048df8d2120a36a63b6b592d12e21ca3ab7e058dce6f8f873c3b598b
1518517374 Decrease Huffman weight type to 32 bits (Jeremy Rubin)
Pull request description:
This builds on https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin/pull/699 but is the more bikesheddable part since it changes the API.
> u32 of weight should be enough for any branch.
-- Bill Gates
ACKs for top commit:
dr-orlovsky:
utACK 1518517374
Kixunil:
ACK 1518517374
Tree-SHA512: 9c507ae6129dda8dc069b0a142181a78cf89cb3ebf9d2169c46662822cb4ea9ed075bf484528f5399fe0ed383a425174a702e2d685f31c246f5a86c46ed17c3a
Currently we calculate the parity during `tap_tweak` but do not return
it, this means others must re-do work done inside `tap_tweak` in order
to calculate the parity. We can just return the parity along with the
tweaked key.
Keeping inline with the method on `UntweakedPublicKey` that outputs a
`TweakedPublicKey` we can use the same name, for the same reasons.
Use `dangerous_assume_tweaked` as the constructor name to highlight the
fact that this constructor should probably not be being used.
We currently run `tweak_add_check` and use the result as a conditional
branch, the error path of which uses `unreachable`. This usage of
`unreachable` is non-typical. An 'unreachable' statement is by
definition supposed to be unreachable, it is not clear why we would need
to have a conditional branch to check an unreachable statement.
Use `debug_assert!` so programmer errors get caught in un-optimised
builds but in optimised builds the call to `tweak_add_check` is not even
done.
We have two types for tweaked/untweaked schnorr public keys to help
users of the taproot API not mix these two keys up. Currently the
`taproot` module uses 'raw' `schnoor::PublicKey`s.
Use the `schnoor` module's tweak/untweaked public key types for the
`taproot` API.
The merkle_root of an empty tree is undefined, this is the only error
case we have for the two `bitcoin_merkle_root*` functions. We can fully
describe this error case by returning an `Option` if args are found to
be empty. We can do the same for the wrapper functions in `block`
module.
While we are at it, refactor out a recursive helper function to make
reading the code between the two functions easier.
5b21a9cb1f Use TapTweakHash method for computing tweak (Noah)
Pull request description:
Quick follow up PR to #691 using a method from #677.
### Changes
- Updated `UntweakedPublicKey::tap_tweak(...)` to use `TapTweakHash::from_key_and_tweak(...)`
ACKs for top commit:
Kixunil:
ACK 5b21a9cb1f
dr-orlovsky:
utACK 5b21a9cb1f
Tree-SHA512: d00455bba51981e9ec942a6cf69672666e227850d073b1fdcd92d2eb6ad553659fb2967aec2ce12d3ed109cee5fa125cdda649cddb25404f08adae2bfd3e19bb
e7b84e20d3 Use expect for concensus_encode on Vec (Tobin Harding)
4031fbf4ba Use expect for concensus_encode on sinks (Tobin Harding)
fa513bb5b5 Use expect for concensus_encode on engines (Tobin Harding)
a2efafcf9a Use error instead of err (Tobin Harding)
Pull request description:
Calls to `unwrap` outside of tests are generally unfavourable. We currently call `unwrap` in a bunch of places on calls to `consensus_encode` when passing writers that do not fail.
Remove `unwrap` calls on all calls to `consensus_encode` that pass a writer argument for which write functions do not fail. Use `expect` with a descriptive string instead.
Fixes: #714
ACKs for top commit:
Kixunil:
ACK e7b84e20d3
RCasatta:
ACK e7b84e20d3
Tree-SHA512: 3f84598a14ecf3dcde4f418ad1a1dc5278b3ef8b2604f4e9fc4cf4e9aed8390a4a1cf0df47edb5956cc5b667d6c8864e34621c0dae974ea75d6daf1b133165dd
Calls to `unwrap` outside of tests are typically unfavourable.
In memory writers (`Vec`) do not error. We can use `expect` with a
descriptive message string to indicate this.
Calls to `unwrap` outside of tests are typically unfavourable.
Hash engines do not error when calling `consensus_encode`. Instead of
the current usage of `unwrap` we can use `expect` with a descriptive
string as is done in other parts of the codebase.
In the name of uniformity use the same error message as argument to
`expect` througout the codebase.
Use "engines don't error" instead of "engines don't err".
f2a6827982 Fix BinaryHeap direction for Taproot Huffman Encoder (Jeremy Rubin)
cccd75d004 Fix Weighting Addition to never error on overflow + prevent overflows from ever happening with wider integers (Jeremy Rubin)
Pull request description:
I noticed one cleanup & one bugfix while looking into the huffman algorithm:
1) the cleanup: we can use a u128 to guarantee no overflows, and saturating_add to guarantee reasonable behavior in any case
2) the bug: the binary heap is a max heap so the behavior ends up merging the nodes of the most likely entries repeatedly. a huffman encoder requires merging the least likely elements, so it should be reversed.
ACKs for top commit:
sanket1729:
ACK f2a6827982
dr-orlovsky:
utACK f2a6827982
Tree-SHA512: 07cadb8dd5cc2b7e6ae3ebc2c1639de054e41bcd7f3b7d338a93e77fd200c9591a89915aaae5d9f5313eff3d94032fdfe06d89fda1e2398881b711d149e9afe9
822c99222d Improve constructor rustdocs for Address (Tobin Harding)
804a38cb67 Improve documentation of `WitnessVersion` (Tobin Harding)
eb8278fd2e util/address: Improve docs (Tobin Harding)
Pull request description:
Improve documentation of the `address` module by doing:
- Add full stops to all sentences
- Use code ticks even inside links e.g., [`WitnessVersion`]
- Use 100 character line length
- Do grammar fixes
- Use comment sections (e.g. `# Returns`)
- Use 3rd person for function comments e.g. 'Converts foo to bar' instead of 'Convert foo to bar'
- Use ticks for scriptPubkey
This patch does a single file because a bunch of these changes pick an
arbitrary stlye, if we can bikeshed on this PR then future PRs should be
able to progress more quickly. I'll take lack of comment on any of the
above as approval and I'll attempt to be uniform when doing the rest of
the codebase. I plan on just chipping away at this, I can only do so
much docs work in a day without getting bored of it :)
Notes:
- I didn't touch 'segwit' vs 'SegWit', seems both are widely used.
- Using ticks inside links may be an overkill but seems more correct?
- I'm not totally sure where the line is in the Rust ecosystem between
readability in an editor and rendering as HTML, open to input on this.
ACKs for top commit:
Kixunil:
ACK 822c99222d
dr-orlovsky:
ACK 822c99222d
Tree-SHA512: bfbaeec74803dd0704ed3e39b9a4966db34dbb3d7ea850ed6230abf220b877687ac1479f4940b7bf39d7e8172cd62c36b232bfaa8186a92cc58b3d7e642674f6
e4774e74eb fixups to taptweaking code (sanket1729)
Pull request description:
This was my bad for not clearly stating the expected spec #687 . Changed values to references so that we only take ownership where it is required.
This should simplify the #697
ACKs for top commit:
Kixunil:
ACK e4774e74eb
dr-orlovsky:
utACK e4774e74eb
Tree-SHA512: adacbfa8a77f46b2c85720f3760ed12a437f40d8422731d0207662d7947c95dda79d576923f6056c77f57977a3dcd25afd270f0ee11e9c3be9d067ccdc63371a
We test `bitcoin_merkle_root` over in the `blockdata::block` module.
Although the `bitcoin_merkle_root` and `bitcoin_merkle_root_inline`
functions are almost identical there is enough index manipulation done
that it is not immediately obvious that the code is error free.
Add a unit test that verifies that the two functions return the same
resulting merkle root.
Improve the rustdocs for the various `Address` constructors by putting
the brief description on a separate line with further description in its
own paragraph. This is the layout best practice for function documentation
using rustdocs.
Also, favour 'creates' over 'constructs' because it is more common in
the docs of this struct.
Improve documentation of the `address` module by doing:
- Add full stops to all sentences
- Use code ticks even inside links e.g., [`WitnessVersion`]
- Use 100 character line length
- Do grammar fixes
- Use comment sections (e.g. `# Returns`)
- Use 3rd person for function comments e.g. 'Converts foo to bar' instead of 'Convert foo to bar'
- Use ticks for scriptPubkey
This patch does a single file because a bunch of these changes pick an
arbitrary stlye, if we can bikeshed on this PR then future PRs should be
able to progress more quickly. I'll take lack of comment on any of the
above as approval and I'll attempt to be uniform when doing the rest of
the codebase. I plan on just chipping away at this, I can only do so
much docs work in a day without getting bored of it :)
Notes:
- I didn't touch 'segwit' vs 'SegWit', seems both are widely used.
- Using ticks inside links may be an overkill but seems more correct?
- I'm not totally sure where the line is in the Rust ecosystem between
readability in an editor and rendering as HTML, open to input on this.
0af5a433b6 Return the correct `LeafVersion` when building a Taproot `ControlBlock` (Alekos Filini)
Pull request description:
ACKs for top commit:
sanket1729:
ACK 0af5a433b6
Tree-SHA512: 6b887e86b32b070a2a42ba1a2309b094c36d5a0b0bbf7d4c49c4fd2d8d2b4a7b1d87da699f1bd5f7116926c590413609a292d900b55c27c6bdbadc408529999f
0d463ec19e tests: improve coverage for P2tr and AddressType (Leonardo Comandini)
Pull request description:
The new AddressType test shows addresses that are valid but have
no type. If in the future some of those get a type or become
invalid (either voluntarily or due to a regression), this will
highlight it.
ACKs for top commit:
dr-orlovsky:
utACK 0d463ec19e
sanket1729:
ACK 0d463ec19e
Tree-SHA512: 9e062a1807173638cb62a61a2e8ea5be8324449a8944c356073e8bd9f53941dea369c65a35dfa0019bd8323eaa5dd26a9907c1823522fef9a524e919728973a6
The new AddressType test shows addresses that are valid but have
no type. If in the future some of those get a type or become
invalid (either voluntarily or due to a regression), this will
highlight it.
55c627715f Moving globals into PSBT struct (Dr Maxim Orlovsky)
Pull request description:
I took the most non-invasive approach to reduce diff size. Many parts of the code can be improved in style or further refactored (like some functions are not necessary and can be just moved to be part of other functions), but I'd prefer to do that as a separate PR once this will be merged.
My approach with this PR:
1. Remove `Global` struct by moving its fields right into `PartiallySignedTransaction` - but keep the `util/psbt/map/global.rs` file with all its logic
2. Keep existing `Map for Global` implementation in the same file, but just change it to `Map for PartiallySignedTransaction`
3. With serialization, convert `Global` deserialization into crate-private function and use it from `PartiallySignedTransaction` deserialization
4. Refactor the tests and imports as required to get the thing compile and pass tests
The refactoring will be followed by PR(s) adding support for Taproot
ACKs for top commit:
apoelstra:
ACK 55c627715f
sanket1729:
ACK 55c627715f . Reviewed range diff with ac0c908 that I previously ACKed
Tree-SHA512: 79b329b6e4e60af905e4e00507d6abc558261d921bcf8f5d4ee34dd685322d7a529b18015423da50a388ba6732b7b662a92bc95ad078228cc809254ad010d467
Ambiguous TweakedPublicKey and UntweakedPublicKey type aliases and methods to convert
Use structs for Untweaked and Tweaked key type
swap dangerous api to work on tweaked keys
remove unecessary allocations and rename methods
Use type alias for UntweakedPublicKey
TweakedPublicKey::new(...) method added
minor naming and doc changes
Docs can always do with a bit of love.
Clean up the module level (`//!`) rustdocs for all public modules.
I claim uniform is better than any specific method/style. I tried to fit
in with what ever was either most sane of most prevalent, therefore
attaining uniformity without unnecessary code churn (one exception being
the changes to headings described below).
Notes:
* Headings - use heading as a regular sentence for all modules e.g.,
```
//! Bitcoin network messages.
```
as opposed to
```
//! # Bitcoin Network Messages
```
It was not clear which style to use so I picked a 'random' mature
project and copied their style.
* Added 'This module' in _most_ places as the start of the module
description, however I was not religious about this one.
* Fixed line length if necessary since most of our code seems to follow
short (80 char) line lengths for comments anyways.
* Added periods and fixed obvious (and sometimes not so obvious)
grammatically errors.
* Added a trailing `//!` to every block since this was almost universal
already. I don't really like this one but I'm guessing it is Andrew's
preferred style since its on the copyright notices as well.
5d71a9dd89 Correct input length check for uin128 fuzzer (Matt Corallo)
9c256cc88e Add a fuzz check for `Uint128::increment` (Matt Corallo)
a15f263c4e Move the `increment` fn into the uint macro to add it to Uint128 (Matt Corallo)
d52b88b525 Fix increment of Uint256 with carry (carolcapps)
Pull request description:
This is #578 with review feedback addressed.
ACKs for top commit:
apoelstra:
ACK 5d71a9dd89
sanket1729:
ACK 5d71a9d
Tree-SHA512: 32e5ea6387943ecad8f190a0de336a545fda72b6ff7388d3479037a5f880434276a7d0607f5cf61710d45e984c01954f4e3199a60c542be48b397717afb3d406
c704ee7ffe [docs-only] Use backtick in addition to square parentheses for types references, clarify legacy, non_exhaustive comment, remove std:: (Riccardo Casatta)
f223be618f Rename access_witness to witness_mut and return Option (Riccardo Casatta)
c9bc0b928a [fmt-only] autoformatting with `rustfmt src/util/sighash.rs` (Riccardo Casatta)
07774917c2 Use get_or_insert_with in segwit_cache (Martin Habovstiak)
497dbfb7c3 Use get_or_insert_with in common_cache() (Martin Habovstiak)
ca80a5a030 Use get_or_insert_with in taproot_cache (Martin Habovstiak)
6e06a32ccc Wrap ErrorKind in Io enum variant, fix doc comment for the IO variant (Riccardo Casatta)
1a2b54ff23 introduce constant KEY_VERSION_0 (Riccardo Casatta)
417cfe31e3 Derive common traits for structs and enum, make internal struct not pub (Riccardo Casatta)
55ce3dd6ae Fix validation error if SINGLE with missing corresponding output, remove check_index and check with get().ok_or(), more details in errors (Riccardo Casatta)
2b3b22f559 impl Encodable for Annex to avoid allocation (Riccardo Casatta)
1a7afed068 Add Reserved variant to SigHashType for future use (ie SIGHASH_ANYPREVOUT) (Riccardo Casatta)
53d0e176d3 Deprecate bip143::SigHashCache in favor of sighash::SigHashCache (Riccardo Casatta)
15e3caf62d [test] Test also sighash legacy API with legacy tests (Riccardo Casatta)
24acfe3672 Implement Bip341 signature hash, create unified SigHashCache for taproot, segwit and legacy inputs (Riccardo Casatta)
683b9c14ff add [En|De]codable trait for sha256::Hash (Riccardo Casatta)
Pull request description:
Adds https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki message signature algorithm
The base is taken from `bip143::SigHashCache`, some code results duplicated but I think it's more clear to keep things separated
Would mark some bullet point on https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin/issues/503
Test vectors are taken by running d1e4c56309/test/functional/feature_taproot.py with a modified `TaprootSignatureHash` function to print intermediate values that I cannot found in the bip341 [test vector json](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoin-core/qa-assets/main/unit_test_data/script_assets_test.json)
UPDATE: Latest version includes the suggestion from @sanket1729 to create a unified tool for signature message hash for legacy, segwit, and taproot inputs. In particular, makes sense for mixed segwit v0 and taproot v1 inputs because cached values could be shared
ACKs for top commit:
sanket1729:
ACK c704ee7ffe. Reviewed the diff from a37de1ade475e0c31c932121abaa7aec701b9987 which I previously ACKed
dr-orlovsky:
utACK c704ee7ffe by diffing it to 6e06a32ccc having my ACK before.
apoelstra:
ACK c704ee7ffe
Tree-SHA512: 35530995fe9d078acd0178cfca654ca980109f4502c91d578c1a0d5c6cafacab7db1ffd6216288eac99f6a763776cbc0298cfbdff00b5a83e98ec4b15aa764e8
This documents cargo features in two ways: explictly in text and in code
using `#[doc(cfg(...))]` attribute where possible. Notably, this is
impossible for `serde` derives. The attribute is contitional and only
activated for docs.rs or explicit local builds.
This change also adds `package.metadata.docs.rs` field to `Cargo.toml`
which instructs docs.rs to build with relevant features and with
`docsrs` config activated enabling `#[doc(cfg(...))] attributes.
I also took the opportunity to fix a few missing spaces in nearby code.
This refactors the code to make it possible to use `get_or_insert_with`
instead of unwrapping in `segwit_cache()`. To achieve it `common_cache`
is refactored into two functions: one taking only the required borrows
and the original calling the new one. `segwit_cache` then calls the new
function so that borrows are OK.
Apart from removing unwrap, this avoids calling `common_cache` multiple
times.
There was a question whether this is equally performant. There are
multiple good reasons why it should be:
1. `get_or_insert_with` is marked `#[inline]`
2. Any good optimizer will inline a function that is used exactly once
3. 1 and 2 conclude that the closure will get inlined
4. Computing self.tx can then be moved to the only branch where it is
required.
5. Even if get_or_insert_with didn't get optimized, which is extremely
unlikely, the `tx` field is at the beginning of the struct and it
probably has pointer alignment (`Deref` suggests it's a pointer).
Alignment larger than pointer is not used, so we can expect the
fields to be ordered as-defined. (This is not guaranteed by Rust but
there's not good reason to change the order in this case.) We can
assume that offset to tx is zero in most cases which means no
computation is actually needed so the expression before closure is
no-op short of passing it into the closure as an argument.
At the time of writing `#[inline]` can be seen at
https://doc.rust-lang.org/src/core/option.rs.html#933
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